DOCSLIB.ORG

Finnish Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Finnish Studies JOURNAL OF INNISH TUDIES F S From Cultural Knowledge to Cultural Heritage: Finnish Archives and Their Reflections of the People Guest Editors Pia Olsson and Eija Stark Theme Issue of the Journal of Finnish Studies Volume 18 Number 1 October 2014 ISSN 1206-6516 ISBN 978-1-937875-96-1 JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE Journal of Finnish Studies, Department of English, 1901 University Avenue, Evans 458 (P.O. Box 2146), Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341-2146, USA Tel. 1.936.294.1402; Fax 1.936.294.1408 SUBSCRIPTIONS, ADVERTISING, AND INQUIRIES Contact Business Office (see above & below). EDITORIAL STAFF Helena Halmari, Editor-in-Chief, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hanna Snellman, Co-Editor, University of Helsinki; [email protected] Scott Kaukonen, Assoc. Editor, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hilary Joy Virtanen, Asst. Editor, Finlandia University; hilary.virtanen@finlandia. edu Sheila Embleton, Book Review Editor, York University; [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Börje Vähämäki, Founding Editor, JoFS, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Raimo Anttila, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles Michael Branch, Professor Emeritus, University of London Thomas DuBois, Professor, University of Wisconsin Sheila Embleton, Distinguished Research Professor, York University Aili Flint, Emerita Senior Lecturer, Associate Research Scholar, Columbia University Richard Impola, Professor Emeritus, New Paltz, New York Daniel Karvonen, Senior Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Andrew Nestingen, Associate Professor, University of Washington, Seattle Jyrki Nummi, Professor, Department of Finnish Literature, University of Helsinki Juha Pentikäinen, Professor, Institute for Northern Culture, University of Lapland Douglas Robinson, Professor, Dean, Hong Kong Baptist University Oiva Saarinen, Professor Emeritus, Laurentian University, Sudbury George Schoolfield, Professor Emeritus, Yale University Beth L. Virtanen, Professor, South University Online Keijo Virtanen, Professor, University of Turku Marianne Wargelin, Independent Scholar, Minneapolis SUBSCRIPTION RATES 2014-15 (2 ISSUES PER YEAR) Individuals: US $40 Institutions: US $50 Europe €40 Europe €50 ADVERTISEMENTS (BLACK & WHITE ONLY) Half page $50/€50 Full page $100/€100 Inside back cover $200/€200 Outside back cover $250/€250 MORE INFORMATION Contact Business Office, or http://www.shsu.edu/~eng_www/finnishstudies/ ©2014 Journal of Finnish Studies Cover: The Isojoki coat of arms, designed by Pentti Vakkamaa, accessed at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isojoki. Cover design: Scott Kaukonen. TABLE OF CONTENTS Helena Halmari: Editorial 1 Pia Olsson and Eija Stark: Making Cultural Heritage in Finland: The Production of and Challenge to Tradition 3 Risto Blomster and Kati Mikkola: Inclusion and Exclusion of Roma in the Category of Finnish Folklore: The Collections of the Finnish Literature Society from the 1800s to the 2000s 11 Eija Stark: Folk Views on the Rural Upper Class and Questions of Historical Contextualization of Finnish Proverbs (1885–1950) 46 Pia Olsson: “Good Factual Knowledge” for Future Generations: Questionnaire Activity Defining Traditional Culture 65 Niina Hämäläinen: Why is Aino not Described as a Black Maiden? Reflections on the Textual Presentations by Elias Lönnrot in the Kalevala and the Kanteletar 91 Kivi’s Nummisuutarit: A Polemic Exchange Douglas Robinson: Partly Sunny: A Critical Edition of Kivi’s Greatest Play 130 Jyrki Nummi: Partly Funny: Enters Il Dottore 153 Book Reviews Golubev, Alexey, and Irina Takala. 2014. The Search for a Socialist El Dorado: Finnish Immigration to Soviet Karelia from the United States and Canada in the 1930s. Reviewed by Paul Lubotina. 167 Goss, Glenda Dawn. 2009. Sibelius: A Composer’s Life and the Awakening of Finland. Reviewed by Timo Virtanen. 171 Heikkilä, Elli, Manon Danker, Emilio José Gómez Ciriano, Hugh McLaughlin, and Henny Reubsaet, eds. 2011. Working Together for Better Integration: Immigrants, Police and Social Work. Reviewed by Mitchel P. Roth. 178 Heimo, Anne, Tuomas Hovi, and Maria Vasenkari, eds. 2012. Pyhä Urho: Fakeloresta folkloreksi/St. Urho: From Fakelore to Folklore. Reviewed by Elo-Hanna Seljamaa. 180 Lindström, Varpu. 2012. Letters from an Immigrant Teenager: Letters from Varpu in Canada to Kaisa in Finland, 1963-65. Reviewed by Nancy Mattson. 185 Muir, Simo, and Hana Worthen, eds. 2013. Finland’s Holocaust: Silences of History. Reviewed by Paul Lubotina. 191 Olsson, Pia. 2011. Women in Distress: Self-understanding among 20th-century Finnish Rural Women. Reviewed by Pirjo Korkiakangas. 197 Roinila, Mika. 2012. Finland-Swedes in Michigan. Reviewed by Peter Kivisto. 200 Contributors 203 EDITORIAL It is my pleasure to present the newest theme issue of the Journal of Finnish Studies to our subscribers and readers around the world. Pia Olsson and Eija Stark, the guest editors of From Cultural Knowledge to Cultural Heritage: Finnish Archives and Their Reflections of the People, have compiled a fascinating collection that focuses on the ac- quisition and storage of cultural knowledge intended for archives in Finland—and how this cultural knowledge becomes our cultural heritage. These essays reveal that the facts now contained in the Finnish historical ar- chives have been collected and selected by people who themselves were living in times and places very different from our present. While applauding the collectors of these materials from our societal past, these essays also contest some aspects of the process. The collectors’ decisions to include certain materials in the archives and to exclude others were made based on their own times and not on ours. In the four articles that constitute the core of this collection, the readers will learn, for example, about the representation (or better, non-representation) of the Roma in Finnish archives. One also gains insights into the old Finnish upper class through an investigation of proverbs. In addition, we learn how questionnaires were designed and deployed in the collection of these archival materials over long periods of Finland’s history. Likewise important is the analysis of Elias Lönnrot’s proce- dures for collecting textual representations of the figure of Aino in the Kalevala and the Kanteletar. In sum, this issue encourages the reader to question, to contest, to chal- lenge, and—not to take its topics for granted. It reminds me of the title of a poetry collection by my colleague, Professor Nick Lantz: We Don’t Know We Don’t Know (Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2010). Lantz builds his poems on questions—some- times funny and comfortable ones, sometimes dark and disturbing ones. In similar fashion, the authors of this issue ask some questions that we can easily answer, but they also ask those questions that make us, the consumers of the Finnish cultural 1 Journal of Finnish Studies heritage, ponder: how is it that we know what we know—and is there something that we don’t know we don’t know. In this issue, we also offer to our readers a large number of books reviews. And we include a polemic exchange between two of our editorial board mem- bers, Dr. Douglas Robinson (Hong Kong Baptist University) and Dr. Jyrki Nummi (University of Helsinki), who engage in a heated discussion about the new critical edition of Kivi’s Nummisuutarit, edited by Nummi and his colleagues. Enjoy. Helena Halmari 2 MAKING CULTURAL HERITAGE IN FINLAND: THE PRODUCTION OF AND CHALLENGE TO TRADITION Pia Olsson, University of Helsinki Eija Stark, University of Helsinki 1 In Finland, as in many other countries, archives and museums are places where frag- ments of the past are stored. This collection of articles focuses on the historical pro- cesses in which these fragments, such as folklore items and life histories, have been gathered and judged worthy to be preserved. These collections, and the information they contain, are part of the knowledge upon which we base our understanding of the past in Finnish society and of the individuals who lived in it. Nonetheless, the extensive amount of information and the multiple sources of data available in modern times force us to question and contest the nature of this knowledge. Who defines what kind of information is important to collect and pre- serve? What is acceptable and unacceptable in different periods and contexts? How do the different social hierarchies of knowledge affect our worldview? These are the questions addressed, from the perspective of cultural knowledge, in this volume of the Journal of Finnish Studies. We are not the first to approach these questions. Human knowledge is based on information received from sources one can trust. People’s understanding of their own culture has always been more diverse than the representations preserved in traditional archives and museums. The articles of this volume focus on how cultural knowledge was produced in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Finnish society. All authors discuss perspectives on knowledge as it concerns common people, and they all consider information management from historical perspectives. 1 The theme of this volume of the Journal of Finnish Studies evolved in the project financed by the Kone Foundation in 2011. Kati Mikkola and Eija Stark made their contributions to the volume in conjunction with a project financed by the Academy of Finland. 3 Journal of Finnish Studies Information related to ethnography and folklore has been collected in archives and museums in Finland (as
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Finnish Shopping Centers 2020 Centers Shopping Finnish Finnish Councilfinnish of Shopping Centers • Suomen Kauppakeskusyhdistys Ry
    Succesful and evolving shopping center business – the beating heart of community! Menestyvä ja kehittyvä Finnish Shopping Centers 2020 kauppakeskusliiketoiminta – yhdyskunnan sykkivä sydän! Kauppakeskukset Finnish Council of Shopping Centers Annankatu 24, 2. krs. 00100 Helsinki puh. +358 9 4767 5711 www.kauppakeskusyhdistys.fi Finnish Shopping Centers 2020 Centers Shopping Finnish Kauppakeskukset Finnish Shopping Centers 2014 Centers Shopping Finnish Kauppakeskukset www.kauppakeskusyhdistys.fi Finnish Council of Shopping Centers • Suomen Kauppakeskusyhdistys ry Finnish Shopping Centers 2020 Kauppakeskukset 4 5 Introduction The Finnish Shopping Centers 2020 industry review transparency and knowledge of the sector among they are conveniently accessible. The business mix centers is as part of a community structure which is compiled by the Finnish Council of Shopping investors, customers, traders, and the main stake- changes constantly according to customer needs. is conveniently accessible. The key is to create rele- Centers. It provides a package of information on holders in the sector, both in Finland and abroad. Business proprietors are able to operate in an eco- vant spaces for people and to provide a community shopping centers for everyone interested in the logically and socially responsible way. The shopping hub. The ongoing trend is to provide non-retail uses sector. This is already the fourteenth annual review. Shopping centers are adapting to center business in Finland has reached its 30-year by increasing leisure in shopping centers and also Shopping Centers 2020 contains key figures about continuous change anniversary. It is not yet a mature sector, but it is in town centre regeneration. The mixed-use town the business sector as well as standardised intro- an area with continuous development.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence of Partisan Emphasis on EMU During 1994–1999: Comparing Finnish Parties
    Evidence of Partisan Emphasis on EMU during 1994–1999: Comparing Finnish Parties Marko Karttunen ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Helsinki, for public examination in the lecture room XII, University main building, on 18 April 2009, at 10:00 a.m. Acta Politica 38 Department of Political Science University of Helsinki ISBN 978-952-10-5380-1 (Paperback) ISBN 978-952-10-5381-8 (PDF, http://ethesis.helsinki.fi) ISSN 0515-3093 Helsinki University Print Helsinki 2009 Political power can be better understood in the degree that language is better understood, and that the language of politics can be usefully studied by quantitative methods. (Lasswell & Leites & Associates 1949, preface) Abstract This study explores the EMU stand taken by the major Finnish political parties from 1994 to 1999. The starting point is the empirical evidence showing that party responses to European integration are shaped by a mix of national and cross-national factors, with national factors having more explanatory value. The study is the first to produce evidence that classified party documents such as protocols, manifestos and authoritative policy summaries may describe the EMU policy emphasis. In fact, as the literature review demonstrates, it has been unclear so far what kind of stand the three major Finnish political parties took during 1994–1999. Consequently, this study makes a substantive contribution to understanding the factors that shaped EMU party policies, and eventually, the
    [Show full text]
  • Kylkirauta 2/2021 4 Suomen Puolustuksen Kehittämisen Näkymiä
    KYLKIRAUTA kylkirauta.fi 2/2021 Teemana Turvallisuuspolitiikka Valmiina Suomelle. Valmiina. Kaikkiin tehtäviin. Gripen on muuntautuva monitoimihävittäjä, joka pystyy suorittamaan saman lennon aikana niin ilma-, meri- ja maataistelu- kuin tiedustelutehtäviä. Edistyksellisen sensorifuusion ja päätöksenteon tukijärjestelmien ansiosta lentäjä voi jopa toimia useassa roolissa samanaikaisesti ja vaihtamaan toimintarooliaan ilmassa. Gripeniin voi asentaa aseistusta kaikenlaisiin tehtäviin: tarkkuusiskuihin tarkoitetuista ohjatuista pommeista ja risteilyohjuksista pitkän kantaman ilmataisteluohjuksiin ja raskaaseen meritorjunta-aseistukseen. Lisäksi Gripenin avioniikan ainutlaatuinen rakenne antaa monipuoliset mahdollisuudet integroida uusia asejärjestelmiä edullisesti ja nopeasti. Gripeniin voidaan aina valita haluttu aseistus maailman parhailta toimittajilta. Gripen – Valmiina Suomelle. Lue lisää osoitteessa www.saab.�. Seuraa meitä Twitterissä ja Facebookissa: @SaabFI. Turposta saa puhua adettikunta profiloitui kylmän välttämättä ole valtion kannalta helppo- sodan kuumimpina vuosina ja. Hyvään lopputulokseen ei päästä kos- K1980-luvulla turvallisuuspo- kaan, jos vaihtoehdot ovat toinen toistaan liittisen (turpo) keskustelun avaajaksi. huonompia. Siedettävä lopputulos voi Kiivaana käynyt suurvaltapolitiikka ja olla sekin, että huonoista vaihtoehdois- suurvalta Neuvostoliiton varjo kuitenkin ta pystytään valitsemaan vähiten huono. vaiensivat lähes kaiken kriittisen ulko- Turvallisuuspoliittista keskustelua ja turvallisuuspoliittisen sekä maanpuo-
    [Show full text]
  • E-Newsletter November 2019
    BNN Newsletter, November 2019. Contents BNN Newsletter, November 2019. .......................................................................................................... 1 Baal, St. George, and Khidir. A Study of the Historical Geography of the Levant. A book by Robert D. Miller II .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Variation in Folklore and Language (eds. Piret Voolaid and Saša Babič). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2019. ..................................................................................................... 3 Estonian Incantations I. Healing Words. Book by Mare Kõiva ................................................................ 5 Recent school lore collecting and its outputs in Estonia ......................................................................... 6 Studies on Belarusian folk prose conducted over the past 10 years ...................................................... 8 Whose Tradition? Adapting Orthodox Christianity in North America. Dissertation by Lydia Ruth Bringerud. University of Newfoundland. .............................................................................................. 11 Recent publication and open lecture by prof. Jelka Vince Pallua ......................................................... 12 An International Symposium Celebrating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Jón Árnason, the Man behind Iceland’s First Major Collection of Folktales.
    [Show full text]
  • Helsinki in Early Twentieth-Century Literature Urban Experiences in Finnish Prose Fiction 1890–1940
    lieven ameel Helsinki in Early Twentieth-Century Literature Urban Experiences in Finnish Prose Fiction 1890–1940 Studia Fennica Litteraria The Finnish Literature Society (SKS) was founded in 1831 and has, from the very beginning, engaged in publishing operations. It nowadays publishes literature in the fields of ethnology and folkloristics, linguistics, literary research and cultural history. The first volume of the Studia Fennica series appeared in 1933. Since 1992, the series has been divided into three thematic subseries: Ethnologica, Folkloristica and Linguistica. Two additional subseries were formed in 2002, Historica and Litteraria. The subseries Anthropologica was formed in 2007. In addition to its publishing activities, the Finnish Literature Society maintains research activities and infrastructures, an archive containing folklore and literary collections, a research library and promotes Finnish literature abroad. Studia fennica editorial board Pasi Ihalainen, Professor, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Timo Kaartinen, Title of Docent, Lecturer, University of Helsinki, Finland Taru Nordlund, Title of Docent, Lecturer, University of Helsinki, Finland Riikka Rossi, Title of Docent, Researcher, University of Helsinki, Finland Katriina Siivonen, Substitute Professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Lotte Tarkka, Professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Tuomas M. S. Lehtonen, Secretary General, Dr. Phil., Finnish Literature Society, Finland Tero Norkola, Publishing Director, Finnish Literature Society Maija Hakala, Secretary of the Board, Finnish Literature Society, Finland Editorial Office SKS P.O. Box 259 FI-00171 Helsinki www.finlit.fi Lieven Ameel Helsinki in Early Twentieth- Century Literature Urban Experiences in Finnish Prose Fiction 1890–1940 Finnish Literature Society · SKS · Helsinki Studia Fennica Litteraria 8 The publication has undergone a peer review. The open access publication of this volume has received part funding via a Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation grant.
    [Show full text]
  • The Soccer Diaries
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and University of Nebraska Press Chapters Spring 2014 The oS ccer Diaries Michael J. Agovino Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples Agovino, Michael J., "The ocS cer Diaries" (2014). University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters. 271. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples/271 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Nebraska Press at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. the soccer diaries Buy the Book Buy the Book THE SOCCER DIARIES An American’s Thirty- Year Pursuit of the International Game Michael J. Agovino University of Nebraska Press | Lincoln and London Buy the Book © 2014 by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska Portions of this book originally appeared in Tin House and Howler. Images courtesy of United States Soccer Federation (Team America- Italy game program), the New York Cosmos (Cosmos yearbook), fifa and Roger Huyssen (fifa- unicef World All- Star Game program), Transatlantic Challenge Cup, ticket stubs, press passes (from author). All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Agovino, Michael J. The soccer diaries: an American’s thirty- year pursuit of the international game / Michael J. Agovino. pages cm isbn 978- 0- 8032- 4047- 6 (hardback: alk. paper)— isbn 978- 0- 8032- 5566- 1 (epub)— isbn 978-0-8032-5567-8 (mobi)— isbn 978- 0- 8032- 5565- 4 (pdf) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancing the Landscape Gavinjones.Co.Uk Enhancing the Landscape Gavinjones.Co.Uk
    Enhancing the Landscape gavinjones.co.uk Enhancing the Landscape gavinjones.co.uk LANDSCAPE ROYAL CONSTRUCTION PARKS & PALACES MILITARY BASES 05 © The Royal Parks 13 15 02 Enhancing the Landscape ABOUT US OTHER SERVICES Gavin Jones Ltd is a national landscape Our focus is on the delivery of an optimum construction and maintenance company. quality service that aims not only to meet, From February 2018, Gavin Jones became but to exceed our client’s expectations. part of the Nurture Landscapes Group. Our fully trained staff offer a professional Tree Works Specialising in landscape construction and and diverse range of land management grounds maintenance across the breadth of skills, using a combination of traditional Plant Displays the UK, Gavin Jones strives for excellence in best-practice horticultural techniques and all aspects of work, with a flexible attitude innovative technology, whilst remaining to client requirements. sensitive to the environment in which Winter Gritting we work. 17 www.gavinjones.co.uk 03 04 Enhancing the Landscape LANDSCAPE CONSTRUCTION Gavin Jones Ltd has established an Whether your preference is for a enviable reputation for premium quality negotiated, partnered design & build, or a service and a flexible attitude to meeting more traditional style contract, Gavin Jones, client requirements. will ensure all aspects of the specification are delivered in a timely and cost effective Our dedicated and experienced staff offer manner, with the aim of not only meeting a professional and diverse range of hard but exceeding stakeholder expectations. and soft landscaping skills, together with an all-encompassing project management capability; from small schemes, to multi-million pound contracts.
    [Show full text]
  • On Publishing Queer Topics in Finland 1–2/2015
    SQS On Publishing Queer Topics in Finland 1–2/2015 Alexandra Stang 48 Lectio Praecursoria Literature as history On Friday, the 28th of November 2014, the former Finnish parliament grow up alone; there is no history. […] It is as though, in Adrienne Rich’s approved same-sex marriage. Thousands of supporters of marriage equality phrase, if you were gay, ‘you looked into the mirror and saw nothing’. Thus had gathered around the Parliament, while opponents of the measure the discovery of a history and a tradition and a sense of heritage must be found themselves vastly outnumbered. It was a historical day of equal done by each individual […] (Tóibín, 14.5.2015).” rights in Finland. In naming the lack of an understanding and an awareness of a history of In May 2015, also the Irish people approved equal marriage. Before the queerness that prevails still today, Toíbín made an essential point. In order referendum in Ireland, the author Colm Tóibín was among the many to understand the character and significance of an event like approving activists who spoke for this change in law. In his speech at Trinity College, equal marriage, one needs to know the history of a minority, that has long Tóibín especially emphasised the importance of literature for society remained in the shadows of society and history writing in Finland as well. and the way it deals with its minorities. It is not only the legal status that generates change within the minds of people. Literature has long been And what could be more useful for making such a history visible than equally important for the visibility of queer people.
    [Show full text]
  • PREFERRED LIST of BOOKS for DISTRICT SCHOOL LIBRARIES in the STATE of MICHIGAN
    z UC-NRLF , ^H 1037 ImsJ PREFERRED LIST OF BOOKS for DISTRICT SCHOOL LIBRARIES in the STATE OF MICHIGAN LANSING 1914 PREFERRED LIST OF BOOKS FOR DISTRICT SCHOOL LIBRARIES IN THE STATE OF MICHIGAN THIS BOOK LIST IS THE PROPERTY OF THE SCHOOL. DISTRICT AND IS TO BE AS STRICTLY ACCOUNTED FOR AS ANY OTHER SCHOOL PROPERTY LANSING 1914 <A IS ^ #P & €*'P*» EXTRACT FROM SCHOOL LIBRARY LAWS Act 323, Chapter 1, Section 3, laws of 1913: The Superintendent of Public Instruction * * * * with the cooperation of the State Librarian, shall prepare, at least once in every two years, lists of books suitable for township and district libraries, and furnish copies of such lists to each township and school officer entrusted with the care and custody of their respective libraries, from which lists the said school officers shall select and purchase books for their respective libraries. Approved May 13, 1913. 324611 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from Microsoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/booklistOOmichrich CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 7 GENERAL LIST OF BOOKS 9-140 Picture books and primers 9-17 Religion 18-19 Mythology 19-24 Fairy tales 24-33 Folklore and legend 34-41 Government and citizenship 41-43 Nature and science 44r-60 General 44-46 Astronomy 46 Electricity—Physics 46-48 Chemistry 48 Physical geography—Geology 48-49 Botany—Gardening 49-51 Animals 51-54 Animal stories 54-58 Birds 58-59 Prehistoric man 60 Useful arts 61-67 Amusements 67-70 Art and music .\ 70-72 Literature 72-82 Collections 72-77 Poetry 77-82 Fiction
    [Show full text]
  • WTR 1000 Preview: the Global Legal Powerhouses
    Feature By Nicholas Richardson, Mary Hawkins and Simon Messenger WTR 1000 preview: the global legal powerhouses The next edition of the World Trademark Review 1000, owners when selecting legal counsel close to home, as well as in often released in January 2014, comprehensively unfamiliar and challenging jurisdictions. With many brand owners focusing on key regional markets, the identifies the world’s leading trademark firms listings for the 2014 guide have been grouped on a regional basis. In and practitioners. In this preview, exclusive to advance of publication of the 2014 edition, the tables in this article WTR subscribers, we identify the firms which have reveal those firms which have achieved a listing in more than one achieved a listing in more than one region, as well region, as well as those which are home to the largest number of as those which are home to the largest numbers of independently recommended practitioners. The variety of firms included reflects the health of the trademark independently recommended practitioners marketplace and the diverse needs of clients and those law firms referring work onwards. The WTR 1000 is thus an essential guide in strong brand is vital to success in today’s intensely today’s brand-focused economy. competitive and increasingly globalised market. Trademarks are key tools through which businesses Adams & Adams can protect the goodwill and reputation inherent in Recommended in regions: 1 A their brands, and build and maintain demand for Recommended individuals: 8 their products and services. External advisers play a crucial role in developing and implementing brand strategies for both local and South African IP titan Adams & Adams has eight individuals international markets, and in protecting these vital assets in the face recommended in the WTR 1000 2014 – one of the highest numbers of infringement.
    [Show full text]
  • Collectiones Museorum Manuscripta Castreniana Realia II, Ethnographica 1 Travaux Ethnographiques De La Société Finno-Ougrienne XXII
    Matthias Alexander Castrén Matthias Alexander Matt hias Alexander Castrén (1813–1852) was by far the most signifi cant Finn- ish linguist of the 19th century. In addition to being a linguist he was also a multidisciplinary scholar, equally versatile in the fi elds of ethnography, folklore, mythology, archaeology, history, and human geography. He left behind a huge corpus of fi eld data, collected by himself during prolonged expeditions to Kare- lia, Lapland, Arctic Russia, and Siberia between 1838 and 1849. In the short peri- ods of time Castrén spent in an academic environment, he had litt le opportunity to synthesize his collections, a situation aggravated by his rapidly progressing and ultimately fatal illness. Th erefore, a major part of his scholarly heritage re- mained unpublished when he died. Castrén was appointed Docent of Finnish and Ancient Nordic Languages and Tribes at the Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki in 1841, and ten years later he became the fi rst Professor of the Finnish Language. M.A. Castrén considered ethnology as a historical science and an instru- ment for describing the early periods of Finnish history. On his expeditions, he carried out ethnographic observations and took notes of the dwellings, cos- tumes, way of life, and customs of indigenous Siberian peoples. According to the programme draft ed by the Imperial Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Collectiones museorum Castrén collected ethnological artifacts for the Ethnographic Museum in Saint Petersburg, and some items for the Ethnographic Museum of the University of Helsinki. Th e present work concentrates on the collections which describe Castrén’s merits in ethnological studies and museology.
    [Show full text]
  • The Transformation of an Oral Poem in Elias Lönnrot's Kalevala
    Oral Tradition, 8/2 (1993): 247-288 From Maria to Marjatta: The Transformation of an Oral Poem in Elias Lönnrot’s Kalevala1 Thomas DuBois The question of Elias Lönnrot’s role in shaping the texts that became his Kalevala has stirred such frequent and vehement debate in international folkloristic circles that even persons with only a passing interest in the subject of Finnish folklore have been drawn to the question. Perhaps the notion of academic fraud in particular intrigues those of us engaged in the profession of scholarship.2 And although anyone who studies Lönnrot’s life and endeavors will discover a man of utmost integrity, it remains difficult to reconcile the extensiveness of Lönnrot’s textual emendations with his stated desire to recover and present the ancient epic traditions of the Finnish people. In part, the enormity of Lönnrot’s project contributes to the failure of scholars writing for an international audience to pursue any analysis beyond broad generalizations about the author’s methods of compilation, 1 Research for this study was funded in part by a grant from the Graduate School Research Fund of the University of Washington, Seattle. 2 Comparetti (1898) made it clear in this early study of Finnish folk poetry that the Kalevala bore only partial resemblance to its source poems, a fact that had become widely acknowledged within Finnish folkoristic circles by that time. The nationalist interests of Lönnrot were examined by a number of international scholars during the following century, although Lönnrot’s fairly conservative views on Finnish nationalism became equated at times with the more strident tone of the turn of the century, when the Kalevala was made an inspiration and catalyst for political change (Mead 1962; Wilson 1976; Cocchiara 1981:268-70; Turunen 1982).
    [Show full text]