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Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) Is Defined As Uranium That Has Been Enriched to 20 Percent Or Greater in the Uranium-235 Isotope

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Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) Is Defined As Uranium That Has Been Enriched to 20 Percent Or Greater in the Uranium-235 Isotope - DRAFT U.S. DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY NATIONALNUCLEAR SECURITY ADMINISTRATION OFFICEOF THE DEPUTYADMINISTRATOR FOR DEFENSEPROGRAMS OFFICIAL USE ONLY - DRAFT - DRAFT U.S. DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY NATIONALNUCLEAR SECURITY ADMINISTRATION OFFICEOF THE DEPUTYADMINISTRATOR FOR DEFENSEPROGRAMS JANUARY200 1 - DRAFT - DRAFT Highly enriched uranium (HEU) is defined as uranium that has been enriched to 20 percent or greater in the uranium-235 isotope. All HEU is considered to be weapons-usable. HEU comes in different forms, including metals, oxides, solutions, reactor fuel, and irradiated spent nuclear fuel. Pictured above is a metal disk or "button" of HEU. - DRAFT - DRAFT .TABLE OF CONTENTS YL..*--~-*..~~.. -- - &*. +"-. w-~P~zF~zr~--~-"?wa~..=-&..m~w-=..L " EXECUTIVESUMMARY ...................................................................................... 1 BACKGROUND.................................................................................................................. 1 U.S. HEU INVENTORY...................................................................................................... 2 MATERIALBALANCE .......................................................................................................... 3 NEWLYDECLASSIFIED INFORMATION ........................................................................................ 3 CORRECTIONSTO PREVIOUSLY RELEASED DATA ........................................................................ 3 SECTION2 = URANIUMPRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION........................................... 21 OVERVIEWOF URANIUM.................................................................................................... 21 URANIUMACCOUNTABIL~................................................................................................ 23 PRODUCTIONOF ENRICHED URANIUM ..................................................................................... 24 HEU UTILIZATIONAND FACILITIES....................................................................................... 28 SECTION3 = U.S. HEU INVENTORY................................................................. 37 LOCATIONOF THE U .S. HEU INVENTORY............................................................................. 37 HEU PROGRAMMATICREQUIREMENTS .................................................................................. 41 REQUIREDHEU ............................................................................................................. 42 SURPLUSHEU ............................................................................................................. 44 SECTION5 = ACQUISITIONS............................................................................. 51 U.S. HEU PRODUCTION................................................................................................. 51 Y-12 PLANTCALUTRONS ................................................................................................ 55 OAKRIDGE GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT .............................................................................. 58 PADUCAHGASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT ................................................................................ 62 PORTSMOUTHGASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT ............................................................................ 64 PRODUCTIONFROM BLENDING............................................................................................. 68 HEU RECEIPTSFROM FOREIGNCOUNTRIES ........................................................................... 68 .- DRAFT SECTION6 = REMOVALS................................................................................. 77 REFEEDAT THE ENRICHMENTPLANTS ................................................................................... 77 NUCLEARTESTS AND WARTIMEDETONATIONS ....................................................................... 81 FISSIONAND TRANSMUTATIONS.......................................................................................... 87 NORMALOPERATING LOSSES ............................................................................................ 92 HEU TRANSFERSTO FOREIGN COUNTRIES ........................................................................... 96 DOWNBLENDING ......................................................................................................... 102 INVENTORY DIFFERENCES............................................................................................... 104 APPENDIXC = U.S. HEU SPENTNUCLEAR FUEL INVENTORY ............................. 135 BACKGROUND............................................................................................................ 135 SPENTFUEL REPROCESSING ........................................................................................ 136 SPENTFUEL STORAGE ................................................................................................ 136 ..... ..... ..-.... .-. a. ..=- ii .DRAFT - DRAFT .TABLE OF CONTENTS LISTOF FIGURES FIGURE2-1 SINGLESTAGE OF THE GASEOUSDIFFUSION PROCESS ............................... 26 FIGURE2-2 INTEGRATEDOPERATION OF THE GASEOUSDIFFUSION PLANTS .................... 27 FIGURE2-3 SITESDISCUSSED IN THIS REPORT........................................................ 30 FIGURE3-1 U.S. HEU INVENTORYCATEGORIES ....................................................... 41 FIGURE5-1 U.S. HEU PRODUCTIONBY YEAR .......................................................... 54 FIGURE5-2 U.S. HEU PRODUCTIONBY ASSAY ......................................................... 54 FIGURE5-3 HEU PRODUCTIONAT THE PORTSMOUTHGASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT .......... 65 FIGURE5-4 HEU RECEIVEDFROM FOREIGNCOUNTRIES ............................................. 70 FIGURE6-1 TOTALNUCLEAR TESTS CONDUCTED BY THE U.S. ..................................... 82 FIGURE6-2 U.S. NUCLEARTESTS BY LOCATION....................................................... 85 FIGURE6-3 HEU EXPORTEDTO FOREIGN COUNTRIES FOR PEACEFULUSES OF ATOMICENERGY ............................................................. 98 FIGURE6-4 FLOWDIAGRAM OF THE CALCULATIONSOF INVENTORY DIFFERENCES .................... 108 FIGURE6-5 HISTORICALU.S. HEU INVENTORYDIFFERENCES .......................................... 109 LISTOF TABLES TABLE2-1 SITE INFORMATIONOF THE GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANTS .............................. 27 TABLE3-1 U.S. HEU INVENTORYAS OF SEPTEMBER 30. 1996 .................................. 38 TABLE3-2 LOCATIONOF REQUIREDHEU INVENTORYAS OF SEPTEMBER 30. 1996 ........43 TABLE3-3 LOCATIONOF SURPLUSHEU INVENTORYAS OF SEPTEMBER 30. 1996 .......... 45 TABLE4-1 HISTORICALMATERIAL BALANCE OF URANIUM-235 IN HEU .......................... 49 TABLE5-1 TOTALU.S. HEU PRODUCTION............................................................... 53 TABLE5-2 HEU PRODUCTIONAT THE Y-12 PLANTCALUTRONS ................................... 56 TABLE5-3 HEU PRODUCTIONAT THE OAKRIDGE GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT .............. 60 TABLE5-4 HEU PRODUCTIONAT THE PORTSMOUTHGASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT ........... 66 TABLE5-5 HEU RECEIVEDFROM EURATOMCOUNTRIES ............................................. 71 TABLE5-6 HEU RECEIVEDFROM NON-EURATOMCOUNTRIES ...................................... 72 TABLE6-1 TOTALHEU REFEDAT THE ENRICHMENTPLANTS ....................................... 78 TABLE6-2 HEU REFEDAT THE Y-12 PLANTCALUTRONS ........................................... 78 TABLE6-3 HEU REFEDAT THE OAKRIDGE GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT ...................... 79 TABLE6-4 HEU REFEDAT THE PORTSMOUTHGASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT .................... 80 TABLE6-5 CUMULATIVEHEU FISSIONAND TRANSMUTATIONS...................................... 90 TABLE6-6 CUMULATIVEHEU NORMALOPERATING LOSSES ........................................ 94 TABLE6-7 U.S. HEU EXPORTEDTO EURATOMCOUNTRIES FOR PEACEFULUSES OF ATOMICENERGY ............................................................. 99 TABLE6-8 U.S. HEU EXPORTEDTO NON-EURATOM COUNTRIES FOR PEACEFULUSES OF ATOMICENERGY ........................................................... 100 TABLE6-9 CUMULATIVEHEU INVENTORYDIFFERENCES AT DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY SITES (1 945 THRU SEPTEMBER30. 1996) ........................ 106 - DRAFT HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM: STRIKING A BALANCE TABLE6-1 0 CUMULATIVEHEU INVENTORYDIFFERENCES AT COMMERCIAL Srr~s (1952 THRU SEPTEMBER30, 1996) .................................................................... 107 TABLEC-1 LOCATIONAND QUANTITYOF HEU IN SPENTNUCLEAR FUEL ............................. 138 TABLEC-2HEU SPENTFUEATINEEL.................................................................. 139 TABLEC-3 HEU SPENTFUEL AT SRS .................................................................... 140 TABLEC-4 LOCATIONOF HEU SPENTFUEL AT OTHERDOE SITES................................. 141 TABLED-1 SUMMARYOF THE NAVALNUCLEAR PROPULSION PROGRAM .............................. 144 AEC Atomic Energy Commission BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory DoD U.S. Department of Defense DOE U.S. Department of Energy ERDA Energy Research and Development Administration Euratom European Atomic Energy Community GDP gaseous diffusion plant HEU highly enriched uranium IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency ICPP Idaho Chemical Processing Plant INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory kg kilograms LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory LEU low enriched uranium LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory -...---.:.- ..=&.- .. -...,. ?.....=.-- --z-m.=-= . .- iv - DRAFT MC&A material control and accountability MTU metric tons of uranium MTU-235 metric tons of uranium-235 NIST National Institute of Standards
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