THE LIFEBOAT. The Journal of the Royal National Life-boat Institution.

VOL. XXV.—No. 281.] JUNE, 1924. [PRICE Gd.

The Centenary. By GEORGE F. SHEE, M.A., Secretary of the Institution. THE Centenary celebrations began with invention, that not even Lord Chelms- the meeting, in the Guildhall, described ford would wish to convert it into a on another page, on the Institution's Government service, or would not hail hundredth birthday—4th March. They this great Institution as the best means are being continued throughout the year by which the Life-boat Service could be all over the country, and when the year continued in the future as it was ends we shall be able to look back on a originated, and as it has been carried on series of events which will have shown in the past." more notably than any event of the past And we are fortunate in having had how secure is the Life-boat Service in definite statements in the House of the affection of the whole British people, Commons, showing that even a Govern- and the active and generous interest of ment which believes in a wide exten- thousands of voluntary workers. sion of State control is satisfied that ' One can go further, and say how the Life-boats, great national service secure, in spite of the enormous changes though they are, are best left to be of recent years and the growth of the voluntarily manned and maintained. idea of State control, remains the In replying to a question in the House voluntary principle as the basis of the of Commons, asking if the Government Service. Mr. Austen Chamberlain made would consider making a grant from the point with great vigour and truth public funds to render unnecessary the when he said at the Centenary Meeting : raising of money for the service by " If we were sitting down, Lord Chelms- continuous appeals, Mr. Alexander, the ford, or the Prime Minister, and I, and Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Sir Donald MacLean—if we four were Trade, said: " From the practical point sitting down with a clean slate to devise of view it would be unwise to consider a constitution for a new country, and to making a far-reaching change of this define the sphere of its Governmental kind, which would impose a heavy activities, I suppose there is no subject additional charge on public funds, unless which we should more readily agree was a very strong case were made out for it." more suited to State action, rather than And again, when dealing with the service to individual enterprise, than the organi- to the ketch Lord Hamilton, of which a ;ation of a Life-boat Service round the full account is given elsewhere, Mr. coasts of our country. And yet here we Alexander took the opportunity to say : are all celebrating the Centenary of a " As far as the Board of Trade and the Voluntary Institution which has owed Government are concerned, we have nothing but good will to any Govern- every desire to support the magnificent ment that has existed during the whole voluntary work which has been under- hundred years of its life, and which has taken by the National Life-boat Institu- organized this service, developed it, tion." carried it on so efficiently, with such The celebrations, begun in London on energy, with such adaptation to the 4th March, will be continued in July, march of science and the progress of when we shall hold an International 130 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924. Life-boat Conference in London. To It has been a fortunate chance for the this Conference we shall welcome, as Institution that the British Empire Ex- guests of the Institution, delegates from hibition should have coincided with our the French, Spanish, Japanese, Dutch, Centenary. That has given us a great Swedish and Norwegian Life-boat Socie- opportunity, and at Life-boat House, ties, and from the United States Coast Wembley, the Institution has a more inter- Guard and the Danish Ministry of esting and more complete display, showing Marine, the Life-boat Services in the the development and work of the Service, two last countries being maintained by than has ever been given before—from a the State. model of the first Life-boat, built on the The Conference will discuss practically Tyne in 1789, to a real Motor Life-boat every question of technical interest, of the latest type. This Life-boat, one of from the construction of Life-boats and the Watson Cabin class, is our central Life-boat engines to the latest mechani- exhibit, and is open to the public, so that cal devices, such as Tractors and Line- many thousands, not only of British throwing guns. At the same time there people, but of those from the Dominions will be held on the Thames what has and foreign countries, will have an oppor- never been held before—an international tunity of seeing what a wonderful inven- pageant of Life-boats. The French tion is a modern Life-boat. They will Society is sending over its Twin-screw have an opportunity of seeing also wort- Motor Life-boat from Calais ; the North ing models showing how Life-boats are and South Holland Life-saving Society launched, and how rescues are carried its latest type of Motor Life-boat, Bran- out, and a model of one of the most daris : the South Holland Life-saving famous services in our history—the ser- Society its Steam Life-boat, Prins der vice to the Hospital Ship Rohilla in 1914. Nederlanden, from the Hook, a Life-boat From Life-boat House, Wembley, we which has saved many British lives. hope that thousands will carry back to Norway is sending one of its cruising their homes in Great Britain and across Life-saving Ketches, Denmark a Motor the seas a clearer understanding of what Life-boat, and Sweden a large cruis- our Life-boat Service is, of its history, ing Life-boat with auxiliary motor. of its place in our national life, and of These boats will lie off the Temple Steps its title to their help. on the Victoria Embankment, near the Of the many celebrations which have training-ship President. They will go up been or are being held by the Institu- the river, and be received in state by the tion's Branches I will say nothing here, Mayor of Fulham, and they will be open because it is intended to publish with the to the inspection of the public, so next number of the Journal an illus- that London will be given a unique trated supplement, giving an account of opportunity of comparing the different what the Branches have done to make methods of life-saving in European this the most notable year in the history countries. of the Institution. The Government is entertaining the On another page is reproduced in foreign delegates to a State banquet, facsimile the Prince of Wales's Cen- and the Institution will hold its Cen- tenary Appeal not to Great Britain only, tenary Dinner on 2nd July. The Prince but to the whole Empire, and to all who of Wales will preside, and the Prime value the Service as a great example of Minister, the Spanish Ambassador, and beroism and humanity, to give it their Mr. Winston Churchill will be among jenerous support. That appeal com- the speakers. All the Institution's Gold pletes the efforts of our Centenary Year, Medallists have been invited to London to extend by obtaining many new as its guests, to attend the dinner, and subscribers and helpers that broad during their visit they will be received foundation of popular support on which by the King. the Life-boat Service rests. JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 131

S! JAMES'S PALACE S.W

There is not a country with a seaboard whose vessels and seafarers have not, at some time during the past century, been rescued from shipwreck by the British Life-Boat Service I would appeal to all, to whatever country they belonf, to remember with gratitude what seafarers of their own race owe to British Life-Boat men. There is nothing in our long and splendid history as a seafaring race of which We have more right to be proud. We are proud that it was the first in the world, and has been the example and model for all other countries Most of all we are proud that it is a voluntary service, provided and maintained, not by the State, but by the people themselves I appeal to the men and women of our Empire, and, indeed, to all those who value the practical example of heroism and humanity, to give generously in support of this great service r^

President

FAC-SIMILE REPRODUCTION OF THE PRINCE OF WALES'S LIFE-BOAT CENTENARY APPEAL. 132 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924.

March 4th, 1824 : March 4th, 1924. THE Institution was founded on 4th meeting was but thinly attended, which March, 1824, " at a Public Meeting of was attributed to the shortness of the Noblemen, Gentlemen, Merchants, and notice given for holding it, as well as to others, held at the City of London the active canvass going on for the East Tavern, His Grace the Archbishop of India Direction." Canterbury in the Chair." Such is the In this way the Institution was brief record in the archives of the launched. Institution, followed by a list of twenty In holding the Centenary Meeting we resolutions, with the names of their tried, so far as was possible, to recon- proposers and seconders, all of which struct that original meeting. It was were unanimously carried. The first and held on 4th March, and it was held in the principal of these resolutions, the reso- City of London ; but this time in the lution which called the Institution into Mansion House, a change fitly marking being, was proposed by the Archbishop the place which, long before the end of of Canterbury (Dr. Manners Sutton). its century was reached, the Institution The report which appeared in The had taken among the permanent organi- Times newspaper of the following day zations of our national life. was almost as brief. It runs as The Lord Mayor presided, and once follows :— again the principal resolution was " SHIPWRECKED SEAMEN. — A moved by the Archbishop of Canterbury public meeting was yesterday held at (Dr. Randall Davidson). We were also the City of London Tavern, for the very fortunate in having with us on this purpose of forming a National Institu- great occasion the descendants—or tion, to be supported by voluntary present holders of the same office—of donations and subscriptions, for the several of those whose honour it is that preservation of life in cases of shipwreck they took part in the founding of the on the coasts of the United Kingdom, Life-boat Service 100 years ago. Not and for affording assistance to persons only was the successor in office of Dr. rescued, and for conferring rewards on Manners-Sutton present, but the Vis- those who preserve their fellow-creatures count Canterbury, the head of the from destruction ; and also for granting family of Manners-Sutton. The Mar- relief to the destitute families of any quess ^Camden, the Earl Spencer, and who might unfortunately perish in the Lord Suffield represented original attempting to save the lives of others. Vice-Presidents. Captain Sir Herbert His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury Acton Blake, 'K.C.M.G., K.C.V.O., took the Chair, and explained the objects Deputy Master 'of the Trinity House, of the meeting, at the same time an- and Mr. Ernest E. Adams, the Chairman nouncing that His Majesty had been of Lloyd's, were present, both as members pleased to become the Patron of the of the Committee of Management and proposed institution. Several resolu- as representatives of original Vice- tions were then moved and agreed to, Prcsidents, and the Bishop of London, and the management of the affairs of the Major A. G. R. Foulerton, and Lieu- Institution committed to the care of a tenant Barclay Foulerton, R.N., as Committee of forty gentlemen, with a representatives of movers of resolutions Treasurer, Secretary, and assistants. at the meeting in 1824. The Bishop of London, the Bishop of Among other descendants of original Chester, Mr. Wilberforce, Mr. Manning, •Vice-Presidents, who were unable to be and Captain Manby, in moving some of present, but sent their good wishes, were the resolutions, warmly eulogized the the Archbishop of York, the Earl of objects of the Institution. Subscriptions Craven, the Lord Braybrooke, the to a considerable amount were an- Bishop of Bristol, and the Bishop of nounced as already received, and further Durham ; and among the descendants sums were subscribed at the table. The of movers of resolutions who also wrote. JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 133 but could not be present, were the for a service of the Cloughey (co. Down) Bishop of Chester, Sir Alan Reeve Life-boat to the brigantine Helgoland, of Manby, K.C.V.O., who is of the same Plymouth, on 11th January last.* Petty family as Captain Manby, who received Officer C. A. W. Essam, of H.M. De- one of the first of the Institution's Gold stroyer Vampire, was also awarded the Medals in recognition of his invention Silver Medal for the part which he took of the Manby rocket apparatus, and in the rescue of the crew of the Imperial Mr. H. W. Wilberforce, the Metropolitan Prince, but he was unable to be present Police Magistrate and the great-great- to be decorated with it. As the Lord grandson of William Wilberforce, M.P., Mayor pointed out in his speech, in the the emancipator of the slaves, who two services for which the medals were moved the second resolution at the presented, Englishmen, Scotsmen, and original meeting. Irishmen had all taken part. The Institution's founder, Colonel Sir Among those present at the meeting William Hillary, Bt., was represented by were :— a descendant of his daughter, Mr. S. A. R. The Earl of Albemarle; the Hon. George Preston-Hillary, and Captain Free- Colville (Deputy Chairman of the Committee mantle, R.N., who received the first Gold of Management); Colonel Lord William Cecil, Medal of the Institution for gallantry in C.V.O. ; Captain the Viscount Curzon, R.N.V.B., M.P. ; Rear-Admiral Sir Lionel saving life, by his nephew, Admiral the Halsey, K.C.M.G., K.C.V.O., C.B. ; Colonel Hon. Sir Edmund Fremantle, G.C.B. Sir Henry MacMahon, G.C.M.G., G.G.V.O., The presence of these descendants K.C.I.E., C.S.I. ; Commodore Sir Richard marked in a striking way the historical Williams-Bulkeley, Bt., K.C.B., R.N.R. ; Sir William Corry, Bt. ; Sir Woodburu Kirby ; continuity of the Institution's work, Commander Sir Harry Main waring, Bt., and the speakers marked even more R.N.V.R. ; Sir John G. Gumming, K.C.I.E., strikingly its national character and its C.S.I.; Major Sir Maurice Cameron, K.C.M.G.; universal appeal. Vice-Admiral Sir H. H. Tothill; Admiral Sir Thomas H. M. Jerram, G.C.M.G., K.C.B. ; the They were, in addition to the Hydrographer of the Admiralty (Rear-Ad- Lord Mayor and the Archbishop of miral Frederick Learmouth, C.B., C.B.E.); Canterbury, H.R.H. the Prince of Engineer Rear-Admiral Charles Rudd; Ad- Wales, K.G., the Institution's Presi- miral Sir Herbert King Hall; Mr. J. J. Crosfield; Mr. H. Hargood, O.B.E., J.P. ; dent ; the Right Hon. the Viscount Commander F. F. Tower, O.B.E. ; Mr. John F. Chelmsford, G.C.M.G., G.M.S.I., Lamb; Captain Charles J. P. Cave; Mr. G.M.I.E., G.B.E.; the Right Hon. Frederick Cavendish-Bentinck; Brigadier- Austen Chamberlain, M.P.; Admiral of General Noel M. Lake, C.B. ; Sheriff R. C. Seunett; the Chairman of the Baltic; the the Fleet Sir Doveton Sturdee, Bt., Chairman of the Stock Exchange ; Mr. Thomas G.C.B., K.C.M.G., C.V.O., LL.D.; the B. Gabriel; Captain George B. Preston ; Mr. Right Hon. Sir Donald MacLean, K.B.E.; Herbert F. Lancashire; Colonel D. Watts- the Lord Mayor of Liverpool (Mr. Morgan, M.P.; Major-General J. Boughey ; Mr. W. Fortescue Barratt (Hon. Secretary of Arnold Rushton), and Sir Godfrey the Civil Service Life-boat Fund); the Mayor Baring, Bt., the Chairman of the Com- and Mayoress of Deptford; the Mayor of mittee of Management. Thus the Acton ; the Mayor of Fulham ; the Mayor of Government, both the other political Greenwich; the Mayor of Islington; the Mayor of Stepney; the Mayor of Kensington. The parties, the Navy and the civic life of following members of the London Women's Great Britain all paid their tribute to Committee : Lady Baring, the Dowager the Life-boat Service through dis- Marchioness of Queensberry, the Lady Adelaide tinguished representatives. Taylour, the Lady Florence Pery, Lady White, Three members of Life-boat crews Lady Fisher, Lady Strutters, the Hon. Mrs. Seely, the Hon. Mrs. Merry of Belladrum, Mrs. were decorated by the Prince of Wales : Auberon Kennard, Mrs. Hopkinson, Mrs. Coxswain John Innes, who received the Timothy Davies, Mrs. Austin Farleigh, Miss Silver Medal for the service of the New- Silvester; representatives of the Navy League, burgh (Aberdeenshire) Life-boat to the the Mercantile Marine Association and the National Sailors' and Firemen's Union; Mr. trawler Imperial Prince, on 19th Octo- Rowland Berkeley (Deputy Secretary), and ber, 1923 ; Bowman James Innes, who Captain Howard F. J. Rowley, C.B.E., R.N. received the Bronze Medal for the same (Chief Inspector of Life-boats). service, and Acting Coxswain Andrew * Accounts of both these Services will be Young, who received the Bronze Medal found in the Report of the Meeting. THE PRINCE OF WALES PRESENTING MEDALS AT THE CENTENARY MEETING. i From left to right:—Captain Sir Herbert Acton Blake, the Hon. George Colville, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Doveton Sturdee, Bt., Sir Donald MacLean. Acting Coxswain Younj (Cloughey, Co Down). Bowman James Innei (Newburgh), Coxswain John Innes, H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, The Lord Mayor. On the extreme right is Lord Chelmiford JUNE, 1921.] THE LIFEBOAT. 135

The Centenary Meeting. The CHAIRMAN : Your Royal Highness, my Sir Edmund served with his uncle as flag- Lords, ladies and gentlemen, to-day is the lieutenant sixty-six years ago; so that we hundredth birthday of our Life-boat Service. have with us one who knew the Institution's That is the historic event which we have met first Gold Medallist, and heard from his own here to celebrate. lips the story of that rescue which took place nearly 100 years ago. It is, and must always be, a matter of great pride to the city of London that the city was Lastly, as a culminating honour and tribute the birthplace of THE ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE- to this unique Service, national yet not BOAT INSTITUTION. At a meeting held in the nationalized—national in character, yet inter- old City of London Tavern, just a century ago national in its beneficent activities—we have as I am speaking, the resolution was carried with us Your Royal Highness (applause), which called the Institution into existence; bearing witness, both by your presence and but there is another reason, and, I will venture by the fact that you are the Institution's to say, an even stronger reason, why it is most President, to that personal interest which our appropriate that we should meet in the Royal House has taken in the Institution's^work Institution's birthplace to see its first century from the date of its foundation. Your Royal ended, and to wish it God-speed as its second Highness will have the great satisfaction of century begins. Here we are at the very heart knowing that in the services for which you will of our maritime empire. The whole kingdom make awards to-day, Englishmen, Scotsmen, should remember to-day what we owe to the and Irishmen all took part. (Applause.) Life-boat Service, but nowhere should it be Before asking His Royal Highness to remembered with deeper gratitude than in the decorate those who have won medals for city of London, the headquarters of our great conspicuous service, I will call on the Deputy shipping industry and our world commerce. Secretary to read a brief account of the What the seafarers of Great Britain and the services for which those medals have been industries dependent on them owe to the Life- awarded. boat Service is contained in five figures. The Institution has given rewards for the rescue The DEPUTY SECRETARY : The outstanding from shipwreck of 59,574 lives. (Applause.) service of 1923 was carried out on 19th October by the Newburgh Life-boat with the help of It is not only commerce which has met here men from H.M. Destroyers Vampire and to do honour to a great national service and its Vendetta. splendid achievement. The Church, the three At 5.30 in the morning of that day, the great political parties and the Navy have all trawler Imperial Prince, of Aberdeen, with a most distinguished representatives here to-day crew of nine men, drove ashore by Belhevie, to pay their tributes. We have also with us a near Aberdeen, in a full southerly gale, and at number of descendants of those whose honour daybreak she was seen with only her bow and it is that they took part in the founding of the stern above water. The Institution's Life-boat Institution. We have His Grace the Arch- at Newburgh, the Aberdeen Harbour Com- bishop of Canterbury, whose predecessor, Dr. missioners' Life-boat and the Board of Trade Manners Sutton, moved the resolution which Life-saving Rocket apparatus were all called called the Institution into existence, and who put. Although the rocket apparatus succeeded will himself move the principal resolution in throwing a line over the wreck, the crew to-day. We have with us a descendant of Dr. were too exhausted to haul in the breeches Manners Sutton, the Viscount Canterbury; buoy, one of them being drowned in the we have Mr. S. A. R. Preston-Hillary, a attempt; and the Aberdeen Life-boat was descendant of that most distinguished man, swept back to the shore. Colonel Sir William Hillary, the Institution's founder (applause), and the first, and one of Meanwhile, the Newburgh Life-boat was the greatest of our Life-boat men, the rescuer being dragged along seven miles of soft, sandy from shipwreck of no fewer than 305 lives. beach, with men, women and children all Amongst others who are with us to-day, helping in the work. She was launched, and representing those who took part in the at two in the afternoon reached the wreck, foundation of the Institution, are the Bishop taking off two men, but a third was washed of London, Lord Spencer, Lord Suffield, Major out of the life-buoy and drowned. One of the A. G. R. Foulerton, and Lieutenant Barclay two was so badly injured, and the Life-boat Foulerton, R.N. We have also with us, in j Crew themselves were so exhausted, that tie Admiral Sir Edmund Fremantle, a still closer Coxswain decided to return ashore. Two more link with the past of 100 years ago. A few j attempts were made, but without success. months after the founding of the Institution, The Peterhead Motor Life-boat was summoned, its first gold medal was awarded to Captain and a message asking for help was sent to the Fremantle of the Royal Navy for gallantly Commanding Officer of H.M. Destroyer Vam- swimming out to a Swedish brig wrecked off pire, lying at Aberdeen. Seven of his crew and Christchurch. Captain Fremantle lived to four from H.M. Destroyer Vendetta, in charge reach high rank in the Navy, and Admiral of one of his Petty Officers, quickly arrived at Fremantle is his nephew. Not only that, but the scene in taxicabs, and a fourth attempt 136 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924. was made, the Life-boat being manned by the and the night was very dark. All that the naval men and by the Newburgh Coxswain Life-boat could do was to lie as close as possible and Bowman. to the wreck, burn flares as a sign that help was It was now nearly seven in the evening, and at hand, and wait for daybreak. As soon as the tiawler's crew had been thirteen hours in there wag light, the Life-boat, dropping anchor the rigging. Although by this time the weather 200 yards astern of the wreck, veered down to had moderated, there was a heavy swell her. A strong current was running, but she breaking right over the wreck, leaving only succeeded in getting a line aboard, and in a her masts and the lop of her funnel visible. few minutes the five members of the crew were After a long and hard pull the Life-boat got to rescued from the mast, all utterly exhausted. windward of the wreck, which, thanks to the Only very cool and skilful seamanship could moon, could just be seen between the breakers. have succeeded in carrying out a rescue from The drogue was put over, and the boat was a wreck lying among rocks in so perilous a dropped down to the port side of the wreck, position. where she lay with her stern close in under the It was nine in the morning -when the Life- foremast, rising and falling eight feet with the boat reached the shore with the rescued men, waves, while the remaining five men of the and Andrew Young, the acting Coxswain, trawler's crew were got aboard. The Peter- found that his brother had died two hours head Motor Life-boat, which had had a journey after the Life-boat had been launched. of twenty-two miles against the gale, arrived This is the second occasion upon which at the wreck shortly after the men had been Andrew Young has distinguished himself in rescued. charge of the Life-boat. On the first occasion, The Lords of the Admiralty have shown November, 1920, when thirty lives were rescued their appreciation of the services of the petty from the s.s. Scarpa, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, he officer and men of the two destroyers by was specially thanked for his services. On this promoting Petty Officer Essam to the rank of present occasion his gallantry and devotion to chief petty officer or warrant officer, as he duty in such painful circumstances have been chooses, and by giving each of the eleven men recognized by the award of the Institution's six months' seniority. Bronze Medal. The Committee of Management have made (H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES then pre- the following awards :— sented the Bronze Medal to Acting Coxswain To John Innes, Coxswain, who went out on Andrew Young.) three of the four attempts, although he had The CHAIRMAN : I will now ask His Grace the been injured, the Silver Medal of the Institu- Archbishop of Canterbury to move the first tion. resolution. To James Innes, Bowman, the Coxswain's His Grace the ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY : son, who went out each time with his father, I have to propose the following resolution :— the Bronze Medal of the Institution. " That those present at this, the Centenary To the remaining members of the crew, Meeting of THE ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT special awards. INSTITUTION, recognizing the important ser- To Petty Officer C. A. W. Essam, of H.M.S. vices which the Institution has rendered to Vampire, the Silver Medal of the Institution. the seafarers of all nations during a century of life-saving, desire to record their hearty To each of the other eleven naval men, the appreciation of the gallantry of its Coxswains Thanks of the Institution inscribed on Vellum, and Crews, to pay a tribute of respect and and special awards. admiration to those who have sacrificed A special Letter of Thanks was also sent to their lives in the attempt to save others, the women of Newburgh. (Applause.) and gratefully to acknowledge the invaluable help rendered to the Life-boat cause by the (H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES then pre- Local Committees, Honorary Secretaries and sented the Silver Medal to Coxswain John Innes, Honorary Treasurers, and many thousands and the Bronze Medal to Bowman James Innes.) of self-sacrificing men and women who have The DEPUTY SECRETARY : Another gallant helped to maintain that cause in the hearts service was carried out by the Life-boat of of the British people." Cloughey, County Down, on the night of llth January last. It is noteworthy for the My Lord Mayor, Your Royal Highness, fact that neither the Coxswain nor Second ladies and gentlemen, I esteem it a very real Coxswain could go with the boat. The privilege to take part in this gathering to-day. Coxswain was away from home. The Second It takes place appropriately, as you, my Lord Coxswain, his brother, lay dying. Another Mayor, have reminded us, in the central spot of English commercial life and interest, and brother took command. j we therefore have a right to feel that here, if The Boat was launched at 11.30 in response anywhere, should God-speed be given to the to signals of distress from a vessel—the work of those who have contributed to the brigantine Helgoland, of Plymouth—which saving of so much life among the men who are had driven ashore. A strong gale was blowing, engaged in doing what is for the gain and with a heavy sea, and showers of sleet and hail. advantage of us all; and I rejoice to be along- The Helgoland had sunk, and her orew were side of your Royal Highness, whose interest in the rigging. She lay surrounded by rocks, in all matters connected with our public welfare JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 137 is so marked and keen, and who, if it is not help was likely to be needed most, it was only impertinent to say so, has special interest in in the most " chancy " way, I might call it, those works which have about them a spice of that it was rendered. It was felt by those courage and adventure. who had the whole interests of the people at heart that such help must be put on a more I am not apologizing for being the man regular basis, so that we should be able to chosen to stand here to-day. There is a estimate from a central quarter where the peculiar appropriateness in it, regarded as an need was greatest, to make it practicable to historical fact. It was on this very day, the bring rescue where rescue would not otherwise fourth of March, one hundred years ago, that have been possible, and to save life possibly on my predecessor as Archbishop, Archbishop a greater scale. The Archbishop then had a Manners Sutton, as you, my Lord Mayor, have feeling which is in all our hearts to-day, I reminded us, moved the resolution which think, that it would be a great mistake were started the organized system of Life-boat work it to be imagined that this was a matter which and energy on the coasts of the British Islands. chiefly concerned our coastline, and our coast- It is not always that we are able with the same line folk—it concerned us all. Not merely is accuracy to make history repeat itself, and I there probably no family in the land which is am very grateful for being allowed to take part not in touch with or has members among to-day in something which marks the con- those who are seafaring and exposed to peril, tinuity of our effort, the continuity of pur- but apart from that, it is for our good, our gain pose which lies with those of us who exer- and our sustenance, that those men are on the cise central responsibility in Church or State, high seas risking their lives ; and in order that and for to have the opportunity myself they should not perish within actual sight of to wish, with my whole heart, God-speed the British shore, everybody feels that it is in what we are endeavouring to do. Arch- our paramount duty to render, if it may be bishop Manners Sutton had been, just as I have, some twenty years or more Arch- possible, assistance to that end. bishop of Canterbury at that time. He saw Apart from that, there is surely the thought English life in a quiet and leisurely way, in a that it is not a small thing in English life that different way from that in which English life there should be some great object lesson, on presents itself to us a hundred years later ; which al] eyes might be directed, of what self- but then as now, perhaps then more than now, sacrifice at its best can mean, and that a stimu- the perils which surround the lives of seafaring lus should be given to all kinds of thoughtful men on the coasts of our island home were and deliberate self-surrender and self-sacrifice great and real, and the first thought which for the good of others, whereof the gallant actuated him and those who supported him men who man our Life-boats are but the then was doubtless the humanitarian thought object lesson and example to us all. It gets of the saving of life on the part of those to down to our national life, and gets to the very whom the community owes so much. The depths of the things for which we care most. resolution which was moved here in the city Therefore I feel that the Church, as represented of London one hundred years ago, on this very by the man who holds the chief office in it, is day, and perhaps at this very hour, was in its right place when, in a matter which con- " That an institution be now formed for the cerns the deepest life of us all, it takes the lead preservation of life in cases of shipwreck on in doing that which so markedly brings home the coasts of the United Kingdom, to be to everybody, both what is practicable and supported by donations and annual subscrip- what is possible as regards the common duties tions, and to be called The National Institution and obligations of our English life. for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck." But, my Lord Mayor, there is another I believe it in every sense to be a good thing reason why it is appropriate that the man who that that work should be carried on by the holds the office of Archbishop of Canterbury voluntary and enthusiastic support of those should be the speaker on this occasion. I have who care, rather than by contributions from a no doubt that Archbishop Manners Sutton central or Governmental source, which gives said what I am going to say to-day. The no sense of the real donations of those who dangers are great in stormy times on most would contribute. I am certain that we gain parts of the British coast, but there is no part by the fact that the Institution has stood from of the British coast on which the perils, and the first upon these voluntary lines ; and the the need for help, are greater, and on which way in which it has grown from strength to shipwrecks are more numerous than in the strength, and advanced bit by bit while the south-east corner of the British Islands—that decades have passed, has shown how closely bit of Kent which juts out into the sea, and is it has been in touch with the best thoughts, so surrounded by stormy water, on a difficult the best impulses, and the best endeavours of coast, with cliffs rising from the sea, and the the people who in these large matters really Goodwin Sands just outside. That coast, or care. The need then, unfortunately, was as a great part of it, is in the diocese of Canter- great as it is now, except that shipping was not bury. Canterbury itself lies in that angle of so extensive in amount, but the mode which England on the coastline of which these perils up to that time had been in existence for bring- are rife, and we have all round us, from Margate ing help where help was needed was of the to Dungeness, Station after Station of Life- most haphazard kind. One coast line after boats. It is brought home to one who is con- another was practically without such aid, and stantly on that coastline what the reality of it would seem that in some of the places where that need is, and he rejoices in knowing that

E 1 138 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924- there, if anywhere on our coasts, Life-boats that I have many speakers after me who will have been adequately supplied, adequately take up the theme and address you, especially manned, and triumphant in their results. Mr. Austen Chamberlain, who is going to sup- There is hardly any station, if there be any port this resolution (applause), I will be brief ; on the coasts of the British Islands, where aud^uay I say, if Mr. Chamberlain will forgive the Life-boat Service is more required than at me, I am looking forward with added interest Ramsgate. Ramsgate lies in a centre of peril, to what he is going to say, because he told me and has been able during a long course of years he had been basing some of his remarks 00 the to contribute in a great degree to the work we presence of the Prime Minister (laughter), and are contemplating to-day. Something like it will be interesting to see how, with his readi- 1,200 lives have been rescued by the Life- ness of speech and his flair for debate, he will boats of Ramsgate alone. be able to transfer those premature remarks Therefore I find a special local appropriate- to the person of the First Lord of the ness, a sentimental appropriateness, in being Admiralty. In view of the speakers to follow allowed to stand here to-day to advocate, as me, I propose to confine my remarks more my predecessor did one hundred years ago, a especially to the naval aspect of this great Cause which ought to be in all our hearts, a ROYAL NATIONAL LITE-BOAT INSTITUTION. Cause in which every one of us is able by the What are the facts which are recorded for contributions we give to bear some little part us in the Report now before us ? First of all, towards the common good. for the past hundred years we have had this great Service established round our shores, I was yesterday in Oxford. I believe developing from thirty-nine Life-boats one hun- Oxford is about as far from the coast as almost dred years ago to 230 to-day, which guard every any town you can find in England, but Oxford dangerous spot upon our coasts, and, in that is one of the places which contribute most time, 60,000 lives have been rescued. In the substantially to the aid of this Institution, second place, there have been during the past because those who are there have been thought- year some 12,000 men afloat, for practice or fully stimulated to remember what they, like otherwise, in our Life-boats, and, thirdly, all of us, owe to the seamen who are imperilling notwithstanding the dangers to which these their lives for the good of us all, and whom men have been exposed, there has been during we desire to protect in every way from those the past year no loss of life to the crews perils. Of course, if one takes one part of (applause)—an outstanding proof, if proof England, it seems as if one forgets another were needed, of the skilful seamanship of the part, but I do not forget that north coast. Coxswains. Now what I want you to think South Shields has been most remarkable in of this afternoon is> what these facts mean in the story of Life-boat work. The first Life- the matter of what I would term the sea-sense boat had its origin there, and there were of our people. I pass over, because it is not people 120 years ago, long before this Institu- germane to my point, the fact that 60,000 tion was founded, who tried, and actually did, lives have been saved and come to this, that, set on foot a local Life-boat Service. year by year, this Institution has made an With all my heart do I plead for the Cause appeal for help to the maritime ranks, and that for which you have been good enough to bring appeal has never been made in vain. Year us together, that we may foster it in a most by year it has trained men to the sea under the appropriate way in this appropriate spot. I most exacting conditions, and requiring a plead for it because it matters to us all, and I knowledge of seamanship which cannot be am quite sure that the plea, if it goes out surpassed, and year by year it has furnished to-day, will not be made in vain. (Applause.) records of courage, of endeavour, of endurance and humanity, the mere recitals of which are LORD CHBLMSEOR.D : My Lord Mayor, Your in themselves a great instruction, keeping before Royal Highness, ladies and gentlemen, my our youth what men can do and dare. first duty this afternoon is to express on behalf of the feme Minister his very sincere regret From first to last the naval power of this that pressure of Parliamentary duties prevents country has been based on the sea-sense of our him from being here and from seconding people. We have come to regard the sea as the resolution which has been moved by the particularly and peculiarly our own, and the most reverend Primate. I feel sure you also call of the sea has been a call which has always will regret his absence, because the presence evoked a response from our youths. Now I of the Prime Minister of Great Britain always can conceive no more striking manifestation adds a distinction to any meeting. I can say, of this sea-sense than the wonderful -work too, from conversation with the Prime Minister, which has been done by our maritime popula- that he would have been able to tell you of tion under the auspices of THE ROYAL his own personal experience of this great NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION. Nor can Life-boat Service, because from Lossiemouth, I conceive an appeal more valuable to this where he lives, he has seen the Life-boats at sea-sense in these days, when our maritime work doing their wonderful deeds. It is population forms so small a proportion to the obvious that no member of the Government rest of the population of this great country. can adequately represent the Prime Minister One more word in support of the resolution at a gathering such as this, but I think it is not which I have to propose for your acceptance. inappropriate that if there is to be a member We desire to place on record our hearty of the Government present, it should be the appreciation of the gallantry of the Coxswains First Lord of the Admiralty. From the fact and Crews. Courage is a quality which defies JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 139 analysis, and defies definition, but I imagine unknown anywhere throughout the world. you will all agree with me in regarding three- Let us be thankful that we who have paid the o'cloek-in-the-morning courage as its supreme price of Admiralty—our country and our type (applause); by which I mean that jountrymen—and are the great seafaring readiness to go out from warmth and comfort nation before all others, were pioneers in this in cold blood to face danger and death. That ;reat '. rviee of humanity, and add that to is the nature of the courage that has been our credit as a nation and a people. (Applause.) shown by our Life-boat Crews, and that is the courage of which I am sure you are all wishful My Lord Mayor, I do not want to be disagree- this afternoon to express your appreciation. able to any one on an occasion like this—I It has been a great privilege, ladies and gentle- lave plenty of opportunities of making myself men, for me to assist at this gathering this disagreeable in another sphere ; but there is afternoon. I will now second the resolution one matter in the history of this Institution and in its present-day conditions which is not which has been put before you by the most satisfactory. I should think it was a mere reverend Primate. (Applause.) accident, some fault of organization, if it were The CHAIRMAN : I will now ask Mr. Austen not the case that a year or two ago the same Chamberlain to support the resolution. ting struck the late Prime Minister, then President of the Board of Trade, when presiding Mr. AUSTEN CHAMBERLAIN : My Lord at one of your annual meetings. My Lord Mayor, Your Royal Highness, my Lords, Mayor, Your Royal Highness, ladies and ladies and gentlemen, when a good resolution gentlemen, I do want to make a serious has been well proposed and well seconded, it appeal to the shipping community of this would not be necessary in any country but our country to give that measure of support to own that another speech should be made in this Institution which they, above all men in support of it. (Laughter.) The Archbishop this country, owe to it. (Applause.) The of Canterbury raises by his office no possibility income of the Institution last year was—giving of misconception or of discord, but a member you round figures—£230,000. In 1921 the of the Government has spoken, and you cannot contribution of all the shipping firms in the keep politics out of our gatherings except by United Kingdom was under £2,000 ; in 1922, bringing political parties in. Accordingly, a including £600 in special gifts, it was less than member of the Government having spoken, £3,000; last year it was only £2,300. The Sir Donald MacLean and I are here to show whole shipping community of Great Britain that there is no guile in the man—on this contributed last year less than four times the occasion (laughter)—and to give our certificate contributions made by foreign shipping firms. to all that he has said this afternoon. That is That is not right; it is not creditable ; and I really, ladies and gentlemen, the only reason am sure that if the chambers of shipping in why I speak, or have been asked to speak, the United Kingdom and the leaders of ship- except a slight misconception entertained by ping were to take the matter up, they could the Secretary of this Institution, who appeared show very much better results. There are to think that at some point in my public career nearly 2,000 shipping firms in the British I had been First Lord of the Admiralty. Now Islands ; less than 300 of them find a place in there he touched me, for my earliest, and it the list of subscribers to this Institution. would be very nearly true to say, my only political ambition, was—when I entered office Now, my Lord Mayor, I have made myself as Civil Lord of the Admiralty, and thus quite disagreeable enough, and I say no more became acquainted with the men of the sea— than that, but I have a bone to pick with to end my official career at some period when Lord Chelmsford. (Laughter.) He is a I had risen to such measure of dignity and member of a Government very new to office, influence as might be my lot, as First Lord, and very inexperienced in it, and he has done the post which Lord Chelmsford holds. But, what Sir Donald MacLean or I, members of the like most ambitions, it has not been realised. older parties, would not do; he has revealed What then shall I say ? My Lord Mayor, this in the House of Commons what we call, in is a great national occasion, and we do well to common parlance, a conversation behind the commemorate it as such, but it is something Chair. Well, I had a thought which I could more—it is a great international occasion, for have expressed quite confidently if the Prime the Institution whose hundredth birthday we Minister had represented the Government, are celebrating has been the pioneer, the but what troubles me is that I do not quite model and the exemplar of similar services know how far Lord Chelmsford agrees with the throughout the civilized world. There will be Prime Minister. (Laughter.) But I sTspose published, and I do not wish to anticipate the it would be polite to assume that they iave publication, messages from sister services all one mind on the great issues which divide over the world, alike in the British Dominions public opinion at the present time. I think, and in foreign countries which greet this therefore, I need not be disturbed by the fact anniversary. Surely, Sir, no more remarkable that the Prime Minister is absent, and that work was done by two private individuals than Lord Chelmsford represents him. You would that done by the founders of this great Institu- not expect to see me and a member of the tion. I suppose when they established it a Government on the same platform at the hundred years ago, wrecking was still a no1 present time. We are divided profoundly on unprofitable occupation on some parts even many questions, but first and foremost, as to of our coast, and the systematic provision ol what should be the limits of Government any means of saving life from shipwreck was action and of individual enterprise. If we 140 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924. I were sitting down, Lord Chelmsford, or the port, just as the Service itself is the expres- Prime Minister, and I, and Sir Donald Mac Lean sion of voluntary self-sacrifice for the Life- —if we four were sitting down with a clean boat Cause, pledge themselves to do all in slate to devise a constitution for a new their power to secure a widening and country, and to define the sphere of its Govern- increasing measure of support for the Life- mental activities, I suppose there is no subject boat Service." which we should more readily agree was more suited to State action, rather than to indi- My Lord Mayor, Your Royal Highness, my vidual enterprise, than the organization of a Lords, ladies and gentlemen, on an occasion Life-boat Service round the coasts of our like this, the Centenary of a great Sea Institu- country. (Applause.) And yet here we are tion, it is a great privilege to be here to speak all celebrating the Centenary of a Voluntary as a brother seaman to Life-boatmen. I am Institution which has owed nothing but good not speaking quite for the Admiralty, because will to any Government that has existed during the First Lord, whom we all bow to, has the whole hundred years of its life, and which spoken, and a would-be First Lord has also has organized this Service, developed it, spoken. I can only speak as a seaman, who carried it on so efficiently, with such energy, feels that we ought to be proud of this Institu- with such adaptation to the march of science tion. 1 think, too, that I ought also to speak and the progress of invention, that not even for the Army. A soldier started it, and I Lord Chelmsford would wish to convert it think the Institution shows that we are not into a Government service, or would not haiL such bloodthirsty people as people sometimes this great Institution as the best means by think. THE ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT which the Life-boat Service could be con- INSTITUTION and the men in its service are tinued in the future as it was originated, and rather a sister Service with the Navy. The as it has been carried on in the past. I come Navy defends the country from enemies, and to something more remarkable still. Other prevents war ; the Life-boat Service defends countries have been much more disposed to the people who are in peril of their lives. We rely upon Government initiative and Govern- are very similar, and we are all seamen. But ment aid than our own. It is the glory of this I bow my head to the Life-boatman, who is Institution that it has done its work so well probably a better seaman than the Navy man, without Government assistance—I return, as because he has to rough it in much harder you see, to my first thesis, that this is not circumstances. merely a national, but an international It is a very interesting fact, which we do Institution—it is the glory of this Institution not all realize, that the great merchants of that so well, so triumphantly has it done its Brentford, who started from London, gave us a work, that I believe amongst all the countries sea route, and by the development of trade which have an organized Life-boat Service, have given us a communication right across there are only three which have not been the seas. I hope people will never forget how captivated by our example, and have not made we defend them coming across the seas, but as their service a voluntary, though sometimes a the Archbishop has mentioned, they have State-aided, service. other perils to face, and against these an My Lord Mayor, Your Royal Highness, I Institution of this sort is a necessity. think that this is a remarkable record for any It is a wonderful record for the people of Institution. We hail its hundredth birthday ; this country to subscribe £230,000 a year, and we hope that its future will be as beneficent yet I notice' we want a little more, because as its past; and if I may say so—if I may there is £20,000 deficit. I feel that we as a think that what I feel is what the ordinary people should support the Institution, perhaps man and woman feel—when we in our several more generously and widely. I was reading in ways try to do our duty to our country and the paper yesterday that one of the inland our time, we are immensely helped by the counties, Northamptonshire, is raising £10,000 conspicuous instances of self-sacrifice and for a Motor Life-boat. It shows that the sea- heroism which the Life-boat Service offers to sense goes right through the nation, and it is our eyes. (Applause.) because of that sea-sense that we see such a The CHAIRMAN : You have heard the resolu- large audience here to-day supporting this tion read, which has been proposed, seconded Institution. Coming up in the train to-day I and supported. I will now put it: all those read a notice in a paper of a wreck and the in favour of the resolution will signify the work of a Life-boat, and if you will allow me, same in the usual manner. On the contrary ? I will read it to you. " During the rough Carried unanimously. weather in the Channel early yesterday morn- I will now ask Admiral of the Fleet Sir ing flares at sea were seen by the coast watcher Doveton Sturdee to move a resolution. at Hythe, and the Life-boat was launched just before 5 A.M., but after an adventurous Admiral Sir DOVETOS STTIRDEE : The resolu- voyage it returned without having found any tion is as follows :— vessel in distress.'' I have read that, ladies and " That those present at this, the Cen- gentlemen, just to show you what is going on tenary Meeting of THE ROYAL NATIONAL daily. LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, approving of the This Institution has a great record, and I principles laid down by Sir William Hillary hope, and I am sure, that it is thoroughly that the Life-boat Service should be founded recognized by this meeting. The Navy, of upon the widest possible measure of sup- course, is very much interested in the Life- JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 141 boat Institution. It did good service in the These men receive some reward for their War. The Army is interested too. The efforts, but I am sure the reward they appre- Institution has helped the Army, and I have ciate most is the kind of recognition which no doubt that the Air Service has also been was given by the Prince to-day—no money materially helped by it. You have heard payment, but a token of national recognition about the courage and endurance of these of unselfish individual heroism. I believe grand men, and I will not weary you, except to it is still true of the ropes which are need in the say how thoroughly we appreciate their skilful Navy that there is one strand which is coloured, service, and the good work which has been done running right through the rope; and that by this private Institution. It is a great thing coloured stand of voluntary effort is the most to feel that philanthropy can still do good important part of our national life. I hope work without Government support. The that this great Service never will be nation- Institution is so truly British, and long may it alized, but always will give the public a chance remain individual, independent, and not to contribute a voluntary levy—let it be a always looking to the Government for financial capital levy in this case, as long as it is volun- assistance, when we can carry on ourselves. tary—to so splendid a work as this. (Applause.) (Hear, hear.) I remember reading some year or two ago of With those words I propose the resolution. a wounded soldier struggling with a number of parcels, and a lady who met him said, " Let The CHAIRMAN: Sir Donald MacLean will me help you; I see you have lost an arm." second the resolution. " No, madam," he said with a cheery smile, Sir DONALD MACLEAN : My Lord Mayor, " I have not lost my arm; I gave it." Your Royal Highness, my Lords, ladies and (Applause.) gentlemen, it is always interesting on occasions The LORD MAYOR of LIVERPOOL : My Lord of this kind, which relate to the sea, to notice Mayor, Your Royal Highness, my Lords, how closely linked His Majesty's Naval Forces ladies and gentlemen, we have listened to are with the civil side of our ships at sea. some brilliant speeches by brilliant men, but That union which has long existed between not a word too much has been or could be both seta of men at sea was developed, said in furthering the Cause that we have at strengthened, and, indeed, consecrated by heart. I am here this afternoon as Lord their common sacrifice during the late War. Mayor of the great City and Port of Liverpool, So that the testimony which has been given and thereby as President of one of the Institu- by the gallant Admiral, who has just spoken tion's largest and, I am delighted to say, most to this essential civilian service, is one which generously supported branches. I am also comes with peculiar grace and effectiveness at here, apart from representing Liverpool, the present moment. representing thousands of voluntary workers I suppose I am the last of the political crew throughout the country. We have all been to step into the boat this afternoon. That, I delighted to read the report of the remarkable may add, is, as a rule, the duty of the Coxswain. progress of the Institution during the last (Hear, hear.) I am glad to note something 100 years, of the saving of 60,000 lives, the towards general approval of that statement. development from the £150 Life-boat to the (Laughter.) But here, at any rate, we are all £10,000 modern Motor Life-boat; the contrast pulling together, and I hope and believe that between the expenditure in the first years of the rank and file of all political parties, and £1,800 as against £230,000 last year—practi- those who belong to no political party, will cally a quarter of a million. do all they can for this great and noble My Lord Mayor, this afternoon, if I may, I Service. should like to pay a special tribute to the Life- The resolution which I am seconding has for boatmen, for we recognize that this great its main theme the splendid ideal of voluntary work is only done by the co-ordination and service in a great national effort. I am not co-operation, first of all, of the generous one of those—indeed, I suppose there are none British public, then of the voluntary workers, of them left nowadays—-who believe that the and lastly, of the men who man the boats. State can do no good; but I should imagine And may I pay » special tribute as » ship- the solution of our problem is to be arrived owner. I say this with considerable diffidence, at by an admixture of State and voluntary feeling acutely my position, after what Mr. effort. Therefore I do not see why the State Austen Chamberlain said. We recognize that should not contribute to such a splendid the men who man the boats are largely drawn Service as this—so long as it does not interfere from the men who populate our fishing vil- with the working of it (Laughter and ap- lages, and that the wide experience gained by plause), and I hope that suggestion, which I them in fighting the storms, they give freely imagine comes with a whole heart from this and voluntarily in the succour of those in peril meeting, will be passed on to the Chancellor of on the sea. Their endurance and courage, and the Exchequer by the First Lord of the Ad- splendid seamanship have been shown in miralty. But it is profoundly true of British hundreds of cases round our coasts, and life, perhaps more than of the life of any other perhaps their spirit cannot be better described nation in the world, that individual effort, than in the words of one William Aylett, who backed up by a spirit of self-sacrifice, has was awarded the Gold Medal of the Institution pulled this nation of ours through most of its on the occasion of the disaster of the Caister troubles, and I believe that is the real main, Life-boat, He lost two sons and a grandson, spring of the success of the great movement, and at the inquest, when it was suggested that 142 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924. the Life-boat had turned about and given up the future of this Institution. I feel quite the fight, he said indignantly, though he was sure that one of the results will be the deepening a man of seventy-eight, " Caister Life-boatmen and widening tie interest taken in the Life-boat never turn back." It is remarkable that, even Cause by this great city, and by other corpora- when they grow old, our Life-boatmen do not tions, particularly those which are most closely seem to lose their powers of endurance and associated with maritime affairs. I would bravery. The founder of the Institution, Sir include in this vote of thanks the distinguished William Hillary, was a Life-boatman until he speakers who have come here to-day to pay a was sixty; and remember that during the noble tribute to a noble Cause. Great War it was the old men who carried on At this point I should like to read a telegram the Service when the young men had joined up which I have received: " On this historic in the Navy. Not only the men, but the women occasion, the Centenary Meeting of THE of our fishing villages show the same brave ROYAL NATIONAL LIFB-BOAT INSTITUTION, the spirit. It requires great courage and endurance Manchester and Salford Branch, second only in the middle of a night, in a snowstorm, foi to London in its contributions, send con- these women to turn out and help to drag the gratulations and good wishes to the President Life-boat through the soft sands and launch it and Committee of Management, and rejoice while waist-deep in the boiling waves. That that a hundred years of Life-boat work has is what they do; they look on it as their duty resulted in the saving of nearly 60,000 lives. •when the call goes for their men to man the Manchester and Salford this year resolved to Life-boats. present latest type Motor Life-boat to Institu- Sir William Hillary, -with his prevision and tion, and so show appreciation of courage, powers of organization, foreshadowed that not devotion and heroism, ever displayed by only would he have the assistance of these Life-boat crews." (Applause.) That is from men and women in the work, but that men and the Lord Mayor of Manchester, and it is signed women all over the country would rally to the also by other gentlemen. I will send an Cause ; and they have done that. There are appropriate reply. over 800 Life-boat Committees in the country Ladies and gentlemen, as you probably which collect over £85,000, and just think— know, I am leaving the country for South the women of the country provide something Africa in May, and therefore I am afraid I like one-third of the revenue. I feel that this shall not be able to preside at any meeting Centenary Meeting will do much towards the of th§ Institution during the coming centenary great Cause, and on behalf of the thousands year, so that I should like to take this oppor- of voluntary workers throughout the country, tunity, as President, of expressing my heartiest I may say we are delighted to serve under the thanks to the Committee of Management, the Presidency of Your Royal Highness. I should Honorary Secretaries, the President and mem- like to tender their congratulations to you on bers of the Ladies' Life-boat Guild, and the this auspicious day, and I say on their behalf thousands of voluntary workers throughout that they renew the pledge to do all that it is the country who have devoted themselves to in their power, to protect the lives of those who furthering the interests of the Life-boat Cause, go down to the sea in ships and do their not only in the maritime districts, but also business in great waters. I have very much in the heart of the United Kingdom. I should pleasure in supporting the resolution. (Ap- like them to know that I take a very deep lause.) interest in this noble Service and its gallant (The resolution was then put to the. Meeting Coxswains and Crews, and that I attach great and carried.) value to the work done by all in this great H.U.H. THE PRINCE OF WALKS : My Lord Cause. (Applause.) Mayor, my Lords, ladies and gentlemen, I will ask Sir Godfrey Baring, the Chairman it is a very interesting duty I have to perform, of the Institution, to second the motion. that of moving a vote of thanks to you, my Lord Mayor, for placing this hall at the disposal Sir GODFKEY BAKING : My Lord Mayor, my of the Institution. Speakers have referred to Lords, ladies and gentlemen, it would be the fact that the Institution was founded in unpardonable if I attempted to add more this great city of London, and I cannot than a sentence or two to the resolution of imagine anything more appropriate than that thanks which has been proposed in such its hundredth anniversary should be celebrated felicitous terms by His Royal Highness. I under your auspices in this Mansion House in wish to assure you that the Committee of the heart of the civic life of London. My Lord Management are doubly grateful to you for Mayor, you represent the city of London, and your kindness in allowing us to meet in this London is the heart and centre of our great historic hall under such delightful conditions. maritime Empire. There is no town in the We are, further, doubly appreciative of the world where interests are more closely con- most admirable, helpful and persuasive nected with the sea, and which must, there- speeches which have been made on behalf fore, take a greater pride in the humane and of the Institution at this Meeting. Those heroic work of the Life-boat Service than speeches will constitute to our Life-boatmen London. a reward for the past, an encouragement in the present, and an inspiration for the future. I thank you, my Lord Mayor, not only for It is true that at one moment during the your hospitality to us this afternoon, but for Meeting there was some high tension, during the significance which this meeting has for the admirable speech delivered by Mr. JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 143 Chamberlain, when Mr. Chamberlain was Ladies and gentlemen, I will say no more, separated from the Admiralty by a high except to ask you to carry this vote of thanks dignitary of the Church, by Your Royal to the Lord Mayor by acclamation. (Applause.) Highness, and by a substantial piece of furniture. However, that tension is past, and The CHAIRMAN : I am very much obliged to we are ending our Meeting in perfect peace and you for the vote of thanks which you have amity. There is only one circumstance we passed to me for presiding, and to the speakers have to deplore, and that is the absence, owing who have addressed you. It has been to me a to rather serious illness, of our Secretary, Mr. most interesting occasion, emphasized by the George Shee. For fourteen years Mr. Shee has fact that this great Institution was founded in fulfilled the anxious and onerous duties of the city of London one hundred years ago, that Secretary with real distinction. By his great I as Lord Mayor should be presiding at this ability, his unflagging zeal, and conspicuous eat Meeting to celebrate its centenary, and powers of organization, he has rendered great f can only express the fervent hope that this and valuable service to the Institution, and I good work may be continued for many years am sure I express the wish of every one present to come, and that the bi-centenary of this when I express the earnest hope that he may Institution may taken place in this very hall, shortly be restored to his usual health, and presided over by one of my successors. once more direct our affairs. (Applause.)

Annual General Meeting of the Governors. THE Annual General Meeting was held The Most Hon. the Marquis of Graham, C.B., C.V.O. at the Mansion House, in the morning The Right Hon. the Earl of Derby, K.G., P.C., of March 4th, 1924, for the purpose of G.C.V.O., C.B. dealing with statutory business, S r The Earl of Albemarle, K.C.V.O., C.B., A.D.C. Godfrey Baring, Bt., Chairman of the The Right Hon. the Earl of Rosebery, K.G., K.T., P.C. Committee, presiding. The Right Hon. the Earl Waldegrave, P.C. The CHAIRMAN : The first business is the The Earl of Lonsdale. presentation of the Annual Report. Every Admiral of the Fleet the Viscount Jellicoe of lady and gentleman is in possession of a copy, Scapa, O.M., G.C.B., G.C.V.O. and in the usual way the Report will be circu- The Viscount Burnham, C.H., T.D. lated to all our Governors in every part of the The Right Hon. the Lord Strathclyde, P.C., country, with a statement of the accounts. G.B.E. I should like to ask any lady and gentleman Commodore Sir Richard Henry Williams- if they have anything to say with regard to Bulkeley, Bt., K.C.B., R.N.R. the Report and accounts. Sir Godfrey Baring, Bt. (The Report was accepted.) Harry Hargood, Esq., O.B.E. Then we will proceed to the election of Noel E. Peck, Esq. the President, Vice-President, Committee of Management, and Auditors for the ensuing Treasurer. year, and I will call on the Deputy Secretary The Earl of Harrowby. to read the names of those who have been Committee of Management. selected. The President. The Vice-Presidents. (The Deputy Secretary read the list of nomina- The Treasurer. tions.) Sir Godfrey Baring, Bt., Chairman. The Hon. George Colville, Deputy-Chairman. President. Frederick Cavendish Bentinck, Esq. H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, K.G. The Lord Brownlow. Vice-Presidents. Major Sir Maurice Cameron, K.C.M.G. Ciptain Charles J. P. Cave. His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, Colonel Lord William Cecil, C.V.O. G.C.V.O. Kenneth M. Clark, Esq. His Grace the Duke of Leeds. Harold D. Clayton, Esq. His Grace the Duke of Atholl, K.T., P.O., Sir William Corry, Bt. G.C.V.O., C.B., D.S.O. J. J. Crosfield, Esq. His Grace the Duke of Portland, K.G., P.C., Sir John G. Gumming, K.C.I.E., C.S.I. G.C.V.O. Captain the Viscount Curzon, R.N.V.R., M.P. His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, Captain S. M. Day, C.B., D.S.O., A.D.C., C.B.E., M.V.O. R.N.R. The Most Hon. the Marquis of Ailsa. Henry R. Fargus, Esq. The Most Hon. the Marquis of Aberdeen and John Bevill Fortescue, Esq. Temair, K.T., P.O., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O. Thomas B, Gabriel, Esq. 144 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924. R. H. Gillespie, Esq. Major-Genera] the Right Hon. John E. Bernard B. A. Glanviil, Esq. Seely, C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., M.P. Engineer Vice-Admiral Sir George G. Goodwin, Commander F. F. Tower, O.B.E., late K.C.B. R.N.V.R. V;ce-Admiral Sir Lionel Halsey, G.C.V.O., The Lord Tredegar, O.B.E. K.C.M.G., K.C.I.B., C.B. The Lord Mayor of London. The Earl of Hardwicke. The Admiral Commanding Reserves (Vice- Captain G. C. Hoiloway, O.B.E., R.D., R.N.R. Admiral Sir H. H. D. Tothill, K.C.B., Admiral Sir Thos. H. M. Jerram, G.C.M.G., K.C.M.G., K.C.V.O.). K.C.B. The Deputy Master of the Trinity House Sir Wopdbum Kirby. (Captain Sir Herbert Acton Blake, K.C.M.G., Brigadier-General Noel M. Lake, C.B. K.C.V.O.). John F. Lamb, Esq. The Hydrographer of the Admiralty (Rear- Herbert F. Laacashire, Esq. Admiral Frederick C. Learmonth, C.B., Colonel Sir A. Henry McMahon, G.C.M.G., C.B.E.). G.C.V.O., K.C.I.E., C.S.I. The Chairman of Lloyd's. The Right Hon. Ian Macpherson, K.C., M.P. Commander Sir Harry Mainwaring, Bt., Au&itora. R.N.V.R. Messrs. Price, Waterhouse & Co. General Sir Charles Monro, Bt., G.C.B., The CHAIRMAN : No other names having G.C.M.G.. G.C.S.I., A.D.C. General. been communicated, under the provisions of Captain George B. Preston. bye-law 9, section 3, I declare these various The Right Hon. F. 0. Roberts, M.P. gentlemen to have been elected to those Engineer Rear-Admiral Charles Rudd. offices. The Right Hon. Walter Runciman. That concludes the proceedings.

Messages of Congratulation from Abroad. ON 4th March, the hundredth birth- " Our best congratulations with your day of the Institution, the following Institution's hundredth anniversary. telegrams of congratulation were received "'South Holland Life-boat Society." from abroad—from foreign Governments, Life-boat Services and Shipping and NORWAY. Sailors' Societies. They are another tribute to the Institution's work for the " Highly appreciating humane work seafarers of all nations, which all Life- of the Royal National Life-boat Institu- boat workers in this country should read tion . Norwegian Government send their with special pleasure. best wishes on occasion celebration hun- dredth anniversary, with heartfelt thanks DENMARK. for assistance rendered numerous Nor- " The Danish Marine Ministry con- wegians during past hundred years. gratulates the Institution on the hun- " MICHELET, dredth anniversary of its foundation. " Minister Foreign Affairs." "S. BRORSES." • FRANCE. " The Norwegian Life-boat Institu- " La Soeiete Humaine et des Nau- tion forwards to you our heartiest con- gratulations. Our colours are fluttering frages Boulogne-sur-Mer, a Society essen- from the mastheads of every Norwegian tially Franco-British, founded 1825, Life-saving ketch to-day. sends warmest wishes of success to its elder sister for celebration of Centenary." " ANTON POULSSON, President. " OTTAK VOGT, Secretary." HOLLAND. " On this day of rejoicing on which " The Norwegian Shipowners' Asso- your Society looks back on the splendid ciation wish to associate themselves with achieved work of a century of life-saving, all the shipping world in giving expres- we offer you our heartfelt congratula- sion to the sincere gratitude felt towards tions. you for the splendid services rendered " H. DE BOOY, Secretary, to humanity during a century. " North and South Holland " HENKIKSEN, President. Life-Saving Society." " KLAVENESS, General Manager." JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 145 " 8th District of Norwegian Society " Accept my respectful congratulation for the Eescue of the Shipwrecked, send on the hundredth anniversary of your their heartiest congratulations and benevolent Society. thanks for your splendid work through " HANSEN, Inspector-General of 100 years. Shipping and Navigation." " KLAUS REIMERS, Chairman." * " Our heartiest and thankful congratu- RUSSIA. lations. " Sincere congratulations with the " The Norwegian Marine Engineers' centenary of the ROYAL NATIONAL Federation." LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION and the best " On your Centenary we send our wishes of further success in its humani- members' heartiest thanks to all and tarian work. best wishes for the future. " Chief Central Maritime Depart- " Norwegian Mates' Association." ment. People's Commissariat Ways Communication, Moscow." " Hearty congratulation and sym- pathy with the Centenary jubilee." SWEDEN. " CHRISTENSEN, President, National Union of Norwegian Sailors," " Please accept our heartfelt thanks for your devoted work during a century " The Norwegian Shipmasters' Asso- in assisting shipwrecked mariners. ciation tender their heartiest congratu- " LARSON, Chairman, lations, with thanks, for the honoured " Swedish Master Mariners' Society." Institution's benevolent life-saving work during hundred years." " In expressing their great admiration " The best wishes for 100-Years Day and gratitude for the noble work volun- from Norwegian Sailors and Firemen's tarily displayed by your Institution to Union. the benefit of all seafaring nations, the " A BIRKELAND, President." Swedish Shipowners' Association have the honour to present their compliments * Captain Klaus Reimers, among other decorations for gallantry in saving life, holds on your hundredth anniversary. a Gold Medal from the British Government. " DAN BROSTRCEM, President."

The Institution's First Gold Medallist. AT the end of the first Annual Report of her, if he could get through the surf, the Institution, published on 10th March, which, fastening a small line to his body, 1825, is a list of thirty-two services for he effected; but the crew were afraid which it had given rewards during its to adopt Captain Freemantle's directions, first year. The first of these services took and (after, cutting the boats clear but the place on 10th July, 1824, and for it the decks falling in, and the sea making a Institution awarded its first gold medal breach over her, they filled and were (or as it was then called medallion) for rendered useless) he was compelled, for gallantry in saving life from shipwreck. his own preservation, to leave the wreck, The vessel was a Swedish brig wrecked and endeavour to get on shore ; which off Christchurch, on the Hampshire coast, being unable to accomplish by his own and the medallion was awarded to exertions, he was hauled on shore by Captain Fremantle, R.N. The brief the line, in an exhausted and insensible story of the service as told in the Report state. The crew eventually got on shore is as follows :—• on the wreck of the mast, after the vessel " Captain Freemantle, seeing the brig had parted." broadside on the shore, with loss of main Evidently that day a gale was blowing mast, and striking on the shore so heavily alTalong the south coast, for at Mount's that it was feared she would go to pieces, Bay in Cornwall, and at Brighton, there thought it practicable to swim on board were services, resulting in the rescue of

E 2 146 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924. eleven lives, for which the Institution in the Coast Guard, who performed the awarded its first three Silver Medals. feat referred to—his name was Charles When the Institution decided to invite Howe Fremantle, he became a Port to the Centenary Meeting the descendants Captain in 1826. I was his Flag Lieu- of those who had taken part in the origi- tenant in the Channel '58-60, and he sub- nal meeting on 4th March, 1824, it wrote sequently became C.-in-C. at Plymouth to Admiral the Hon. Sir Edmund Fre- and died as Sir Charles Fremantle, mantle, G.C.B., now in his eighty-ninth G.C.B. I knew of the circumstances year, thinking that he might be a member referred to. My uncle saw a good deal of the same family as Captain Freemantle. of service. Fremantle, in W. Australia, It found, as the Lord Mayor described was named after him. in his speech, that he was not only " If I am invited, I will attend your Captain Freemantle's nephew, but had Mansion House meeting. I have not the served with him sixty years ago. We honour of a Life-boat Institution Medal, had never hoped when attempting to but I hold the Gold Medal of the Ship- reconstruct the past at our Centenary wrecked" Mariners' Society and the Stan- Meeting that we should be so fortunate hope Medal (Gold) of the Humane as to have with us one who knew and Society." served with the Institution's first Gold Vice-Admiral Sir Sydney R. Fremantle, Medallist, and Admiral Fremantle's Sir Edmund's son, also wrote :— letter giving us the particulars of his " I have made enquiry from my father, uncle deserves to be put on permanent Sir Edmund Fremantle, and find that record in the Journal. He wrote :•— your first Gold Medallist was my great- " I can give you the details about the uncle, afterwards Admiral Sir Charles Captain ' Freemantle,' to whom you refer Fremantle, who commanded the Channel as the first Gold Medallist. Fleet, and was Commander-in-Chief at " It was my uncle, then a commander Devonport."

Obituary. The Earl of Jersey, D.L, (]J>., Oxon.); and Mr. Courtenay H. Edmonds. BY the death of the Earl of Jersey the of the Institution's life he had been one Institution has lost a very warm friend of its honorary officers. It is a matter and supporter, who for a number of of great pride to the Institution that it years took a great and a personal interest has had, and has, so many honorary in the work of the Oxford Branch. He workers who, for the greater part of was High Steward of the City of Oxford, their lives, devote themselves to its and became a Patron of the Branch service, but no other has served the when he succeeded to the title in 1915. Life-boat cause for so long as Mr. Cynthia, Lady Jersey has now become a Edmonds. Patron of the Branch in Lord Jersey's Under his guidance the Exeter Branch place. was one of the most active in the King- With the death of Mr. Courtenay H. dom, and—in later years with the help Edmonds, of Exeter, at the end of 1923, of a well-organized Ladies' Committee— the Institution lost the oldest of its Hon- has raised many hundreds of pounds for orary Secretaries. Mr. Edmonds became the Life-boat cause. Honorary Secretary to the Exeter Branch In 1919, when Mr. Edmonds cele- when it was formed in 1869, and held brated his jubilee as Honorary Secre- that position until his death—a period tary, the Institution presented him with of fifty-four years. He died on the eve a piece of plate, as a small recognition of our Centenary, and for more than half of such exceptional and devoted service. JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 147

The Duke of Northumberland's Prize Essay Competition. IT will be remembered that this com- of a test of memory of mere facts. petition was started in 1918 and proved This year the subject was " The Value of a great success, over 5,000 schools taking the Life-boat Service to our Maritime part. It was continued in the two People." The result seems to suggest following years, and though each year j that the subject was beyond the capacity there was a considerable decrease in the of most of the competitors. Very few number of schools which sent in essays really touched the subject. The great the competition more than justified majority again simply retold the history itself. The general standard was high, of the Service, and these essays, however and the essays showed how clear and good in themselves, were necessarily valuable a knowledge of the work of put below those which attempted, how- the Life-boat Service was being given ever inadequately, to deal with the by the competition to thousands of national value of the Service. Some children. made no reference to ifc beyond the title. In normal circumstances the competi- Others were satisfied to dismiss it in a tion would have been continued yearly sentence, as did one essay which began with the consent and help which the " England's shores being so open to the great majority of Education Committees sea need protection, so I think the Life- willingly gave us. But in 1920 the cost boat Institution a very good thing." of printing was very high, and the Excellent—so far as it goes, but that is postage rates had just been increased. all that the writer says on the subject. In these circumstances the Committee of While practically all the essays showed Management reluctantly decided to post- a good understanding of the Life-boat pone the next competition until 1924, Service, we feel some disappointment and then to hold it as part of the that so few tried to do what was asked, Centenary celebrations. and that the great majority were content This has been done, and the competi- simply to repeat the lecture. tion has been carried out as before, While this fact prevents us from except that it was decided, in view of ranking high the essays as a whole, it is the political situation, to postpone it in only fair to say that the majority Ireland until another year. The results showed qualities which might perhaps have justified the resumption of the be summed up—apart from this general competition, although the number of failure—by the word correctness, in competing schools is much smaller than spelling, in punctuation, in English, and in the first year. in the facts about the Service. " Correct In the three previous competitions but uninspired" is our verdict on the the subject set was " The Heroic Work competition as a whole. There were not of the Life-boats," and all schools were wanting, however, original and uncon- supplied with a short lecture on the sciously humorous phrases showing history of the Institution, the teachers more perhaps than mere correctness that being asked to deliver this lecture the Life-boat Service had really touched before the essays were written. The the child's imagination. result of this was that the majority of Here is a sentence from a girl's essay, the essays retold this brief story of the j the rhetorical roll of which suggests forty Institution's history, while the bolder rather than fourteen at the beginning. and more imaginative competitors tried At the end it suddenly drops to the their hands at the description of a Life- 'teens. boat rescue. Either was, under the "It is not a very rare occurrence for title, admissible. a ship to be lost to the world beneath In the revived competition it was the waves of a vast and fathomless sea. decided to set a subject which would and it is in some such cases that the give more scope for thought and be less Life-boats prove their value. In these 148 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924. cases a great many pounds' worth of' ' Their service wrought upon the sea, jewellery has been saved." ? ^ of ^ame Mld ™to?y> TO. e • i -J ij.T-Tj.-ii- > An" people now theiL r tribute pay. The financial side of the Institution s, A^ £fel£ the Royal Life-boat Day." work not infrequently attracts the atten-1 tion of the essayist. In the following These verses—upon which we offer extract the piety is exemplary, though; tne author our congratulations—were the figures are incorrect. specially certified by the teacher to be " Last year we learn that the revenue the girl's own composition. The second was £150,000 against £7,000 for the poem;, less mature in style, but more previous year For this^we should sayjfyrical TnTfeeling, is not''certified, but a heartfelt ' Deo Gratias.' " i we feel Sure that it is also an original We are not likely to underestimate composition. the value of the Life-boat Service, but we must admit that one or two of the I'm on the Sea ! I'm on the Sea ! I am where I would ever be essays put its claims higher than we With the blue above and the blue below, should dare to do it. In one we read : And silence wheresoe'er I go. " We sing ' Britannia rules the waves,' If a storm should come and wake the deep, but we are only able to do so because of What matter ? I shall ride and sleep." a wonderful organization called the Royal National Life-boat Institution." ; Good. But it seems to suggest that Another competitor, a girl from Kent, ! the writer feels no particular need for attributes to our agricultural population a Life-boat Service. a terror of the sea, which we feel sure ' Of the six districts, Wales was the is exaggerated. ! least successful, sending in very few " The owners of large pleasure i essays and these poor in quality. In yachts," she writes, " need money to | previous years Ireland and Wales have pay the sailors, but people would never I formed one district for the purposes of embark, even for pleasure, if they knew the competition. This year, in view of there was no one who would endeavour the fact that the competition was not to save them, if any misfortune should j held in Ireland, and of the poor result happen. There are many young men in Wales, it has been decided, while in this country who are skilled farmers, awarding individual prizes to the Welsh and who wish to make enough money to ! schools, not to present the Challenge live on when they are old, and also , Shield. provide for their children. These men ! It is particularly interesting to note make up their minds to purchase land, I that none of the winning schools in the and as it is cheaper in our colonies some ' six Districts has previously held a decide to settle there. But only the i Challenge Shield, and we hope that this bravest of these men would cross the ! fact will be an incentive not only to ocean without feeling that the life-boats, i them, but to the schools which have situated all round the coast, would help headed their districts in previous years, them immediately they were in danger." to make a big effort next year. Not infrequently, in the previous The best essay in Great Britain is by competitions, essays were illustrated, Doris Potter, aged thirteen, of the and the winning essay for the whole of Priory Church Girls' School, Christ- Great Britain this year has a page of church, Hants, who thus not only wins pictures attached (this fact, of course, for her school the Challenge Shield for does not influence the awarding of the the Southern District, but for herself prize, the essay being judged solely on ; the Special Prize. Our congratulations its own merits), but this year, we think, ! both to her and to her school. She has for the first time we have had two pieces j the honour also of being the first in the of original verse. The first of the two south of England to win this Special poets is a girl, the second a boy. Prize. In 1918 it was won by the Midlands, and in 1919 and 1920 by " Upon the ocean dark and wide, 'Ireland. As in 1920, the best essa Jy The seamen earn their fame and pride, • , . , n • . , But those who now should share the fame, agam comes tio™ a glrl> and m otl*er Are Life-boatmen of honoured name. I ways it has been, as in 1920, a girl's year. JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 149 Whereas in 1918 and 1919 in four out of be through the cordial help of the the six districts the winners were boys, teachers. On them the success of the in 1920 five of them were girls, and in competition depends, and we offer them 1923 four of them are girls. our very grateful thanks for their help Now that the competition has been in reviving the competition in our resumed we hope that it will be con- Centenary year. tinued every year, and will attract an Particulars of the next competition increasing number of schools until it will be sent to the schools in the autumn, becomes a regular and recognized part and arrangements are being made at of the instruction of boys and girls in the once for the distribution of the prizes. history and achievements of their Below will be found the list of success- country. ful competitors, and the best essay for If we are to realize this aim it can only the whole country.

List of Successes in the Essay Competition. LONDON DISTRICT.

Age Name. when. School. given

Lottie Norman • 14 Sailers Hill Girls' School, West Norwood, S.E. 27. Owen Miller . Pelly Memorial Boys' School, West Ham, E. 15. A. Turtle . . . 11 Vernon Square School, King's Cross Road, W.C. 1. Phoebe Stratford. . Heston Mixed School, Heston, Middx. K. Simmons . 13 St. John's Boys' School, East Dulwich, S.E. 22. Mary E. Gildersleeve 13 The Lawrence Girls' School, Bethnal Green, E. 2. Doris M. E. Willats . Shaftesbury Road Girls' School, Forest Gate, E. 7. Lilian Beaven Credon Road, L.C.C. School, Rotherhithe New Road, S.E. Jessie Hefiernon . Woolwich C. of E. Girls' School, Kingsman Street, Woolwich. H. Perkiss . . St. James's Boys School, Enfield Highway, Middx.

RoseWythe . . Victoria Girls' School, Addiscombe Road, Watford. Matthew W. Smith Scarsdale Road L.C.C. School, Camberwell, S.E. 5. Doris Craig . . The Ingram Girls' School, Thornton Heath. Minnie McDonald Stamford Hill Girls' School, Vartry Road, N. 15. Lily Burn 13 Denmark Street Girls' School, Plaistow, E. 13. Mabel James . 12 Bell Street Girls' School, Marylebone. Lily Baskerfield . 14 South Mymms C. E. School, Barnet, Middx. Stanley G. Deackes 14 Plashet Lane Boys' School, East Ham, E. 6. Elsie King . . 13 Baring Road L.C.C. School, Lee, Lewisham, S.E. Percy Field . . St. George's C.E. Boys' School, New Road, Battersea, S.W. 8. Minnie Wickham Page Green Girls' School, Tottenham, N. 15. William F. Watling 12 Latham Road Boys' School, East Ham, E. 6. Douglas Beckley . Mortlake Central Boys' School, Lower Richmond Road, Mortlake, S.W. 14. Ruby Gipps 13 Forest Road Girls' School, Walthamstow, E. 17. Ella Leslie The Beulah Girls' School, Beulah Road, Thornton Heath. F. Gibbs . . Upper Hornsey Road L.C.C. School, Holloway, N. 7. Albert E. Lloyd 13 Leo Street Boys' School, Peckham, S.E. 15. Evelyn Patten 13 Salway Place Girls' School, Stratford, E. 15. Eric J. Grant Fair Street L.C.C. Boys' School, Tooley Street, S.E. 1. Fred Field . U South Halsville Council School, West Ham, E. 16. 150 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924.

LIST OF SUCCESSES—continued, NORTH OF ENGLAND. I Age Name. when School. ' given.

Norman Hampson . . . 13 j St. Paul's School, Aitley Bridge, Bolton. Mary Peak . . . . . 11 i St. Paul's School, Astley Bridge, Bolton. William Hickey .... 14 j St. Wilfrid's R.C. School, Blyth. James Kilbride ...... S.S. Peter and Paul's School, Tyne Dock, South Shields. Jennie Angus . . . . 13 j Galley's Meld School, Hartlepool. Mabel Ireland . . . .•...! Bowling Green School, Stainland, Halifax. Mary Brown 13 \ Our Lady's School, Birkenhead. Leslie R. Hunter . . .13 Western Council Boys' School, Penman Street, North Shields. Daisy Midgley . . . . i ... ] East Stamford Bridge Council School, Yorks. Lily Turner 12 ! St. Andrew's Girls' School, Brighcmse, Yoiks. i

Richard Small | Eastern Senior, North Shields. Mabel Parker j Cross Green, Otley, Yorks. Jack Colgan ; 13 i St. Mary's School, Wrexham. Jenny Motley 13 j George Street, North Shields. Lily Fowles 13 Heap Bridge, Bury. Henry Watson 12 j St. Thomas (Boys), Ardwick, Manchester. David Lewis 13 ! Clint Road, Liverpool. Arthur Waite 13J Egertou School, Totton Street, Salford. Irene Lichtenstein ...... i Heath Street, Cheetham Hill, Manchester. Walter Jordan . . . . •• ... ! Riverside, Seacombe. Sarah Murray Magdala Council School, Heywood. Vera Shaw 13 i Orford C. of E. School, Winwick, Lanes. Maud Turner...... Gee Cross Trinity School, Hyde, Cheshire. Wilfrid Nixon Christ Church, North Shields. Elsie Sykes St. Paul's, Brunswick Street, C.-on-M., Manchester. Edith Brown 13 ; St. Mary's, Wrexham. Daniel Mooney 14 St. Alban's, Liseard. Doris Lonsdale . . .14 Cathedral (Girls) School, Ripon. Woolf Yesorsky . . . . j 13 Alexandra Road, Gateshead. Lucy Lynch i ... ; St. Mary's R.C. School, Leeds. i SCOTLAND. Age Jfame. when School. given.

Janet W. Bertram Lamingtpn Public School, Lamington, Lanarkshire. Jack McCaskill . 13 Achtercairn Public School, Gairloch, Ross-shire. Evelyn Poole 12 Sciennes Public School, Sciennes Road, Edinburgh. Margaret McKinveu . 12 The Grammar School, Campbeltown. Neil Brown Buckhaven Primary School, Buckhaven, Fife. May Johnston 14 Kelso Public School, Kelso, Roxburgh. John Peterson Collafirth, Side School, Voe, Delting, Shetland. Duncan McDonald . 14 Strathcouon Public School (Muir-of-Ord). William Kerr . . Higher Grade School, Barrhead. Frances Donald . Crudie P. School, Tirriff, Aberdeenshire.

John T. Sutherland . 12 South Fara School, Stromness. Sadie Clifford. . . 13 Littlemill Public School, By Patna, Ayrshire. Robert C. Macdougall 13 Central P. School, Inverness. Cathie Todd . . . 13 Williamsburgh School, Paisley. Kathleen Connolly . 13 Queen's Cross R.C. School, Aberdeen. Edward Foy . . . St. Patrick's R.C. School, St. John's Hill, Edinburgh. Annie Hendry 13 Merry Street Public School, Motherwell, Lanarkshire. Louise Stuart. Buckhaven Primary School, Buckhaven, Fife. John A. Fisher . 15 Grammar Public School, Ayr.* Annie Scarth . 12 Barony Public School, Birsay, Orkney. Kenneth MacColl. . 13 Kinlochleven Public School, Argyll. JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 151

LIST OF SUCCESSES— SCOTLAND— co ntinued. Age Name. : when School . given.

Ruth H. S. Grant ... 13 Dnthil P. School, Carr Bridge, Inverness-shire. George Lamb. . . i 13 Gateside P. School, Cambuslang. Sciennes Public School, Sciennes Ro'ad, Edinburgh. Nellie Colston 14 Mitchell Street Public School, Mitchell Street, Dundee. Alexander Eraser. . . .13 Mitchell Street Public School, Mitchell Street, Dundee. Mollie M. Neil . . . .14 Grammar Public School, Ayr. James Fraser 12 Dalchreichart P. School, Glenmoriston, Inverness- shire. Jean Armstrong . . . . 1 . . . Stoneyburn Public School, West Lothian. William Taylor .... 13 Public School, Coaltown of Wemyss, Fife.

WALES.

Age Isame. when School. given.

Mildred John ... 13 Crunwere N.P. School, Whitland. Edith T. Thomas . . .12 Hendrefadog Girls' School, Tylorstown, Rhondda. Joseph Cannard .... Tyr Craig Council School, Aberbeeg. EthnaToye 11 Abercynon Girls' School, Glam. Margaret Ann Edwards . . ... Llantwood Council School, Cilgerran. William Hayden Jordan Central Schools, Treharris. Margaret Lees . . . 11 Copper Works Council School, Llanelly. Ethel Morgan .... 14 Penygraig Council School, Penygraig. Catherine Davies ...... Park Girls' School, Cwmpark, Rhondda. R. Conolly Court Road Boys' School, Cardiff.

Forth Girls' Council School, Rhondda. Edgar Jones 12 Council School, Treherbert. Kathleen Myra Danes National Girls' School, Llanelly. Dorothy Ada Jones . . 12 Lakefield Girls' School, Llanelly. Castle Caereinion C.E. School, Welshpool. Cyril Howard Morris . . i 11 Bigyn Boys' School, Llanelly.

E]NGLAND (Midlands). Age Name. when School. given.

Florence Mills .... 13 National School, Hucknall, Notts. Janie Mitchell . . . . ; 14 St. Joseph's School, Monks Kirby, Rugby. Stuart Toft 11 Park Road School, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent. Charles Mitchell .... 13 Sproxton C. of E. School, nr. Melton Mowbray, Leics. Harry Marlow ...... Grove Senior School, Hanley, Staffs. Mabel Rickinson .... 13 Cross Street Senior School, Stoke-on-Trent. 1 Gladys Lownds . . . 13 Glass Street School, Hanley, Staffs. | Arthur Bowcock . . . . \ 13 Smallthorne Boys' School, Stoke-on-Trent. 1 Ernest Cox Berridge Road Council School, Nottingham. Jack Pickin 13 Broom Street Boys' School, Hanley.

Raymond N. Dunn Upper Standard School, Valley Road, Lye, nr. Stour- bridge. Joseph Sellars Higher Elementary School, Dudley. Mabel Cox Nether Street Girls' School, Beeston, Notts. Derby Road Girls' School, Gloucester. 152 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924.

LIST OF SUCCESSES—ENGLAND (Midland*)—continued.

Age Name. when School. given.

Nellie Morton . . 13 St. John's Girls' School, Worksop, Notts. Prudence Hawkins" . Florence Council Girls' School, Longton, Stoke-on- Trent. Winifred Steger . 13 I King Sterndale C. of E. School, nr. Buxton, Derbys. Percy Adlington . Corporation Road Boys' School, Newport, MOD. A. R. Winkle . . Florence Council School (Boys'), Longton, Stoke-on- Trent. Henry J. Dolman St. James's Church Boys' School, Malcolm Street, Derby. Millicent Eardley 13 Hanley Grove Senior School. Harry Edwards . . 13 Aversham Council School, Newark-on-Trent, Notts. William Arthur Ward Long Street Council School, Wigston Magna, nr. Leicester. Rosalie Farmer . Valley Road Upper Street School, Lye, Worcs. Florrie Brown 13 Broadway Central School, Burton-on-Trent. Christina E. Dancey 13 Tredworth Road Girls' Council School, Gloucester. Adeline V. Freeman . Churchtown School, Darley Dale, Matlock. William Goodwin 13 Horainglow Council School, Burton-on-Trent. Florence Perkins 13 Maindee Girls' Ccranoil School, Newport, Mon. Margery Merrin . 14 Elston All Saints' School, Elston, near Newark, Notts.

SOUTHERN DISTRICT.

Age Name. when School. given.

Don* Potter 13 Priory Church Girls' School, Chrutchurch, Hants. Bertram K. Johnson . .14 Wing Boys' Council School, Bucks. Annie Austen . . . 13 Swan Street Girls' School, Swan Street, Southsea. Jack Hawken 11 Liskeard Parochial School, Liskeard, Cornwall. Jessie Kemp '11 Church Street Girls'School, Portsmouth. Mollie Bateson ...... SS. Mary and John Girls'School, Essex Street, Oxford. Vera Grace 14 Kent Street Girls' School, Portsea, Portsmouth. Sylvia Nottingham . . . \ 13 Senior Girls' School, March, Cambs. Thomas J. Day . . . .13 Oakfield Boys' School, Ryde, I. of W. Dorothy Nichols . . . . j Francis Avenue Council School, Portsmouth.

Phyllis Ward j Shipbourne Council School, Shipbourne, Kent. Thomas J. Somerfield . . ... Ashley Road Senior School, Barnstaple, N. Devon. Eva Turner \ 13 C. of E. Girls' School, North Walk, Barnstaple, N. Devon. Freda A. Sewell . . . . 13 i Childerley Gate Council School, Cambridge. Alfred T. Knight ...... \ Slindon Church of England School, nr. Arundel, Sussex. Winifred Beechey . . . i 13 C. of E. School, Princes Rjsboro', Bucks. May McNeil Christ Church Girls'School, Bamet, Herts. Gladys Rolfe South Oxford Council Girls' School, Thames Street, i St. Aldate's, Oxford. Josephine Hall ' St. Augustine's School, Tunbridge Wells. A. H. Myers . The Council School, Newbury, Bucks. Reginald Waghorn . . • . ... i St. Augustine's School, Tunbridge Wells. Nora Bunting . . . 13 • The School, Edgefield, nr. Melton Constable, Norfolk. R. Past on ! ... l Heigham Street School, Norwich. Charles Keay 13 St. Peter's Boys' School, Tunbridge Wells. Frederick Thyer .... 14 j Somerset Bridge School, Bridgwater. Leslie W. Seal . . . . ; ... j Swancombe C. of E. Boys'School, Manor Road, Swans- combe, Kent. Harry Phillips .... 13 Tichborne C. of E. School, Alresford, Hants. Emily Ash Harbledown C. of E. School, Canterbury. Phyllis Weeks Cromwell Road Council School, Redhill, Surrey. G. E. Siggs 14 Willowfield Central School, Eastbourne. JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 153 THE BEST ESSAY IN THE and boats, which carried thousands of tons of COMPETITION. food and materials for industry. This noble work is still going on round our By DORIS POTTER (aged 13), of the Priory sea-girt land—" This precious stone set in the Church Girls' School, Christchurch, Hants. silver sea "—and at all dangerous places, there One of the greatest Societies is the Royal are brave men always ready to battle their way Life-boat Institution, which for nearly one to rescue those in danger. hundred years has built and maintained the The Life-boat service keeps alive the true Life-boat services of Great Britain with its British spirit of our forefathers, which has fleet of nearly 260 Life-boats, and its brave made our Empire what it is to-day, and that is crews of about 7,000 boatmen. the spirit of sacrifice, heroism, duty, courage, This Society has saved the lives of thousands endurance and comradeship. There is, on of men, women, and children from a watery nearly every page of English history, some grave, and it has rescued vast cargoes of mer- story of our sailors' brave deeds, so we should chandise from destruction. Such an Institu- ever " be prepared" to help them, for the tion is of great national importance and an lessening of our sea-power will lead to Eng- absolute necessity in a maritime country like land's downfall. ours, if we still wish to hold the first position The lives saved by the Life-boats are chiefly in the world for trade, and for naval power. those in the prime of life. Their deaths would Great Britain, " bound in with the trium- not only mean great losses to the country as phant sea," is the centre of the land hemi- citizens and workers, but would render spheres, and of the world's shipping. It has thousands of homes miserable, and cause a 5,000 miles of sea coast, with many perilous great many widows and children to be sup- points. To save the lives of people of any ported out of the rates and in charitable country when in danger, during peace or war, homes. and to preserve ships, this Society was formed. Our Life-boat service has been so much We are a nation of shopkeepers, and our admired, that many foreign maritime countries immense trade depends almost entirely on our have modelled their institutions on our own, shipping. Britain's shipping and number of and thus it has extended its good work all men employed are greater than that of the over the world, and made others realize its whole of the United States, Germany, and necessity and importance. Prance put together. So the losses in lives To-day the Life-boats are manned by just and ships round our shores are enormous in as fearJess and noble men as our Nelson led to comparison with other countries. battle, and every Britisher should earnestly During the War the Life-boats saved not support, with pride, the Royal Life-boat only over 5,000 lives, but also over 180 vessels Institution.

The Ramsgate Life-boat and the Ketch "Lord Hamilton.' AT half-past two in the afternoon, of out for any sign of life but none could be 12th February last, the Eamsgate Life- seen. boat and tug were called out by a message A tremendous sea was running,.and from the Coast Guard that a vessel— the Life-boat herself was in great peril of found afterwards to be the ketch I^ord being smashed against the wreck. One Hamilton—was ashore on the north-east huge wave in fact swept her right over part of the Goodwin Sands. A strong the after-part of it, and the Coxswain easterly gale was blowing with a very was compelled to slip his cable, leaving heavy sea, and the Life-boat and tug got both anchor and cable behind, in order abreast of the wreck to windward about to get clear. He then made sail five o'clock. The Life-boat then cast off, across the sands, it being now high ran to leeward towards the wreck until water, and returned to Ramsgate, she was within about eighty yards and picking up the tug before entering the then, anchoring, veered down. The crew harbour, which was reached about half- found her to be a ketch, sunk six feet past six. below the water with her foremast Next day a motor-boat was sent out standing above the surface. After by the Honorary Secretary, which leaving the tug, and as they approached reached the wreck shortly after ten in the wreck, the crew of the Life-boat had the morning, and her crew saw two men thought that they saw men in the rigging, come out of a bunch of torn sail at the but now, lying ten or fifteen yards off the masthead. They rescued them and foremast, they saw that what they had brought them safely to Ramsgate. The taken for men were pieces of torn sail. next day the motor-boat went out again The Coxswain ordered all hands to look and recovered the anchor and part of 154 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924. the cable,~which had to be cut, as it had Captain Lord Curzon, E.N.V.E., and fouled the'wreck. Major-General^Seely. [ Lord Curzon said From the account of the two rescued that " the absurdity of the coroner's men, the Master and mate of the ketch, remarks was evident to any one who the crew consisted of four men. It was knew anything of the sea." General nearly' midnight when they had gone Seely, speaking as one who has had ashore, and one of the men was swept thirty-five years' experience as a member away two hours later. The other three of a Life-boat Crew, said : " In a whole were still in the rigging when, on gale of wind this Boat went out on to the afternoon following, the Life-boat the Goodwin Sands, and only those who reached the wreck. When she was half have been through any gale will realize a mile away, the Master of the ketch what this means for those gallant men. had waved his hand and shouted, but, It is a cruel thing that a coroner, believing that he had been seen, he did inexperienced in nautical matters, should not wave or shout again. All three men cast an- aspersion upon a very gallant remained wrapped up in the torn sail, body of men who daily and hourly risk and that was the reason why, in the their lives in order to serve others." failing light, they were not seen. Some In his reply the Parliamentary Secre- hours after the Life-boat left the wreck tary to the Board of Trade, Mr. A. V. one of them lost consciousness and was Alexander, said: "I welcome the swept away. opportunity which has been taken of One of the two bodies was recovered, drawing attention to the fact that the and on 25th February an inquest was Board of Trade did make inquiry, held. The verdict returned was " Death through their technical officers, as to the from misadventure," but in the course circumstances of this unfortunate hap- of his summing up the coroner said that pening, and they were perfectly con- there had been a " lamentable failure " vinced, on the advice of their officers, on the part of the Life-boat Crew. that there was no need for the Board of Before the holding of the inquest Trade to hold an inquiry. Nothing there had been a good deal of ill-informed came to light to show evidence either of comment, but this most severe stricture want of diligence or of want of seaman- on the crew of a Station which has like qualities on the part of the Coxswain a record second to none in the history of or the crew of the Life-boat. the Life-boat Service, was deeply resented " As far as the Board of Trade is con- not only in Eamsgate, but in other parts cerned, the matter rests there. We do of the country. Many messages of not think it necessary for the Board of sympathy were received by the Cox- Trade to hold an inquiry in these circum- swain, and the crew petitioned the stances. It is very peculiar that in this Institution for an inquiry. calamity the Life-boat should have been In the opinion of the technical officers able as it was in the teeth of a gale to of the Institution everything possible get into such close proximity to the was done by Coxswain and crew in vessel. These unfortunate fellows were circumstances of great peril to the Life- on the mast and had wrapped them- boat herself, and no blame attached to selves in the sail for protection, and it them for their failure to discover the is quite conceivable, in rough seas and a three men. In view, however, of the heavy gale, that it was almost impossible coroner's statement, and in justice to to detect any signs of life. The peculiar the Coxswain and crew, the Institution thing is that apparently, perhaps because asked the Board of Trade to hold an of the gale, no sound of any kind, neither inquiry, but the Board of Trade found it- a hail from the men on the mast nor any- self unable to do this, and suggested that thing else, reached the men in the Life- the inquiry should be held by the Institu- boat. The fact that the crew of the tion itself. Life-boat made every effort to get to the The matter was thereupon raised in scene of the wreck and discover if any the House of Commons by two members lives were there to be saved is proved by of the Committee of Management, the fact that they put their anchor down, JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 155 but had to withdraw again, and when The whole Bembridge crew wrote : the Motor-boat went out it picked up the There is not a member of a Life-boat anchor which, had been left. As far as crew but what can entirely appreciate the Board of Trade and the Government the position of the Ramsgate men "; are concerned, we have every admiration and the Honorary Secretary at Lowes- for and every desire to support the toft wrote that Coxswain Swan had had magnificent voluntary work which has an almost identical experience in Febru- been undertaken by the NATIONAL LIFE- ary, 1915, when the Lowestoft Life-boat BOAT INSTITUTION. We can quite under- went out to the sprit barge Surdar of stand that there has been a considerable London which had gone aground on the amount of anxiety since the coroner's Sands. " He got alongside and held on inquiry, because of what has transpired, with bis grappling irons, and having seen but we are confident that, when the facts no life on board was on the point of are known to the public at large, the leaving when the crew of two men sud- great ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOA* denly unrolled the topsail and showed INSTITUTION and the men who so themselves and were eventually rescued." gallantly sacrifice themselves again and The father of one of the two men who again in the interests of humanity will were drowned wrote from Canada to the not suffer." Coxswain :— In view of tkis reply the Institution " We have heard a lot of the wreck felt that no further action was necessary through English papers sent out, and and that the Ramsgate Coxswain and this is my reason for writing to you. crew had been completely vindicated. Now, sir, I do not want you to think A letter was therefore sent asking the that I hold you responsible for the loss Honorary Secretary to inform them of the of my boy, for my only regret is that Committee's " complete confidence that ever such a comment should be made by they had behaved in every way in accord- any man, especially by one who, I gather, ance with the high traditions of the Life- lives within sight of the Goodwin Sands, boat Service." and knowing well the glorious record of Many letters were received which the Life-boatmen around the coast. I showed not only the public interest in myself, before coming to Canada, fol- the case but how deeply and how per- lowed the sea for twenty years in the sonally many people felt the slur which coasting trade, and know what the Good- had been cast on the men of the Service. win Sands are bike. I doubt whether The Organizing Secretary for the North that man would care to take a trip with of England reported, " I have seldom met you some time on your errand of mercy; with greater indignation than during the I am afraid if he did he would not be so last week when on the north-east coast." ready to criticize."

A Life-boat at the Naval Review at Spithead. IN November, 1923, a special review of Margaret slowly steamed down the line the Atlantic Fleet was held at Spithead of ships, there appeared on the starboard for the Dominion Prime Ministers then side a Motor Life-boat, her oil-skinned attending the Imperial Conference. On crew swept repeatedly by the dancing the day on which the review took place seas, the craft itself being almost —a day of rough weather—the City of smothered at times by the exuberant Bradford, the new Motor Life-boat for waters. Eventually, I made out her Spurn Point at the mouth of the name. It was the Spurn Life-boat, and Humber, built out* of the special fund on her side was painted City of Bradford. raised in Bradford, was carrying out her It is well that the people of-the northern trials, and her appearance among the city who brought her into being should Fleet was described in the Yorkshire know that their Life-boat is not afraid Evening Post: I of the tempest." " In the morning, as the Princess 156 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924. Review. '' Ships for All." By Frank C. Bowen (late ] public library, for it tells us what we Captain Royal Marines). Ward, Lock & j owe to the sea and, incidentally, what Co'., Ltd., 6s'. net. the world owes to the British seaman— WHAT English boy or girl—and might and shipbuilder. And it is written so we not add man or woman ?—does not simply and readably that every one take an interest in " those that go down; should enjoy reading it. to the sea in ships and do their business | To readers of The Lifeboat the chapter in great waters." And yet how great is j on Life-boats will be specially interesting, the ignorance of the average Englishman We must, however, point out one serious on all matters pertaining to the sea- mistake. The Institution is not, as faring profession ! j Captain Bowen says, supported by It is this ignorance which has gradu-! payments well earned by salvage ser- ally instilled in the mind of the seafaring j vice. Their crews may be allowed in man the idea that he is different to j certain instances to claim salvage, but the other men, and has helped to raise that Institution does not touch a penny of it, barrier which exists between seafarer except in the case of the Padstow steam and shoregoer. One would have ima- tug, which is, of course, not a life- gined that the war would have broken boat, and whose services in saving ships it down. Yet there is little evidence of which are not in jeopardy off the this. The sailor and his ship still seem formidable Doom bar are from time to to remain in the eyes of English men time recognized by the award of and women mysterious and inscrut- salvage. In this case Lloyd's fully able. concur in the propriety of the Insti- Captain Bowen has devoted 378 pages tution receiving a share of the salvage to elucidating this mystery, and he has award in view of the great expense done so to some purpose. Here is a book entailed, by the maintenance of the which should be read in every household, tug and the value of the property and which should find a place in every saved to underwriters.

Marriage of the Secretary of the Institution. A marriage has been arranged, and will Helen Dorothea, younger daughter of the take place on 28th July, between George Rev. T. Gough (formerly Head Master F. Shee, second son of the late Richard of King Edward VI .'s School, Retford) Jenery Shee, of the Inner Temple, and the late Mrs. Gough, of 1, Elm Barrister-at-Law, and Mrs. Shee, and Bank Gardens, Barnes.

Awards to Coxswains and Life-boatmen. To DAVID ANDERSON, on his retirement, after To RICHARD MATTHEWS, on his retirement, serving 8J years as Bowman and 23 years as after serving 19 years as Second Coxswain Coxswain at Montrose, a Certificate of of the Moefire Life-boat, a Pension, com- Service and a Pension. muted at his own request into a lump sum. To THOMAS LEADBETTER, on his retirement, To HTJOH JONES, on his retirement, after serv- after serving 14 years as Bowman of the ing 53 years in connexion with the Holyhead Fleetwood Life-boat, a Pension. Life-boats, a Life-boatman's Certificate. To WM. HBNKY BAKER, on his retirement, To MICHAEL DREW, on his retirement, after after serving 5 years as Bowman and 19 serving 45 years as one of the crew of the years as Coxswain of the Padstow Life-boat, Cadgwith Life-boat, a Life-boatman's Cer- a Certificate of Service and a Pension. tificate. To BIBLBY WOODHOTTSE, on his retirement, To JOHN ROBERT LEADBBTTER, on his retire- after serving 31 years as Signalman at the ment, after serving 13 years as Second Cox- Flamborough Life-boat Station, a Pension, swain and 14J years as Coxswain of the commuted at his own request into a lump Fleetwood Life-boat, a Certificate of Service and a Pension. JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 157 To GRIFFITH L. JONES, on his retirement, To ROBERT YOUNG PATRICK, on his retire- after serving 14 years as a member of the ment, after serving 40 years as a member of crew of the Point of Ayr Life-boat, a Life- the crew of the North Sunderland Life-boat, boatman's Certificate, including 20 years as Second Coxswain, a To THOMAS OWEN, on his retirement, after Life-boatman's Certificate and a Pension. serving 11 years as a member of the crew of the Point of Ayr Life-boat, a Life-boatman's To WALTER Ross, on his retirement, after Certificate. serving 15 years as a member of the crew of the Huna Life-boat, a Life-boatman's To HUGH D. WILLIAMS, on his retirement, after Certificate of Service. serving 15 years as a member of the crew of the Point of Ayr Life-boat, a Life-boatman's To WM. STANLEY, on his retirement, after Certificate. serving 32 years as a member of the crew of To OWEN H. WILLIAMS, on his retirement, the Penmon and Beaumaris Life-boats, a after serving 27 years as a member of the Life-boatman's Certificate of Service. crew of the Point of Ayr Life-boat, a Life- boatman's Certificate. To HENRY JONES, on his retirement, after serving 15 years as a member of the crew To FRANK WARD MOODY, on his retirement, of the Point of Ayr Life-boat, a Life-boat- after serving 35 years as a member of the man's Certificate of Service. crew of the Skegness Life-boat, a Life- boatman's Certificate. To JOHN HERRING, on his retirement, after To ARCHIBALD BUROON, on his retirement, serving 26 years as a member of the crew after serving 29J years as Bowman of the of the Suuderland Life-boat, a Life-boat- Eyemouth Life-boat, a Life-boatman's man's Certificate of Service. Certificate and a Pension. To WM. KENNEDY, on his retirement, after To R. J. WILLIAMS, on his retirement, after serving 38 years as a member of the crew of serving 21 years as a member of the crew of the Huna Life-boat, including 22 years as the Point of Ayr Life-boat, a Life-boatman's Second Coxswain, a Life-boatman's Certifi- Certificate. cate of Service and a Pension. To JOSEPH H. WILLIAMS, on his retirement, after serving 19 years as a member of the To JOHN DUHNETT, on his retirement, after crew of the Point of Ayr Life-boat, a Life- serving 17 years as a member of the crew boatman's Certificate. of the Huna Life-boat, a Life-boatman's To JOHN HOBSON, on his retirement, after Certificate of Service. serving 31 years as Signalman at the Hornsea To WM. DUNNETT, on his retirement, after Life-boat Station, a Pension. serving 45 years as a member of the crew of To JESSE SALMON, on his retirement, after the Huna Life-boat, a Life-boatman's serving 1 year as Bowman, 15J years as Certificate of Service. Second Coxswain, and 5 years as Coxswain of the Clacton-on-Sea Life-boat, a Pension. To WM. DUNNETT, on his retirement, after serving 23 years as a member of the crew of To JOHN T. SWAN, on his retirement, after the Huna Life-boat, a Life-boatman's serving 13J years as Coxswain of the Certificate of Service. Lowestoft Life-boats, a Certificate of Service and a Pension. To JOHN SUTHERLAND, on his retirement, after To MICHAEL RICHARDSON, on his retirement, serving 21 years as a member of the crew of after serving 25J years as Second Coxswain the Huna Life-boat, a Life-boatman's of the Blackrock Life-boat, a Life-boatman's Certificate of Service. Certificate and a Pension. To WM. SUTHERLAND, on his retirement, after To THOMAS FOUNDER, on his retirement, after serving 18 years as a member of the crew of serving 11 years as Bowman, 8J years as the Huna Life-boat, a Life-boatman's Second Coxswain, and 6J years as Coxswain Certificate of Service. of the Hartlepool Life-boat, a Pension. To CUTHBEBI MBTCALFB, on his retirement, To JOHN KENNEDY, on his retirement, after after serving 6f years as Signalman, 8J years serving 18 years as a member of the crew of as Bowman, and 6J years as Second Cox- the Huna life-boat, a Life-boatman's swain of the Hartlepool Life-boat, a Gratuity. Certificate of Service. To E. F. DAVISON, on his retirement, after To JAMES STJTHERLAND, on his retirement, serving 2J years as Signalman, 12 years as after serving 16 years as a member of the Bowman, and 12 years as Second Coxswain crew of the Huna Life-boat, a Life-boat- of the Hartlepool Life-boat, a Gratuity. man's Certificate of Service. 158 THE LIFEBOAT. [ JUNE, 1924.

A French Matinee in Aid of the Institution. IT is a far cry from the snows of Russia a great charity, " The Association for to tke sands of the Sahara, and as far a the Help oi the Widows of Soldiers killed cry from the Sahara to the coasts of the in the Great War," the President of the British Isles. But experiments are now Republic being present. being made to see if a device originally Two distinguished French artists designed for motor transport over the came to London to sing at the matinee, snows of Russia during the war, and then M. Lucien Muratore, the tenor of the used with signal success for crossing the Paris Opera Hjouse, and Mile. Marthe Sahara, will be equally effective for Davelli, of the Opera House and the launching Life-boats on the coasts of Opera-Comique. M. Jean Richepin, the Great Britain. poet, and a member of the Academie This device is the Kegresse track, a francaise, wrote a poem specially for the self-laying track of flexible rubber and occasion' entitled " Pour la Paix," canvas creeper bands, which may pos- describing how, in exploration, the sibly prove more effective on our coasts weapons of war, are being turned to the than the present tractors which, while service of peace. This was to be have been they have carried out a number of very recited by Mile. Cecile Sorel, the leading prompt launches, have shown that where actress of the Comedie-Francaise, but at there is shingle, mud holes or creeping the last moment ill health prevented sands, something more powerful is re- her from coming. quired. While the performance was given by These facts lend additional interest to French men and women, its organization a matinee in aid of the funds of the Insti- was in the hands of a Committee of Life- tution which was given at the Victoria boat workers, and among those who gave Palace on 21st November last, and which it their patronage were H.R.H. the Duke was itself probably unique in the long of Connaught, H.R.H. the Princess list of charity matinees in this country. Louise, Duchess of Argyll, H.R.H. the Her Majesty the Queen and H.R.H. Princess Beatrice, His Excellency the the Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, French Ambassador, His Excellency the Patron of the Ladies' Life-boat Guild, Belgian Ambassador, the Right Hon. were both present, and this matinee, in Stanley Bruce, M.C., Prime Minister of aid of a great English charity, was given Australia, and Mrs. Bruce, the Duke and by a Frenchman, M. Citroen, head of the Duchess of Leeds, the Duchess of Port- French firm of motor car manufacturers land, the Duchess of Northumberland, which bears his name, and the whole the Dowager Marchionessof Queensberry, performance was by French artists. the Dowager Marchioness of Tweeddale, At the beginning of 1922 an expedition the Marchioness of Ailsa, the Marquess of Citroi-n cars, fitted with the Kegresse of Crewe, the Marquess and Marchioness track, travelled across the Sahara, from of Aberdeen and Temair, the Marchioness Touggourt to Timbuctoo, a distance of of Milf ord Haven, and the Earl and Coun- 2,000 miles, and back again. The tess of Derby. Sahara had never before been crossed by M. Citroen came from Paris to be automobiles, and the Citroen Expedition present, and with him were the leaders of visited places which no one had ever the Expedition, M. Haardt and M. reached before except on camels. Audouin Dubreuil. A film was taken of this journey, and As the whole expenses of the matinee it was shown for the first time in England were borne by M. Citroen every penny at this matinee. The first time it had of the proceeds, just under £1,000, went been shown in Paris it was also in aid of to the Institution's funds. JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 159

Summary of the Meetings of the Committee of Management. Lives Thursday, 15th November, 1923. Life-boat. Vessel. rescued. Sir GODFREY BARING, Bt., in the Chair. Vexford . . Schooner Pearl, of Reported the receipt of the following special (Boarding Wexford. Assisted contributions :—• Boat) to save vessel and £ a. d. rescued .... 3 ANONYMOUS 50 - - The Penlee (Motor) Life-boat stood by and MK. FREDERICK MILBUBN, to- assisted the S.S. Nicolas Norbert, of Boulogne. wards cost of Motor Life-boat Also voted £382 16s. 6d. to pay the expenses for Holy Island 5,000 - - of the following Life-boat launches, assemblies —To be thanked. of crews, etc., with a view to assisting persons Paid £13,128 7*. Id. for sundry charges in on vessels in distress:—Buckle (Motor), Bull connexion with the construction of Life-boats, Bay, Caister No. 1, Eyemouth, Filey, Folke- Life-boat Houses and Slipways, and the main- stone, Gorleston No. 1, Holy head No. 1 tenance of the various Life-boat establish- Steam), Hoylake, The Lizard (Motor), Mine- ments. icad, Peterhead No. 2 (Motor), Plymouth, Voted £488 17«. Id. to pay the expenses of Porthleven, Kamsgate, St. Mary's (Motor), the following Life-boat services:— Selsey (Motor), Spurn (Motor), Swanage, Tyne- Lives mouth (Motor), Wexford (Motor), Whitby Life-boat. Vessel. rescued. ^Motor), and Weymouth. Beaumaris . . Schooner Baltic, of (Motor) Liverpool. Landed Granted £16 13«. 6d. to men for injury in the 2. Life-boat Service at Cardigan and Padstow. Schooner Mary Ann, of Voted a compassionate grant of £5 to Joss Faveraham. Landed STOREY, who for over forty years had been 5. connected with the Newbiggin Life-boat, and Schooner Baltic, of is now in very poor circumstances. Liverpool. Landed 4 Decided that in recognition of the gallant Bembridge . S.S. Dalton, of New- services of the crew of the Newburgh Life-boat (Motor) castle. Stood by and naval ratings from H.M.S. Vampire and vessel. H.M.S. Vendetta, in rescuing from shipwreck Brixham . Trawler Osprey, of seven of the nine men of the steam trawler (Motor) Brixham. Landed 2. Imperial Prince, of Aberdeen, which was Trawler Es-pero, of wrecked off Belhelvie, near Aberdeen, during a Brixham. Landed 2. full S. gale with a heavy sea, on the 19th S.S. Torvald, of Lands- October, the following awards be granted:— krona, S.S. Tus- The Silver Medal of the Institution to Cox- carora, of Sunder- swain JOHN INNES and Petty Officer C. A. W. land, and several ESSAM, of H.M.S. Vampire, and the Bronze trawlers of Brixham. Medal of the Institution to Bowman JAMES Rendered assist- INNES, the Medals to be accompanied by a copy auce. of the Vote inscribed on Vellum and framed; Llandudno Rowing boat Alice, of the Thanks of the Institution inscribed on Llandudno . Vellum and framed to Leading Seaman Lowestoft Fishing boat Jean II., R. LEONARD, Able Seamen E. SWEET, W. A. (Motor) of Boulogne . 28 HOEDBN, S. yotnra, A. GILLAM, J. LOCKE, New Brighton . Motor vessel Oarthavon, H. HOWBLL, of H.M.S. Vampire, and to No. 2 (Steam) of Bristol. Stood by Leading Seaman H. COTTBTNAGE, Able Seamen J. KEEFE, G. HOWARD, C. WHEELEK, of Newburgh . Steam trawler Imperial H.M.S. Vendetta; Letters of Thanks to Prince, of Aberdeen . Newburgh Branch, Officer Commanding H.M.S. Penlee (Motor) . S.S. City of Westmin- Vampire, Comr. WAY, R.N., Inspector of ster, of Liverpool Coast Guard, Mr. MORRISON, District Officer of Sennen Cove S.S. City of Westmin- Coast Guard, Capt. LUMSDEN 0* BALMEDIE, (Motor) ster, of Liverpool . Lord of the Manor, Mr. HENDERSON, Honorary Skateraw Motor vessel Bona- Secretary Peterhead Branch, Mr. RITCHIE, venlure, of Leith. Chairman of Local Committee, The Women of Stood by vessel. Newburgh, Mrs. CHRISTIE, Mr. BLTCHAN, and Swanage Barge Cetus, of Lon- Master CHARLES BUCBAN ; and monetary don, and barge Car- rewards to the men who manned the Life- son, of Yarmouth. boat, the launchers, etc. Stood by vessels. Wexford (Motor) Fishing boat St. Quin- (A full account of the service appeared tin, of Wexford. in The Lifeboat for November, 1923.) Assisted to save ves- Awarded the Thanks of the Institution sel and rescued . inscribed on Vellum and framed to W. G. 160 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924. SANDERS, Coxswain of the Brixham Motor Reported the receipt of the following special Life-boat, and an additional monetary reward contributions :— to him and to each of the crew and helpers in £ s. d. recognition of a meritorious service on the 3rd H.R.H. THE PRINCESS LOUISE, October, when the Life-boat landed two persons DUCHESS OF ARGYLL (donation) 100 - - from each of the trawlers Osprey, and JSspero, THE LATE MR. LAWRENCE FORBES, and rendered assistance to the s.s. Torvald, of Gift from Estate of. ... 500 - - Landskrona, the s.s. Tuscarora, and several ANONYMOUS (additional dona- trawlers which were in distress, during a whole tion) 50 - - N.N.W. gale, with a very heavy sea. —To be thanked. Granted additional rewards to the crews of Paid £21,982 Is. lOd. for sundry charges in the Eyemouth, Peulee, and Sennen Cove Life- connexion with the construction of Life-boats, boats for arduous services on the 30th August Life-boat Houses and Slipways, and the main- and 8th October. tenance of the various Life-boat establish- ments. Voted £1 10s. to four men for rescuing the twelve hands of the steam trawler Alexandrite, Voted £467 3s. 2d. to pay the expenses of the of Hull, who had taken to their boat when the following Life-boat services :— Lives vessel stranded near Filey, during a thick fqg, Life-beat. Vesael. rescued. on the 12th October, 1923. Also granted Arbroath . . Arbroathfishin gfleet . 2s. 6d. for fuel consumed. Stood by fishing fleet. Voted £2 to the crew of the steam drifter Ardrossan . . S.S. Leon Pancaldo, of Pioneer, of Penzance, for rescuing twenty-five Savona. Rendered of the crew of the s.s. City of Westminster, of assistance. Liverpool, which was wrecked on the Runnel- Bridlington . . Eight fishing vessels of stone, during a thick fog on the 8th October. Bridlington. Es- The Pioneer advised the Captain of the City corted vessels into of Westminster that all on board should be harbour. transferred to the ship's boats, and towed two Motor fishing boat of the boats to Penzauce, the remainder of the John Bruce, of crew being rescued by the Penlee and Sennen Grimsby. Escorted Cove Life-boats. Considerable risk was boat into harbour . incurred owing to the fog and the position of Clovelly . . . Fishing coble Gordon, the steamer on the rocks. of Clovelly ... 2 Schooner Hanna Jan- Voted £3 to five men for rescuing the three sen, of Hamburg, occupants of a small boat, at Newbiggin, on Landed 8. the 14th October. Also granted Ss. for petrol Donaghadee. . S.S. Castleisland, of used. A whole W.S.W. gale was blowing and (Motor) Belfast .... 9 the boat was drifting out to sea. Manned by Gorleston No. 2. S.S. Watchful, of Aber- five members of the Life-boat crew a Motor- deen. Stood by boat put off to render help, and found the vessel. small boat half-full of water with her crew Lytham . . . Barque Drott, of Halm- exhausted. stad 8 Montrose No. 1. Nine fishing yawls of Voted £1 to two men for rescuing a young Montrose, and three man, at Llandudno, oix the 29th October. steam drifters. Stood They were fishing outside the Pier Head when by vessels. a moderate S. gale sprang up, and seeing a The Mumbles . Schooner Raven, of small boat flying a distress signal they went Binic 5 to her help and found her sole occupant New Brighton S.S. Ibis, of Liverpool. 7 exhausted. They took him into their boat No. 2 (Steam). Tug Spurn, of Liver- which had a hard pull against wind and tide pool 5 to get ashore. Newbiggin . . Four fishing cobles of Sent a Letter of Thanks to Capt. A. B. Newbiggin. Stood TURNER for assisting the two occupants of a by cobles. boat which capsized off Largs, on the 4th Seven fishing cololes oi October. Newbiggin. Ren- dered assistance. Newhaven . . Steam trawler Jean Thursday, 20th December, 1923. (Motor) Dire, of Boulogne . 17 Sir GODFREY BASING, Bt., in the Chair. North Sunder- Fishing coble Sea land. Queen, of Beadnell. 4 Elected the VISCOUNT BURNHAM, C.H., Scarborough. . Eleven fishing cobles T.D., a Vice-President of the Institution. of Scarborough. Es- Approved the constitution of the London corted cobles into Women's Committee and appointed original harbour. members. Motor fishing boat Fe- licity, of Scar- Decided to close the Tramore Life-boat borough.^ Escorted Station. boat into harbour. JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 161 Lives Secretary of the Branch, who had charge of Life-boafc. Vessel. rescued. the launch, and worked up to his neck in water; Scarborough . Four fishing cobles of a Letter of Thanks to Admiral Sir GUY GATOT, Scarborough. Stood who took an active part in attempting to by cobles. rescue and resuscitate a man who was hauled St. Anne's . . Fishing boat Irene, of out of the sea; and additional monetary Preston .... 1 rewards to each member of the Life-boat crew Wexford (Motor) Schooner Elite Park, and to the helpers. of Barrow ... 4 Whitby (Motor). Motor fishing boat Miz- Granted a monetary reward to the per- pah, of Whitby. Es- manent crew of the Wexford Life-boat, in corted boat into har- recognition of a fine service during severe bour. weather on the 9th November, when the crew, Whitby No. 2 . Five motor fishing four in number, of the schooner Elite Park, of boats of Whitby. Barrow, were rescued from shipwreck. Also Escorted boats into addressed Letter of Thanks to the Post Master harbour. and to the Harbour Master at Rosslare, who assisted by watching, and to the Assistant The Aldeburgh No. 2 Life-boat saved the Motor Mechanic who had charge of the engine. whaler Chr. (Jrastberg, of Sandefjord, and rescued her crew of five; the Cresswell Life- Directed that a Letter be sent to the Coxa- boat assisted to save the steam trawler Glen- swain and crew of the Donaghadee Life-boat, star, of North Shields ; the Holyhead No. 1 expressing appreciation of a meritorious ser- (Steam) Life-boat saved the schooner Whit- vice, carried out with great difficulty and riggs, of Chester, and rescued her two hands; under severe weather conditions on the 9th the North Deal Life-boat assisted to save the November, when the nine hands of the s.e. s.s. Nicolas Pattras, of Greece, and rescued 22 ; Castleislartd, of Belfast, were rescued from and the Winterton No. 1 Life-boat assisted to shipwreck, off Groomsport. Reported that save the steam drifter Mishe Nahma, of Yar- the owners of the wrecked vessel had suitably mouth, and rescued her crew, ten in number. recognised the good services of the Life- boatmen. Also voted £535 17*. lid. to pay the expenses Voted £3 to three men for rescuing the of the following Life-boat launches, assemblies crew, four in number, of the fishing boat of crews, etc., with a view to assisting persons William and Jane, of Dunbar, which was in on vessels in distress:—Aldeburgh No. 1, distress, on the 9th November. The salvors Bridlington, Caister No. 1, Cromer (Motor), were running for home in the Welcome Home Douglas, Dunbar, Dungeness No. 2, Gorleston when they saw the other boat dismasted and No. 1, Hoylake, Lowestoft (Motor), New helpless, with a rope foul of her propeller. A Brighton No. 2 (Steam), North Deal, Palling strong E. gale was blowing with a rough sea, No. 2, Bamsgate, Selsey (Motor), Skegness, and it was only with considerable difficulty Southwold, and Whitby (Motor). that communication with the disabled boat Granted the sum of £250, including funeral was effected. The William ar.d Jane was expenses, to a Fund raised for the benefit of taken in tow for a distance of four miles, the the widow and five children of W. J. LIVBRSAGB, towing boat itself being strained, as the Assistant Secretary to the New Brighton Dunbar boat was the larger of the two. Branch, whose death was accelerated by ex- Moderate risk was incurred by the rescuers.— posure when on duty in connexion with a Life- Reward, £3; also granted £3 for damage boat service on 17th November, 1923. received by the boat effecting the rescue. Granted £58 16s. to men for injury in the Voted £2 5s. to three men for rescuing the Life-boat service at Arbroath, Bridlington, two hands of the coble Four Flowers, of The Mumbles, Newbiggin, and Rhyl. Clovelly, which was caught in a heavy W.N.W. gale when about two miles from home, on the Voted a gratuity of £5 to HUGH JONES, Bow- 15th November. The Life-boat being engaged man, at Holyhead, on his retirement, in recog- with another vessel, the Motor Drifter Jane nition of his very long connexion with the which was making for safety put about to Life-boat service, covering a period of fifty- render help, and succeeded, at considerable three years. risk, in towing the Four Flowers clear of Voted a gratuity of £5 to MICHAEL DREW, danger and into harbour.—Reward, £2 5s. on his retirement after forty-five years' con- nexion with the Cadgwith Life-boat. Decided that in recognition of the gallant and Thursday, 17th January, 1924. strenuous, though unsuccessful, efforts of the Sir GODFREY BARING, Bt., in the Chair. Bridlingtou Life-boat crew to rescue the crew of the coble Arrow, which foundered when Decided to close the Hornsea Life-boat crossing the harbour bar during a whole S. Station. gale, on the 15th November, the following Reported the receipt of the following special awards be made :—The Thanks of the Institu- contributions :— tion inscribed on Vellum and framed to the £ s. d. Coxswain, HARRY HOPPER, who had charge MR. J. W. ARCHER, for the build- of the Life-boat ; Binoculars, suitably ing and endowing of a Motor inscribed to Mr. C. H. GRAY, Honorary Life-boat for Teesmouth . . 20,250 - - 162 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924.

£ s. d. Lives CIVIL SERVICE LIFE-BOAT FUND, Life-boat. Vessel. rescued. for the new Motor Life-boat Piel (Barrow) Steam trawler Djvara, for Margate (on account) . 2,000 - - of Fleetwood. Stood by vessel. COVENT GARDEN LIFE - BOAT Rye Harbour An aeroplane. Salved FUND, per Mr. Bert J. Monro. 219 2 C aeroplane. THE LATE MDLLE. L. LUBINSKA, St. Ives . Fishing boat Peggy, of Gift from Estate of ... 100 - - St. Ives. Assisted to —To be, thanked. save boat and res- cued 5 Paid £14,028 14s. 6<2. for sundry charges in Scarborough Coble Friendship, of connexion with the construction of Life-boats, Scarborough . . 3 Life-boat Houses and Slipways, and the main- Walton-on-the- Longsard Light Vessel. tenance of the various Life-boat establish- Naze (Motor) Rendered assistance. ments. The Cromer No. 1 Motor Life-boat assisted Voted £456 11s. 6d. to pay the expenses of to save the s.s. NephriK, of Glasgow, and the following Life-boat services :— rescued from shipwreck her crew of twelve. Lives Also voted £511 5s. 4d. to pay the expenses Life-boat. Vessel. rescued. of the following Life-boat launches, assemblies Blakeney Barge Briton, of Lon- of crews, etc., with a view to assisting persons don 2 on vessels in distress :—Berwick-on-Tweed, Cromer No. 2 Schooner Gotha, of Buckie (Motor), Caister, Cromer No. 2, Dunbar, Bergkvara. Stood Hoylake, Johnshaven, Looe, Newhaven, North by vessel. Sunderland, Palling No. 1, Palling No. 2, Cresswell S.S. Bromma, of Chris- Poole and Bournemouth, Khoscolyn, Scar- tiania. Stood by borough, Sennen Cove (Motor), Stromness vessel. (Motor), Thurso, Wells, Whitby (Motor), and Flamborough S.S. #*errn Winterton No.2. No. 2 Stood by vessel. Hasborough Boat of s.s. Vildanden, A Letter of Thanks was sent to the Banff of Skien .... 4 and Macduff Life-boat crew, who assembled, Margate No. 1 . Barge Greenhithe, of but did not desire payment. London. Stood by Granted £3 to a man for injury in the Life- vessel. boat service, at Broughty Ferry. New Brighton S.S. Armagh, of Lon- No. 2 (Steam) don. Assisted to Voted a compassionate grant of £10 to the rescue . . . .104 relatives of the late Second Coxswain at Pad- Newbiggin . Two cobles of New- stow, H. BRENTON, who left six children in poor biggin. Stood by circumstances. cobles. Voted a compassionate grant of £10 to the Newhaven Schooner Flying Foam, widow of the late ex-Coxswain at Donna (Motor) of Bridgwater. Nook, SAMUEL PARRISH, who left a large family Stood by vessel. in poor circumstances.

Gifts from Life-boat Crews.

THE Institution has recently received save the s.s. Nephrite, of Glasgow, on gifts from four of its Crews out of 1st January last; from the Hauxley sums which they themselves have crew, which helped the s.s. Kapland, received for the salving of vessels: from also of Sandefjord. on 7th January the Aldeburgh No. 2 crew, which saved last, and from the Boulmer crew, the Norwegian whaler Chr. Crastberg, which helped the steam trawler Thomas of Sandefjord, on 9th November, 1923 ; Damson, of Hartlepool, on 24th January from the Cromer crew, which helped to last. JUNE, 1924 J THE LIFEBOAT. 163

Services of the Life-loats of the Institution during 1923.

Time of Persons rescued 192.;. Lauachiug. from shipwreck. Jan. 3. 2. 5 p.m. S.S. Djibravka, of Dubrovnik. Penlee Life-boat 27 5. 10.15 a.m. Motor fishing boat Robina, of Ilfracombe. Ilfraeombe Life-boat saved boat and rescued 3 „ 11- 1.30 a.m. Schooner Fred, of Simrishamn. Caister No. 1 Life-boat stood by and assisted vessel.. „ 13. 4.30 a.m. S.S. Spero, of Newcastle. Runswick Life-boat, assisted by the Whitby (Motor) Life-boat . 23 12.30 p.m. Steam trawler Lord Cecil, of Grimsby. Cromer and Palling No. 2 1.10p.m. Life-boats assisted to save vessel. „ 15. 12.30 a.m. Schooner Carmen, of Stockholm. Anstruther Life-boat ... 16 „ 16. 5.45 p.m. Steam drifter Viola, of Banff. Huna Life-boat stood by vessel. „ 17. 7.45 p.m. Motor lugger Lady Dyra, of Eastbourne. Eastbourne No. 2 Life- boat saved boat and rescued 3 „ 20. 11. 0a.m. Fishing yawls of Berwick-on-Tweed. Berwick-on-Tweed Life- boat stood by boats. „ 20. 1.45 p.m. Schooner Marian, of Padstow. Moelfre Life-boat landed 4. „ 20. 3.15p.m. S.S. Portlethen, of Aberdeen. Newburgh Life-boat 7 „ 20. 4.15 pm. Barge D^cima, of London. Clacton-on-Sea Life-boat saved vessel and rescued 2 „ 29. 3.30 p.m. S.S. Ophir, of Liverpool. Blackpool Life-boat landed 9. Feb. 2. 7.30 a.m. Motor schooner Alroy, of Falmouth. Rye Harbour Life-boat . 8 6. 4.30 a.m. Motor schooner Elsie, of Swansea. St. Ives Life-boat landed 4. „ 6. 9. 0 p.m. Hopper barge Goldensand, of Southampton. Bembridge Life-boat 4 „ 7. 6.30 a.m. Irish Free State patrol boat Slievenamon. Ballycotton Life-boat 14 „ 7. 7.50 a.m. S.S. Royal Firth, of Glasgow. Margate No. 2 Life-boat stood by

7. 8.50 a.m. Fishing boat Katie, of Dublin. Kingstown Life-boat .... 3 - „ 7. 9. 0 a.m. Seven fishing cobles of Filey. Filey Life-boat stood by cobles. 7. 10.45 a.m. Fishing yawls of Berwick. Berwick-on-Tweed Life-boat escorted yawls into harbour. 7. 10.45 a.m. Motor fishing boat Marie, of Scarborough. Scarborough Life-boat escorted boat into harbour. 9. 5.20 a.m. Steam collier Linhope, of Newcastle. Lowestoft Life-boat stood by vessel. 10. 8.15 a.m. Steam^trawler Premier, of Grimsby. Robin Hood's Bay Life-boat 164 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924.

Time of Persons rescued 19:3. Launching. from shipwreck. Feb. 11. 9.30 a.m. Steam trawler Dinorah, of Grimsby. Donna Nook Life-boat landed 4. 12. 6.10p.m. Motor fishing boat Providence, of Scarborough. Scarborough Life-boat escorted boat into harbour. 13. 9. 0 a.m. An obsolete cruis r. Sunderland Life-boat 6 17. 5.30 a.m. Barge John Vidler, of Rye. Folkestone Life-boat rendered assistance. 21. 10.15 a.m. Steam trawler Boy Daniel, of Shoreham. Eastbourne No. 2 Life-boat stood by vessel. 21. 10.25 a.m. Steam trawler Boy Djniil, of Shoreham. Newhaven Life-boat rendered assistance. 22. 5.10p.m. Schooner Mary Jones, of Chester. St. Ives Life-boat rendered assistance and landed 4. 23. 4. 0 a.m. S.S. Cragside, of Newcastle. Weymouth Life-boat landed 10. Ketch Phoenix, of Plymouth. Weymouth Life-boat landed 2. 25. 9.15 a.m. S.S. Sabina, of Bilbao. Port Erin Life-boat stood by and assisted vessel. 26. 10.30 a.m. Motor fishing yawls Annie Smith, Sunbeam, Pioneer, and Sun- shine, of Arbroath. Arbroath Life-boat stood by fishing yawls. 26. 10.45 a.m. Fishing coble Bertha May, of Scarborough. Scarborough Life- boat escorted coble into harbour. Fishing coble Providence, of Scarborough. Scarborough Life-boat 3 26. 11.30 a.m. A fishing coble of Staithes, and motor fishing boat Remembrance, of Whitby. Whitby (Motor) Life-boat escorted boats into harbour. 10.30 a.m. Motor fishing yawl Guide, of St. Abbs. St. Abbs Life-boat escorted yawl into harbour. 11.55 a.m. A fishing coble of Staithes. Runswick Life-boajt escorted coble into harbour. „ 26. 12.45 p.m. Schooner Tevija, of Riga. Tenby Life-boat 9 „ 26. 1.35 p.m. Fishing boats of Bridlington. Bridlington Life-boat escorted boats into harbour. 2.20 p.m. Schooner K.T., of Arklow. Wicklow Life-boat landed 4. 8. 0 p.m. S.S. Southwark, of Barrow-in-Furness. Abersoch Life-boat landed 11. 4.15 a.m. French ketch Camilla. Tenby Life-boat 4 8.20 a.m. French ketch Hirondette. Aldeburgh No. 1 Life-boat saved vessel ~~~~ and rescued 3 Mar. 20. 2.30 p.m. Fishing boat St. Quintin, of Wexford. Wexford Life-boat assisted to save vessel and rescued 4 April 1. 11. Oa.m. Fishing cobles Victory and Reliance, of Scarborough. Scarborough Life-boat escorted cobles into harbour. 8. 10.15 a.m. S.S. Emmanuel, of Piraeus. Gorleston No. 1 Life-boat saved vessel. 8. 4.40 p.m. S.S. Unicorn, of Milford. Plymouth Life-boat 2 9. 7.30 a.m. S.S. Fetlar, of Dundalk. Blackrock Life-boat landed 2. „ 12. 12.30 a.m. Smack Tehgraph, of Boston. Blakeney Life-boat stood by vessel. „ 12. 3. 0 a.m. S.S. Kamfjord, of Christiania. Cresswell Life-boat assisted vessel. „ 16. 12.15a.m. Steam trawler Burgemeester Ripping, of Maassluis. Lowestoft Life-boat assisted vessel. 2.55 a.m. Boat of S.S. DMmail, of Newcastle. Barry Dock Life-boat rendered assistance. 10.15 a.m. S.S. Nystrand, of Skien. Cromer Life-boat stood by vessel. JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 165

1923. Time o> Persons rescued Launching. from shipwreck. April 21. 10.15p.m. Barge Jeffie, of Rochester. Southend-on-Sea Life-boat ... 2 „ 25. 4.10p.m. Barge John Vidler, of Rye. Walton-on-the-Naze Life-boat stood by vessel. May 1. 5.30 p.m. Motor vessel Fimmo, of Geestemunde. Appledore Boarding-boat landed 9, „ 13. 5.55 p.m. Yacht Irene, of Rochester. Clacton-on-Sea Life-boat saved vessel and rescued 2 June 10. 1.50 a.m. S.S. Nivelle, of London. The Lizard Life-boat 20 „ 10. 10.40 a.m. Coble Isabella, of Sunderland. Cullercoats Life-boat .... 3 „ 10, 10.50a.m. A fishing boat of Whitburn. Sunderland Life-boat 3 „ 10. 2. 8 p.m. Spanish cruiser Cataluna. Selsey Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 16. 7.40a.m. Shrimp boat Boy Arthur, of Lowestoft. Lowestoft Life-boat saved boat and rescued 2 July 14. 6. 0 a.m. Ketch Polly, of Blyth. Runswick Life-boat rendered assistance. ,, 19. 6.40 a.m. Smack Hepalica, of Lowestoft. Cromer Life-boat assisted vessel. ,, 26. 2. 0 p.m. Boat of trawler Iverno, of Lowestoft. Gorleston No, 1 Life-boat S Aug. 2. 5.45 p.m. Ketch Jessamine, of Annalong. Port St. Mary Life-boat ... 4 „ 2. 6.30 p.m. A fishing boat of Benllech. Moelfre Life-boat 3 „ 2. S. 0 p.m. Motor boat Moonbeam, of Liverpool. Pwllheli Life-boat saved boat. „ 3. 11.35 a.m. Yacht Welcome, of Liverpool. Hilbre Island Life-boat saved vessel and rescued 3 „ 22. 2. 0 p.m. Sailing boat Silver Spray, of Minehead. Minehead Life-boat. . 1 „ 24. 6.30 p.m. Coble Pansy, of Whitby. Whitby (Motor) Life-boat .... 2 Cobles Providence and Maria, of Whitby. Whitby (Motor) Life- boat stood by and escorted cobles into harbour. „ 26. 5.59 p.m. Yacht Quickstep, of Hayling Island. Bembridge Life-boat . . 1 „ 27. 1. 0 p.m. A small rowing boat. Porthdinllaen Life-boat 5 „ 28. 9,30 p.m. Brigantine Helgoland, of Plymouth. Brixham Life-boat stood by t vessel. „ 29. 5, 0 p.m. Sloop Spring, of Hull. Spurn Life-boat saved vessel and rescued & „ 30. 7.12a.m. S.S. East Neulc, of Aberdeen. Eyemouth Life-boat .... 5 „ 30. 7.30 a.m. Barge Aubrey, of Faversham. Palling No. 1 Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 30, 9.30 a.m. Barge Oceanic, of London. Walton-on-the-Naze Life-boat saved vessel and rescued 5 „ 30. 11.0a.m. Fishing boat Trixie, of Skegness. Skegness Life-boat saved boat. ,, 30. 4.30 p.m. A small boat. "Rhoscolyn Life-boat 1 Sept. 6. 10. 0 p.m. Four persons weatherbound on Puffin Island. Beaumaris Life- boat landed 4. „ 9. 5.15 a.m. S.S, Emerald, of Boulogne, Mevagissey Life-boat .... 13 „ 12. 9.47 a.m. S.S. Citos, of Helsingborg. Longhope Life-boat 8 „ 13. 2.15 p.m. Schooner Pearl, of Wexford. Wexford Boarding-boat assisted to save vessel and rescued 3 „ 16, 1. 0 p.m. Motor cruiser Dancingicay. Barry Dock Life-boat saved boat and rescued . 7 „ 1L 10.45a.m. Five fishing boats of Gourdon. Gourdon Life-boat stood by boats. „ 20. 2.45 a.m. S.S. Excellent, of Boulogne. Newhaven Life-boat 21 „ 25. 11.15 p.m. Steam trawler Portsmouth, of Grimsby. Spurn Life-boat saved vessel and rescued 9 „ 28. 7. 0 a.m. S.S. Elidir, of Port Dinorwic. Moelfre Life-boat stood by vessel. - „ 29. 5.45 a.m. S.S. Gutfeld, of Hamburg. Sennen Cove Life-boat rendered assistance. 166 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE, 1924.

1923. Time of Persons rescued Launching. from shipwreck. Sept. 29. 11.35 p.m. S.S. BerviUe, of Rouen. Coverack Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 30. 8.30 a.m. S.S. Nicolas Norbert, of Boulogne. Penlee Life-boat stood by and assisted vessel. ,, 30. 8.40 a.m. S.S. Charbonnier, of Havre. Porthleven Life-boat stood by and rendered assistance. Oct. 3. 10.30 a.m. Motor-boat Elsie, of Tenby. Tenby Life-boat 3 Schooner Mary Waters, of Padstow. Tenby Life-boat ... 5 „ 3. Noon. Trawler Osprey, of Brixham. Brixham Life-boat landed 2. Trawler Espero, of Brixham. Brixham Life-boat landed 2. S.S. Torvald, of Landskrona,. S.S. Tvscarora, of Sunderland, and eight trawlers. Brixham Life-boat rendered assistance. 4. 4.50 a.m. Ketch Fearless, of London. North Deal Life-boat 2 7. 12.50 p.m. Motor vessel Bonaventure, of Leith. Skateraw Life-boat stood by

3.15 p.m. S.S. City of Westminster, of Liverpool. Sennen Cove Life-boat 13 3.25 p.m. S.S. City of Westminster, of Liverpool. Penlee Life-boat . 35 \ 9.15 p.m. Motor vessel Garthavon, of Bristol. New Brighton No. 2 Life-boat stood by vessel. 1. 0 p.m. Steam trawler Imperial Prince, of Aberdeen. Newburgh Life- boat 1.30 a.m. S.S. Dalton, of Newcastle. Bembridge Life-boat stood by vessel. 7.30 a.m. Fishing boat Jean II., of Boulogne. Lowestoft Life-boat . 7. 0 a.m. Seven fishing cobles of Newbiggin. Newbiggin Life-boat rendered assistance. 5.33 a.m. Barge Cetus, of London. Swanage Life-boat stood by vessel. Barge Carson, of Yarmouth. Swanage Life-boat stood by vessel. 11.30 a.m. Schooner Haven, of Binie. Mumbles Life-boat 5 10.15 p.m. Schooner Baltic, of Liverpool. Beaumaris Life-boat landed 2. Schooner Mary Ann, of Faversham. Beaumaris Life-boat landed 5. „ 29. 2. 0 p.m. Bowing boat Alice, of Llandudno. Llandudno Life-boat . „ 29. 5.30 p.m. Schooner Baltic, of Liverpool. Beaumaris Life-boat landed 4. Nov. 7. 11.30 a.m. Eleven cobles of Scarborough. Scarborough Life-boat escorted cobles into harbour. 11.45 a.m. Five motor fishing boats of Whitby. Whitby No. 2 Life-boat escorted boats into harbour. 4.15 a.m. Whaler Chr. Crastberg, of Sandefjord. Aldeburgh No. 2 Life-boat saved vessel and rescued 7.30 a.m. S.S. Casthisland, of Belfast. Donaghadee Life-boat .... 12.30 p.m. Motor fishing boat Felicity, of Scarborough. Scarborough Life- boat escorted boat into harbour. 12.50 p.m. Motor fishing boat Mizpah, of Whitby. Whitby (Motor) Life- boat escorted boat into harbour. 9. 12.50 p.m. Eight fishing vessels of Bridlington. Bridlington Life-boat escorted vessels into harbour. Motor fishing boat John Bruce, of Grimsby. Bridlington Life-boat escorted boat into harbour. 7.30 p.m. Schooner Ellie Park, of Barrow. Wexford Life-boat .... 14. 8.25 a.m. Steam trawler Jean Dore, of Boulogne. Newhaven Life-boat assisted to save vessel and rescued ... 15. 10. 0 a.m. Fishing coble Gordon, of Clovelly. Clovelly Life-boat .... 15. 11. 0 a.m. Fishing fleet of Arbroath. Arbroath Life-boat stood by fishing fleet. JUNE, 1924.] THE LIFEBOAT. 167

1923. Time of Persons rescued Launching. from shipwreck. Nov. 15. 11.30 a.m. Nine fishing yawls of Montrose, and three steam drifters. Montrose No. 1 Life-boat stood by yawls and drifters. „ 15. 12.15 p.m. Fishing boat Irene, of Preston. St. Anne's Life-boat ". . . . I „ 15. 12.15 p.m. Motor fishing coble Sea Queen, of Beadnell. North Sunderland Life-boat 4 15. 12.30 p.m. Four fishing cobles of Scarborough. Scarborough Life-boat stood by cobles. „ 15. 5. 0 p.m. Schooner Hanna Jensen, of Hamburg, dovelly Life-boat landed 8. „ 16. 7.10p.m. Barque. Drott, of Halmstad. Ly tham Life-boat 8 „ 16. 10. 0 p.m. S.S. His, of Liverpool. New Brighton No. 2 Life-boat ... 7 Tug Spurn, of Liverpool. New Brighton No. 2 Life-boat ... 5 „ 26. 7. 0 p.m. Steam trawler Glenslar, of North Shields. Cresswell Life-boat assisted to save vessel. „ 28. 9. 0 a.m. Four fishing cobles of Newbiggin. Newbiggin Life-boat stood by cobles. „ 30. 9.30 p.m. S.S. Watchful, of Aberdeen. Gorleston No. 2 Life-boat stood by vessel. „ 30. 9.45 p.m. S.S. Leon Pancaldo, of Savona. Ardrossan Life-boat rendered assistance. Dec. 2. 7.55 p.m. Steam drifter Mishe Nahma, of Yarmouth. Winterton No. 1 Life-boat assisted to save vessel and rescued 10 4. 11.40 a.m. Two fishing cobles of Newbiggin. Newbiggin Life-boat stood by cobles. 4. Noon. S.S. Nicolas Pateras, of Greece. North Deal Life-boat assisted to save vessel and rescued 22 7. 7.40 a.m. Schooner Whitriggs, of Chester. Holyhead No. 1 Life-boat saved vessel and rescued 2 „ 13. 1.45 p.m. An aeroplane. Bye Harbour Life-boat salved aeroplane. „ 15. 7.50 p.m. S.S. Armagh, ol London. New Brighton No. 2 Life-boat assisted to rescue 104 „ 19. 9. 0 p.m. Barge Briton, of London. Blakeney Life-boat 2 „ 21. 6.48 p.m. Schooner Gotha, of Bergkvara, Cromer No. 2 Life-boat stood by vessel. „ 21-22. Midnight. Steam trawler Davara, of Fleetwood. Piel (Barrow) Life-boat stood by vessel. 23. 11.30 a.m. Boat of S.S. Vildanden, of SMen. Hasborough Life-boat . . . 23. 8.45 p.m. The Longsand Lightship. Walton-on-the-Naze Life-boat rendered assistance. 25. Fishing boat Peggy, of St. Ives. St. Ives Life-boat assisted to save boat and rescued 5 28. 9.15 a.m. Barge Greenhilhe, of London. Margate No. 1 Life-boat stood by vessel. 28. 12. 5 p.m. Schooner Flying Foam, of Bridgwater. Newhaven Life-boat stood by vessel. 30. 10.45 a.m. Coble Friendship, of Scarborough. Scarborough Life-boat rescued 31. 6. 0 p.m. S.S. Hibernia, of Blyth. Flamborough No. 2 Life-boat stood by vessel. Total lives rescued from shipwreck by the Life-boats in 1923, in addition to which the Life-boats saved, or assisted to save, 24 vessels and boats 593 Life-boats also landed 90 persons, who were brought ashore in the Life-boats as a precautionary measure. Rewards were also granted by the Institution in the same period for rescuing from shipwreck by means of Fishing and other Boats, etc 128 Total for 1923 721 168 THE LIFEBOAT. [JUNE. 1924. Awards to Honorary Workers. To Mr. RICHARD BINNY, upon his resignation been awarded to the following Honorary after 15 years' service as Honorary Secretary Secretaries, in recognition of their valu- of the Padstow Branch, the Thanks of the Institution inscribed on Vellum. able co-operation for periods of ten To the Rev. Canon GOLDSMITH, upon his years and upwards :— resignation after 7 years' service as Honorary Secretary of the Aldeburgh Branch, the Capt. E. ROBIN, of Plymouth. Thanks of the Institution inscribed on C. LBNKOX SINCLAIR, Esq., of Chichester. e um' Mrs. HODGETTS, of Lewisham. To Mr. F. P. ipon after 9 J years' service as HoHonorari y Secretary Mrs. FWFE, of Streatham. of the Scarborough Branch, a Barometer. Major A. C. F. LUTTRELL, of Axminster. Framed photographs of a Life-boat Rev. Canon HOWELL, of Gourock. going out to a vessel in distress have DAVID Dow, Esq., of Kirkintilloch.

News from the Branches. ON account of the simultaneous pub- j supplement, with an account of the lication with this issue of a special Cen- i various Centenary Celebrations carried tenary Number, and our intention to out by the Branches, it has been decided publish in the next issue, wh;ch will to omit this feature from the present appear in November, an illustrated! issue.

Centenary Publications and Souvenirs. " Britain's Life-boats : The Story of a Century of Heroic Service." By Major A. J. DAWSON, with an Introduction by H.R.H. the PBI.VCE OF WALES, K.Gr., President of the Royal National Life-boat Institution, and a Fore- word by JOSEPH CONKAO ...... 7s. Sd. Edition de Luxe £220 Edition de Luxe, signed by the Prince of Wales • £550 Statuette of a Life-boatman ...... 2s. Sd. A special statuette of a Life-boatman, made from the metal of the old Caister Life-boat, which saved 116 lives . . . . . Is. Bd. The same statuette with an ash-tray attached, also made from the metal of the Caister Boat 10s. Gd. (Of these two there is, of course, only a very limited number.) Life-boat Book-markers ...... 2d. Metal Pincushion in the form of a Life-boat ..... Is. 6d. Cardboard Pincushion in the form of a Life-boat . . ... 6