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This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Social Reality and Mythic Worlds Reflections on Folk Belief and the Supernatural in James Macpherson’s Ossian and Elias Lönnrot’s Kalevala Ersev Ersoy PhD THE UNIVERSITY of EDINBURGH OILTHIGH DHÙN ÈIDEANN 2012 Abstract This thesis investigates the representation of social reality that can be reflected by folk belief and the supernatural within mythic worlds created in epic poetry. Although the society, itself, can be regarded as the creator of its own myth, it may still be subjected to the impact of the synthesized mythic world, and this study seeks to address the roles of the society in the shaping of such mythic worlds. The research is inspired by an innovative approach, using James Macpherson’s Ossian (1760-63) and Elias Lönnrot’s Kalevala (1835-49) as epic models that benefit from mythical traditions. -
Daughters of the Vale of Tears
TUULA-HANNELE IKONEN Daughters of the Vale of Tears Ethnographic Approach with Socio-Historical and Religious Emphasis to Family Welfare in the Messianic Jewish Movement in Ukraine 2000 ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the board of the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the University of Tampere, for public discussion in the Väinö Linna-Auditorium K104, Kalevantie 5, Tampere, on February 27th, 2013, at 12 o’clock. UNIVERSITY OF TAMPERE ACADEMIC DISSERTATION University of Tampere School of Social Sciences and Humanities Finland Copyright ©2013 Tampere University Press and the author Distribution Tel. +358 40 190 9800 Bookshop TAJU [email protected] P.O. Box 617 www.uta.fi/taju 33014 University of Tampere http://granum.uta.fi Finland Cover design by Mikko Reinikka Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 1809 Acta Electronica Universitatis Tamperensis 1285 ISBN 978-951-44-9059-0 (print) ISBN 978-951-44-9060-6 (pdf) ISSN-L 1455-1616 ISSN 1456-954X ISSN 1455-1616 http://acta.uta.fi Tampereen Yliopistopaino Oy – Juvenes Print Tampere 2013 Abstract This ethnographic approach with socio•historical and religious emphasis focuses on the Mission view of Messianic Jewish women in Ukraine circa 2000. The approach highlights especially the meaning of socio•historical and religious factors in the emergence of the Mission view of Messianic Jewish women. Ukraine, the location of this study case, is an ex•Soviet country of about 48 million citizens with 100 ethnic nationalities. Members of the Jewish Faith form one of those ethnic groups. Following the Russian revolution in 1989 and then the establishing of an independent Ukraine in 1991, the country descended into economic disaster with many consequent social problems. -
Anssi Halmesvirta the British Conception of the Finnish
Anssi Halmesvirta The British conception of the Finnish 'race', nation and culture, 1760-1918 Societas Historica Finlandiae Suomen Historiallinen Seura Finska Historiska Samfundet Studia Historica 34 Anssi Häme svida The British conception of the Finnish 'race', nation and culture, 1760 1918 SHS / Helsinki / 1990 Cover by Rauno Endén "The Bombardment of Sveaborg" (9-10 of August, 1855). A drawing by J. W. Carmichael, artist from the Illustrated London News ISSN 0081-6493 ISBN 951-8915-28-8 GUMMERUS KIRJAPAINO OY JYVÄSKYLÄ 1990 Contents PREFACE 7 INTRODUCTION 8 1. THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY IMAGE OF THE FINN 29 1.1. Some precedents 29 1.2. The naturalists' view 36 1.3. The historians' view 43 1.4. Travel accounts 53 2. ON THE NORTH-EASTERN FRONTIER OF CIVILIZATION: THE EVOLUTION OF THE FINNS 81 2.1. The science of race 81 2.2. The place of the Finn in British pre-evolutionary anthropology, 1820-1855 88 2.3. Philology, ethnology and politics: the evolution of Finnish 111 2.4. The political and cultural status of Finland, 1809-1856: British perceptions 130 2.5. Agitation, war and aftermath 150 3. ARYANS OR MONGOLS? — BRITISH THEORIES OF FINNISH ORIGINS 167 4. THE FINNS, THEIR KALEVALA AND THEIR CULTURE.. 191 5. COMPARATIVE POLITICS AND BRITISH PERCEPTIONS OF THE PROGRESS OF THE FINNS, 1860-1899 209 5 6. BRITISH RESPONSES TO THE FINNISH-RUSSIAN CONSTITUTIONAL CONTENTION, 1899-1918 239 6.1. Immediate reactions 239 6.2. The Finnish question: variations on a Liberal theme 253 6.2.1. The constitutionalist argument 253 6.2.2. A compromise 266 6.2.3. -
The Marrow of Human Experience
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All USU Press Publications USU Press 2006 The Marrow of Human Experience William A. Wilson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/usupress_pubs Part of the Folklore Commons, and the History of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Wilson, W. A., Rudy, J. T., & Call, D. (2006). The marrow of human experience: Essays on folklore. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press. This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the USU Press at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All USU Press Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Marrow of Human Experience ESSAYS ON FOLKLORE William A. Wilson Edited by Jill Terry Rudy The Marrow of Human Experience The Marrow of Human Experience ! Essays on Folklore By William A. Wilson Edited by Jill Terry Rudy with the assistance of Diane Call Utah State University Press Logan, UT Copyright © 2006 Utah State University Press All rights reserved Utah State University Press Logan, Utah 84322–7800 www.usu.edu/usupress/ Manufactured in the United States of America Printed on acid-free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wilson, William Albert. The marrow of human experience : essays on folklore / by William A. Wilson ; edited by Jill Terry Rudy with the assistance of Diane Call. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-0-87421-653-0 (pbk.) ISBN- 0-87421-545-5 (e-book) ISBN-10: 0-87421-653-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Folklore and nationalism. 2. -
Finnish Studies
JOURNAL OF INNISH TUDIES F S From Cultural Knowledge to Cultural Heritage: Finnish Archives and Their Reflections of the People Guest Editors Pia Olsson and Eija Stark Theme Issue of the Journal of Finnish Studies Volume 18 Number 1 October 2014 ISSN 1206-6516 ISBN 978-1-937875-96-1 JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE Journal of Finnish Studies, Department of English, 1901 University Avenue, Evans 458 (P.O. Box 2146), Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341-2146, USA Tel. 1.936.294.1402; Fax 1.936.294.1408 SUBSCRIPTIONS, ADVERTISING, AND INQUIRIES Contact Business Office (see above & below). EDITORIAL STAFF Helena Halmari, Editor-in-Chief, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hanna Snellman, Co-Editor, University of Helsinki; [email protected] Scott Kaukonen, Assoc. Editor, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hilary Joy Virtanen, Asst. Editor, Finlandia University; hilary.virtanen@finlandia. edu Sheila Embleton, Book Review Editor, York University; [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Börje Vähämäki, Founding Editor, JoFS, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Raimo Anttila, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles Michael Branch, Professor Emeritus, University of London Thomas DuBois, Professor, University of Wisconsin Sheila Embleton, Distinguished Research Professor, York University Aili Flint, Emerita Senior Lecturer, Associate Research Scholar, Columbia University Richard Impola, Professor Emeritus, New Paltz, New York Daniel Karvonen, Senior Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Andrew Nestingen, Associate Professor, University of Washington, Seattle Jyrki Nummi, Professor, Department of Finnish Literature, University of Helsinki Juha Pentikäinen, Professor, Institute for Northern Culture, University of Lapland Douglas Robinson, Professor, Dean, Hong Kong Baptist University Oiva Saarinen, Professor Emeritus, Laurentian University, Sudbury George Schoolfield, Professor Emeritus, Yale University Beth L. -
Two Hundred Years of Finnish Romani Linguistics1
TWO HUNDRED YEARS OF FINNISH ROMANI LINGUISTICS1 Kimmo Granqvist ABSTRACT In Finnish Romani linguistics, a historical standpoint was accentuated for a long time. The historical-comparative paradigm still had a strong impact on studies of Finnish Romani in the latter half of the 20th century. Early Finnish Romani linguistics is furthermore characterized by concretism, lack of theoretical ambitions, and emphasis on data. Word lists and dictionaries are still available in intervals of a few decades from the late 18th century up to the present day. At the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland, much emphasis was put on lexicography and data collection during the 1990s, according to the scientific ideals that then prevailed in Fennistic studies. At the beginning the 21st century, the central themes of research shifted to phonetics, phonology and morphosyntax in accordance with the interests and training of linguists. Still, very few papers have been published on language sociology and sociolinguistics. Active language planning of Finnish Romani and strong efforts to develop a written standard for the language were initiated at the turn of the 1970s. Nowadays the most central language-planning organ is the Romani language board. 1. INTRODUCTION Since the latter half of the 20th century, at least three relatively homogenous periods can be distinguished in Finnish Romani linguistics. The shifts between these periods have occurred less because of scientific revolutions in the sense of Kuhn, but rather because old actors have been replaced by new ones. The resources of Romani Linguistics have always been extremely limited in Finland, 1 The introduction of this paper is based on my earlier paper, Advances in Finnish Romani Linguistics: Researchers and Paradigms (Granqvist 2009). -
Lived Nation As the History of Experiences and Emotions In
PALGRAVE STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF EXPERIENCE Lived Nation as the History of Experiences and Emotions in Finland, – Edited by Ville Kivimäki Sami Suodenjoki · Tanja Vahtikari Palgrave Studies in the History of Experience Series Editors Pirjo Markkola Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University Tampere, Finland Raisa Maria Toivo Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University Tampere, Finland Ville Kivimäki Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University Tampere, Finland This series, a collaboration between Palgrave Macmillan and the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in the History of Experience (HEX) at Tampere University, will publish works on the histories of experience across historical time and global space. History of experience means, for the series, individual, social, and collective experiences as historically conditioned phenomena. ‘Experience’ refers here to a theoretically and methodologically conceptualized study of human experiences in the past, not to any study of ‘authentic’ or ‘essentialist’ experiences. More precisely, the series will offer a forum for the historical study of human experiencing, i.e. of the varying preconditions, factors, and possibilities shaping past experiences. Furthermore, the series will study the human institutions, communities, and the systems of belief, knowledge, and meaning as based on accumulated (and often conficting) experiences. The aim of the series is to deepen the methodology and conceptualiza- tion of the history of lived experiences, going beyond essentialism. As the series editors see it, the history of experience can provide a bridge between structures, ideology, and individual agency, which has been a diffcult gap to close for historians and sociologists. The approach opens doors to see, study, and explain historical experiences as a social fact, which again offers new insights on society. -
Where Is the Sphere of Finland? : the Relationship Between Greater Finland and “Finnishness” During the World Wars
Where is the Sphere of Finland? : The Relationship between Greater Finland and “Finnishness” during the World Wars Yuko ISHINO (Kanazawa University) Introduction “Greater Finland (Suur-Suomi in Finnish)” is seen as Finnish irredentism or expansionism, mainly towards Russian Karelia. This concept surfaced in the 19th century when Finland was under the Russian Empire. Greater Finland was related to Finnish ethnic ties to Karelians, mainly living in Russian Karelia, who seemed to speak a dialect similar to Finnish. Just before Finnish independence in December 1917, Russian Karelia became the target of irredenta for Finland. After the outbreak of the First World War, the movement towards annexation of this area and the absorption of Karelians into Finland began and continued until the end of the Second World War. In Finland, “Greater Finland” has been examined from a political perspective or the notion of common ethnicity with Karelians. However, the concept of Greater Finland paralleled the development of Finns’ national consciousness or “Finnishness” is seldom mentioned. Conversely, it is well known that Finnish intellectuals sought for their “Finnishness”, especially during the 19th century—the same time that Greater Finland appeared. But even after Finland became independent, Finnish intellectuals continued to seek Finnishness, which was by no means inferior to its European counterparts. Finland had been termed as backward, and has derogatorily called “Asia in Europe”. Such references were hardly reversed even after Finland gained its independence. Under these circumstances, Finnish intellectuals attempted at emphasizing the role of Finland in Europe. Considering the relationship between Greater Finland and Finnishnesss, this study examines the following points: First, this study provides an overview of the transition of Greater Finland. -
The Myths of Finnishness on the Pages of History
THE MYTHS OF FINNISHNESS ON THE PAGES OF HISTORY MA Thesis Veronika Edelmann 6974848 History of Politics and Society Utrecht University Dr. Jacobson June 20th, 2021 Word count: 12 989 The cover page of Uusi Kuvalehti from March 30th, 1899. National Library of Finland Abstract This research is a contribution to the modern trend of deconstructing Finnish history’s nationalistic elements, which has dominated Finnish historiography over the past decades. During the first period of Russification, from 1899 to 1905, the prevailing policy of cultural and political oppression implemented by the Tsarist government inspired vocal counter-reactions among the Finnish subjects. The dissatisfaction culminated in the mass mobilization of the population in the October 1905 week-long general strike, which brought the prior six years of Russification to an end. In the ninety years that preceded the implementation of the Russification policies in February 1899, a distinct Finnish national identity had developed rapidly, manifesting in for instance the arts, literature, and folklore. Among others, Benedict Anderson and Eric Hobsbawm theorize that printed press and cultural mediums, such as paintings, were integral enablers in the proliferation of nationalism. Deriving from a theoretical framework that focuses on cultural means of spreading nationalism, this thesis examines the contribution of two contemporary cultural publications, Uusi Kuvalehti and its successor Helsingin Kaiku, in disseminating nationalistic narratives in Finland during 1899-1905. Contemporary pieces of art are used as complimentary evidence. The narratives perpetuated in these representations of the contemporary media are analyzed through the methodological lens of four foundational myths as identified by historian Sirkka Ahonen. -
Sweden's Near-Involvement in the Crimean War As A
Scandinavica Vol 58 No 2 2019 Scandinavica Vol 58 No 2 2019 Riste, O. (2005). Norway’s Foreign Relations. A History. Oslo: National Revanchism at a Universitetsforlaget. Sandvik, P.T. (2018). Nasjonens velstand. Norges økonomiske Critical Juncture: historie 1800–1940. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget. Salmon, P. (1993). Foreign Policy and National Identity. The Sweden’s Near-Involvement in the Norwegian Integrity Treaty 1907-24. Oslo: Institutt for forsvarsstudier. Sasley, B. (2013). ‘Emotions in International Relations’, Crimean War as a Study in Swedish in E-International Relations June 12 2013, http://www.e-ir. Nationalism info/2013/06/10/to-be-or-not-to-be-nude-the-predictable-feminist- outrage/ (Last accessed: 22 March 2018). Scheer, M. (2012). ‘Are emotions a kind of practice (and is that what Mart Kuldkepp makes them have a history)? A Bordieuian approach to understanding emotion’, in History and Theory, 51 (May), pp.193–220. Department of Scandinavian Studies, UCL Stearn, P. (2016). ‘Emotions and Change: Where History Comes in’, in Ariffin, Y., Coicaud, J.-M. and Popovski, V. (eds.), Emotions in Abstract International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. This article argues that the persistent revanchist feelings in Sweden 48–64. vis-à-vis Russia over the loss of Finland in 1809 constitute a broad Sørensen, Ø. (2001). Kampen om Norges sjel, vol. 3 in Norsk undercurrent in Sweden’s otherwise peaceful modern history. The idéhistorie, Oslo: Aschehoug. Franco-British attempts to draw Sweden into the Crimean War (1853– The Duke of Cambridge (2018). ‘Duke of Cambridge gives speech at 1856) against Russia are studied as an example of one such ‘critical black-tie dinner at Royal Palace in Oslo [1.2.2018]’, http://royalcentral. -
Russia's Western Borderlands, 1710-1870
RUSSIA'S WESTERN BORDERLANDS, 1710-1870 Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/2/15 9:14 PM Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/2/15 9:14 PM RUSSIA'S WESTERN BORDERLANDS, 1710-1870 EDWARD C. THADEN with the collaboration of MARIANNA FORSTER THADEN Princeton University Press Princeton, New Jersey Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/2/15 9:14 PM Copyright © 1984 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom Princeton University Press, Guildford, Surrey All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data will be found on the last printed page of this book ISBN-0-691-05420-7 This book has been composed in Linotron Caledonia and Bodoni Clothbound editions of Princeton University Press Books are pnnted on acid-free paper, and binding materials are chosen for strength and durability Pnnted in the United States of America by Princeton University Press Princeton, New Jersey Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/2/15 9:14 PM CONTENTS PREFACE Vll ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix ABBREVIATIONS AND LIST OF MAPS xi Part One: The Eighteenth Century 1. Estland and Livland: Two Privileged Provinces, 1710-1762 5 2. Catherine II and Baltic Rights and Privileges 18 3. Eastern Belorussia, Lithuania, and the Right-Bank Ukraine 32 Part Two: Polish, Finnish, and Baltic Autonomy, 1796-1830 4. The Polish Provinces 63 5. The Grand Duchy of Finland 81 6. Livland, Estland, and Kurland 96 Part Three: Centralization and Decentralization, 1830-1870 7. The Western Gubernii 121 8. Congress -
Observations on the Finnish Grammar of Rasmus Rask Petri LAUERMA
DEBRECENI EGYETEM FOLIA URALICA DEBRECENIENSIA 26. FINNUGOR NYELVTUDOMÁNYI TANSZÉK DEBRECEN, 2019 Observations on the Finnish grammar of Rasmus Rask Petri LAUERMA Institute for the Languages of Finland, Helsinki [email protected] Though the famous Danish scholar Rasmus Rask (1787–1832) was one of the founders of comparative Indo-European linguistics, his studies also cov- ered many non-Indo-European languages. In his book on the origin of the Old Norse or Icelandic language Rask (1818) compared Icelandic to various European languages and concluded that Icelandic is related to Germanic, Romance and Slavic languages, but not to Finnish, Hungarian or Greenlandic. Rask started this study as early as 1811, when the Danish Academy of Sciences announced a competition to study the origins of Scandinavian languages. It was this project that led Rask to study also Finnish, though later he was more interested in other Finno-Ugric languages, especially Saami, whose possible relationship with Greenlandic puzzled Rask (Hovdhaugen – Karlsson – Hen- riksen – Sigurd 2000: 159–164, 211–212; Häkli 2017: 8–10). Rask’s earliest notes on Finnish are from the years 1810–1811. These were based on studies conducted on his own, but as early as 1812 Rask found his first Finnish teacher. During a trip to Stockholm Rask met Franz Mikael Franzén (1772–1847), a poet, historian and clergyman, who had written his dissertation on linguistics and had worked in Abo university before he fled to Sweden after Finland’s occupation by Russia in 1808–1809. Five years later Rask had another opportunity to study Finnish briefly in Stockholm, this time under the guidance of historian Adolf Ivar Arwidsson (1791–1858), who lent him the latest Finnish grammar written by Johan Strahlman (1816) (Häkli 2017: 8–10).