The Building and Social Housing Fou n d a t i o n Building and Social Housing Foundation (BSHF) is an independent res e a r ch orga n i s a t i o n Memorial Square that promotes sustainable development and Coalville innovation in housing through collaborative Leicestershire res e a r ch and knowledge transfer. LE67 3TU Established in 1976, BSHF works both in the UK ( ) and internationally to identify innovative Tel +44 0 1530 510444 Fax +44 (0)1530 510332 housing solutions and to foster the exchange of Email [email protected] in f o r mation and good practice. Web www.bshf.org BSHF is committed to promoting housing policy Charity Number 270987 and practice that is people-centred and en v i r onmentally responsible. All res e a r ch carri e d out has practical relevance and addresses a ISBN 1 901742 06 7 range of current housing issues worldwide. PRICE £5.00 PRESENTATION OF THE WORLD HABITAT AWARDS

WORLD HABITAT DAY 2004 , Prepared by Diane Diacon and Silvia Guimarães

© Building and Social Housing Foundation 2004 Extracts from this publication may be reproduced without further permission provided that the source is fully acknowledged. World Habitat Awards 2005 Entry Fo r m

Please provide the following information relating to the entry that you are submitting. At the prel i m i n a r y submission stage this need only be in the form of a concise summary of the scheme, which contains the following informa t i o n

Please note that entries can also be made directly on the BSHF website at ww w. b s h f. o r g

BA CKGROUND INFORMATI O N • When did the project commence? • Who initiated the project? • What is the main purpose of the project?

PROJECT DESCRIPTION • What are the key features of the project? • Who are the main beneficiaries of the project? • Describe briefly the costs and/or planned future funding of the project. • What has been the involvement of the local community in the project (if applicable)? PRESENTATION OF THE • What future plans (if any) are there for the project? IN N O V ATION AND TRAN S F E R WORLD HABITAT AWARDS • What are the key innovative aspects of the project? • To what extent has the project been transferred or adapted for use locally, nationally or internationally (if applicable)?

SU P P O R TING INFORMATI O N You are asked to submit the following supporting information, where possible: • Photographs showing the key elements of the project. • A plan of the main features of the scheme.

I CONFIRM that the information contained in this entry is accurate to the best of my knowledge and there ar e no restrictions or fees payable on the publication of any material submitted.

Signed Date

WORLD HABITAT DAY 2004 NAIROBI, KENYA

40 WORLD HABITAT AWARDS 2005 ENTRY FORM C o n t e n t s

WORLD HABITAT DAY MESSAGE 1 Mr Kofi Annan, Secret a r y-General,

CITIES – ENGINES OF RURAL DEVELOP M E N T 3 Mrs Anna Tibaijuka, Executive Direc t o r , UN-HABITAT

THE WORLD HABITAT AWARDS 2004 5 Mrs Diane Diacon, Direc t o r , Building and Social Housing Fou n d a t i o n

WORLD HABITAT AWARD WINNING PROJECTS 8 La Paz Pos t - e a r t h q u a k e Rec o n s t r uction Programme, The Eldonian Village, Liverpool, United Kingdom

2004 HABITAT SCROLL OF HONOUR AWAR D S 24

RE C O M M E N D ATIONS OF THE INTER-REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON URBAN-RURAL DEVELOPMENT LINKAGE S 26

THE KENYA SLUM UPGRADING PROGRAM M E 28

SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMATI O N 35

WORLD HABITAT AWARDS – AN INVITATION TO ENTER 37 A World Habitat Day Message

The theme of World Habitat Day this year, countries. The fastest growing will be Cities – Engines of Rural Development, was se c o n d a r y and market , which are chosen to remind development policy- especially close to rural areas. This growth ma k ers at every level not to think of ‘urban’ can help to improve rural life and ease the and ‘rural’ as separate entities, but rather problems associated with mega-cities. But as parts of an economic and social whole. to do so, it will need to be well managed, with significant investments in Cities interact with rural areas in many communication, transport channels and ways. Migrants living and working in cities other infrastruc t u r e, and with concerted send money to families in rural areas. Cities efforts to ensure that all people have access absorb excess rural populations, and offer to adequate servi c e s . m a r kets for farm produce and other ru r a l pr oducts. They provide services and While there are obvious differen c e s amenities – such as universities and hospitals between urban and rural development that – that may not be available or feasible in req u i r e different interventions, ultimately rural areas. Cities are also the locus of most sustainable development cannot and global investment, raising demand for should not focus exclusively on one or the goods, labour and other inputs from rur a l ot h e r . On this World Habitat Day, let us are a s . recognize that cities have a cruc i a l contribution to make to rural development, In the next 25 years, virtually all population and let us pursue development in a gr owth will take place in the world’s cities, co m p r ehensive way that reflects that most of it in the cities of developing understanding.

Mr Kofi Annan Secretary-General, United Nations

A WORLD HABITAT DAY MESSAG E 1 Cities – Engines of Rural Development

The United Nations has designated the first magnets for rural trade, and the gateway Monday of each year as World to national and international markets. They Habitat Day. It is an occasion to reflect on benefit from rural demand for their output. the state of human settlements and the basic right to adequate shelter for all. The better the links between cities and their hinterlands, the easier it is for rural people The theme of World Habitat Day on to get jobs in cities, and thus ease the Monday 4th October this year is Cities – pr oblem of rural unemployment. It is Engines of Rural Development. We chose important that cities absorb excess rur a l this theme to underline the economic, la b o u r . But in the developing world, poor social and environmental interde p e n d e n c e development in urban areas has res t r i c t e d between urban and rural areas. Sustainable the options that would normally be open development can only be achieved in both to rural people. areas if they are considered holistically as part of the same, integrated system. A major hurdle to be overcome in developing countries is the fact that The links between cities and the countrys i d e secondary and tertiary towns are under- depend on the infrastructure connecting supplied and under-developed. This can be them. Improve the infrastruc t u r e network, remedied by improving the road, rail and and rural production increases, giving other vital communications networks people in the countryside better access to between them. Economic development in markets, information and jobs. Cities are small towns can have a positive impact on

Dr Anna Tib a i j u k a Executive Director, UN-HABITAT

2 CITIES – ENGINES OF RURAL DEVELO P M E N T 3 The World Habitat Aw a r d s

the surrounding rural economies through It is imperative, theref o r e, that if we are to The annual World Habitat Awa r d significant and lasting improvements, not a greater demand for rural produce from achieve sustainable economic and social competition was established in 1985 by the only to their housing but to many other urban residents who normally have a development nationwide Governm e n t s Building and Social Housing Foundation to aspects of their lives. Details of the two higher purchasing power. must integrate their country’s urban and id e n t i f y innovative and sustainable housing pr ojects are set out in the following pages. rural areas as a matter of policy. Stimulating solutions. The Foundation also works to In t e r mediate towns provide natural balanced development between urban and en s u r e that the ideas and approa c h e s His Excellency Hon. Mwai Kibaki, C.G.H., destinations for rural migrants seeking rural constituencies means stren g t h e n i n g developed in the winning projects are M.P., President of Kenya and Mrs Anna better opportunities. They also help national, regional and local planning bodies. widely shared, by organising study visits, Tibaijuka, Executive Director of UN- cushion the impact of major migration as well as publishing and disseminating HA B I T AT presented a cheque for £10,000 flows towards large cities. On this World Habitat Day, we call upon all in f o r mation in a range of forma t s . and a World Habitat Awa r d trophy to each those concerned about rural growth to of the two winners. In many poor countries, the scattered integrate urban development fully into their The winning projects receiving awards in na t u r e of rural settlements renders the plans and to bring a more holistic 2004 are FUNDAS A L ’s La Paz Pos t - The sterling silver trophies are individually pr ovision of infrastruc t u r e and services perspective to our common future: Cities Ea r t h q u a k e Rec o n s t r uction Programme in designed and crafted by students of 3D to rural areas ext r emely costly. There is can be the engines of rural development. El Salvador and the Eldonian Community- Design (Metalsmithing and Jewellery) within no doubt that a major cause of rural Based Housing Association’s Eldonian the School of Design and Manufacture at De un d e r -development is poor access to basic Village in the United Kingdom. Despite Montfort University in Lei c e s t e r , UK. Each year in f r a s t ru c t u r e and services such as roa d s , the differences in the context of the two a competition is held for the silversmithing telecommunication, health care, education, pr ojects, one being located in rural students to find the two best designs for the cr edit, markets and information. Many of El Salvador and the other in inner-c i t y tro p h y , which must be predominantly crafted these can only be supplied and supported Liverpool in the United Kingdom, they have in solid silver and contain the symbol, in fr om within the more populous urban area s . much in common. Both projects show how some form, of the International Year of Shelter local communities can bring about for the Homeless.

Mrs Diane Diacon Director, Building and Social Housing Fou n d a t i o n

4 CITIES – ENGINES OF RURAL DEVELO P M E N T THE WORLD HABITAT AWA R D S 5 Mr Edin Martínez and Mr René Zelaya receive the Mr Tony McGann and Mr George Evans receive the WHA trophy from His Excellency Hon. Mwai Kibaki, WHA trophy from His Excellency Hon. Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya on behalf of FUNDASAL’s La Paz President of Kenya on behalf of the Eldonian Pos t - E a r t h q u a k e Reconstruction Programme, Community-Based Housing Association, Liverpool, El Salvador United Kingdom.

Designed by Debbie Tan g Designed by Ed Hull

6 THE WORLD HABITAT AWA R D S THE WORLD HABITAT AWA R D S 7 La Paz Po s t - E a r t h q u a ke Reconstruction Programme El Salvador

This housing re c o n s t ruction Pro g r a m m e demonstrates how successful community development can result from rebuilding after a devastating earthquake. Appro p r i a t e e a r t h q u a ke - resistant house designs have been developed and training is provided in co n s t r uction and maintenance techniques, as well as business and community leadership skills.

To date, over 7,460 houses have been completed with households providing the labour and secure title to their property has been established for those who did not pr eviously have the correct documents. 1,4 0 0 small businesses have been established; many of them run by women. The local municipalities have been involved throughout and welcome the increasing citizen participation that has resulted from the Programme. Environ m e n t a l co n c e r ns of deforestation and pollution of water supplies have been addressed and the ap p r oaches used in this Programme are now being transferred to areas experiencing similar pro b l e m s .

8 LA PAZ POST- E A RT H Q UAKE RECONSTRUCTION PROGRA M M E LA PAZ POST- E A RT H Q UAKE RECONSTRUCTION PROGRA M M E 9 With a population of 6.5 million, El Salvador The Programme covers 18 of the 22 districts effective and culturally appropriate means More than just housing is the smallest and most densely populated in the La Paz province. Eighty per cent of of construction. co u n t r y in . It has rec e n t l y the 224 communities currently assisted are Wh e r e necessary, households are helped to em e r ged from decades of civil war and is located in rural areas and many of them are Loc a l l y- p r oduced materials are used for all obtain formal tenure documents to prov e also prone to natural disasters such as in remote areas far from main roads. 55 per co n s t r uction. Cement, zinc and aluminium their secure title to the land they have been hu r ricanes and earthquakes. The earthquakes cent of households are women headed, and ar e sourced from local and national living on. Over 1,800 of the houses built are of 2001 left 10,000 dead and injured , the average income of the families involved suppliers. Micro-c o n c r ete tiles and other capable of being dismantled if needs be. 164,000 homes and 41,000 businesses is $124 per month. pr efabricated building components are totally destroyed and 105,000 damaged pr oduced in two small manufacturing pl a n t s Further Programme components addres s homes. The La Paz province was one of the Community workers initially mobilise the that together employ 76 local people. repairs to the water supply systems (wells, worst affected with 59 per cent of the beneficiaries, and look after them during Materials are also produced in these plants water pipelines, and water tanks), the housing damaged or destroy e d . the construction phase. About seven for other NGOs working locally, as well as co n s t r uction of latrines, the provision of families at a time are organised into one for local households wishing to purch a s e small credits to women groups and the construction team that will construct the building materials. im p r ovement of local administration. houses on a self-help basis with the support Un l i k e many other disaster rec o n s t ru c t i o n Reconstruction after the earthquake of a skilled bricklayer. The standard house To date, over 7,500 of these homes have Pr ogrammes, this Programme also seeks to of 27m2 consists of hollow block walls and been built on a mutual help basis. A sense of assist those who were unable to purch a s e The main aim of the Programme is to micro-concrete tile roofing, and provides hope has been established where prev i o u s l y their own homes before the disaster. Loc a l res t o r e and improve the housing conditions for one sitting room and two small t h e re was none. The security of living in a people are trained in construc t i o n of those affected by the 2001 earthquakes , bedrooms. Experiments were carried out house that will not be destroyed by a future techniques and maintenance, in the use th r ough the strengthening of citizen with a range of earthquake-resistant house earthquake has led to a blossoming of a and maintenance of the potable water participation and the organisation of those designs to identify the safest, most cost- wide range of activity and involvement. systems that have been established involved in development locally.

Aftermath of the 2001 earthquakes Rec o n s t r u c t i o n

10 LA PAZ POST- E A RT H Q UAKE RECONSTRUCTION PROGRA M M E LA PAZ POST- E A RT H Q UAKE RECONSTRUCTION PROGRA M M E 11 (benefiting 1,650 families) as well as in labour and care for their supplies and tools. Community involvement and leaders. The Programme has won political community administration and orga n i s a t i o n If the householder cannot provide the labour decision-making support from mayors and local national to enable local communities to take grea t e r personally then another family member has rep r esentatives and is actively supported at responsibility for the management of their to be prep a r ed to carry out the work. An important element of the Programme the local level. This is reflected in the fact local communities. is the involvement of local people and that, unusually, only four of the local The total cost of the three-stage Prog r a m m e communities in the decision-making municipal councils changed hands in the is $14,500,000 of which 78 per cent was processes concerning their homes and in latest local elections. fr om a German donor organisation (KFW). Paying for the Programme wider community issues. Institutional The local municipalities also make a small Leadership training is provided to enable sustainability to ensure the long-term future financial contribution. The total cost of local communities to negotiate with the The families housed have lost all their and benefits of the Programme is a key houses made of concrete block is $2,384, local authority reg a r ding future possessions, and in many cases their aspect of this Programme. Form a l and those made of dismountable metal in f r a s t ru c t u r e provision and other livelihood, in the earthquake. There are no ag r eements and working arrangements with panels cost $1,343, including materials, community services and facilities. To date household res o u r ces of any kind, other than local municipalities have been created in qualified labour, and community labour over 180 community leaders have been labour to help meet the costs. Eighty per or der to give a political voice to the local contribution. trained and these are now involved in other cent of the capital cost is met by subsidy and communities. The mayors of all the 18 training projects in the local community. 20 per cent of the contribution is from the All households are trained in the municipalities and local legislative local residents who provide their own labour maintenance of their homes and in how to rep r esentatives are supporting these to help build their new homes. In addition, extend them, typically by building covered ag r eements. In some instances municipalities The long-term benefits families carry out transportation of supplies, verandas around the original house. have entered into cooperation with their excavate foundations, prep a r e mortars and Guidance is provided in the form of easy- electorate in preparing municipal budgets, Although 80 per cent of the capital costs of co n c r ete and prep a r e formworks, as well as to-understand booklets, using both words as a direct result of the confidence gained the Programme have been met by donor placing the roo f . They keep rec o r ds of their and pictures. in working with trained local community

12 LA PAZ POST- E A RT H Q UAKE RECONSTRUCTION PROGRA M M E LA PAZ POST- E A RT H Q UAKE RECONSTRUCTION PROGRA M M E 13 support, this is inevitable given the post- En v i r onmental concerns of defores t a t i o n disaster situation of the Prog r a m m e . and pollution of water supplies have been Ho w e v e r , future economic sustainability ad d r essed and the approaches used in this of the Programme is crucial and training Pr ogramme are now being transferred to is theref o r e provided in construc t i o n , ar eas experiencing similar prob l e m s . administration and business skills.

Funds are made available to particularly vulnerable groups in order to help them start small businesses. Many Programme beneficiaries have joined together to form pr oductive enterprises for the re-sale of mi c r o-c o n c r ete tiles in the communities, the sale and purchase of meat, seafood, clothing and cooking, among other activities. To date over 1,400 such enterprises have been established, many of them by women.

Having secure tenure and a perma n e n t home encourages the household to use the home as the basis for a micro-b u s i n e s s to supplement the family income.

Educational poster on the use of dry composting toilets

14 LA PAZ POST- E A RT H Q UAKE RECONSTRUCTION PROGRA M M E LA PAZ POST- E A RT H Q UAKE RECONSTRUCTION PROGRA M M E 15 The Eldonian Village Liverpool, United Kingdom

The Eldonian Village was initiated in 1978 when residents of the inner-c i t y Vauxhall area of Liverpool came together to fight against local authority plans to demolish their homes and disperse their community.

Twe n t y -six years later 400 afforda b l e rental homes have been provided, 250 permanent jobs have been established, $45 million of assets have been created and $180 million of i n w a rd investment attracted. A range of local services and rec r eation facilities has been provided, all of which are owned and managed by the local co m m u n i t y . Derelict and polluted land has been res t o r ed to form an attractive and secure living environment and the community now provides support and advice to other communities worldwide.

16 THE ELDONIAN VILLAG E THE ELDONIAN VILLAG E 17 The Eldonian Village in the Vauxhall area of setting for 400 affordable homes. The regeneration of the area has boosted the specific needs of the community’s res i d e n t s . Liverpool began with the vision of a group Village boasts a range of local facilities and community at every level, encouraging new This included the creation of specially- of residents who were determined not to has seen the creation of commercial and partnerships, attracting business and designed accommodation for elderly and see their local community swept away by employment opportunities in a clean and employment opportunities and supporting disabled people. the bulldozers. The Vauxhall area had long safe urban setting. an ongoing contribution to regeneration suffered from the effects of long-term across the whole of Liverpool. In 1991 the rest of the site was purch a s e d neglect: run-down housing, a declining No one visiting the Vauxhall area of to provide space for another 150 homes, environment, depopulation, high Liverpool 25 years ago could have which catered particularly for young families imagined how such a run-down area could in the area. During the same period the unemployment and poor local facilities. Building the first homes Attempts to regenerate the area in the now be providing 250 permanent jobs and canal running through the site was res t o re d , could have generated $45 million in assets cr eating attractive and affordable waterside 1970s involved the large-scale demolition Despite many setbacks and opposition from and attracted $180 million pounds of ac c o m m o d a t i o n . of old housing and replacing it with high- the local authority, the Eldonians managed in w a r d investment. density accommodation and new industrial to form a housing co-operative to provide spaces. This often resulted in the All of this has been achieved using a affordable, high quality social housing. fragmentation of many established Moving onto other local needs combination of public and private Having raised $18 million from grants, communities. However, the 150 year-ol d financing, enabling the community to own, savings and loans, work began in 1983 on community based around the Our Lady of In 1987 the Eldonians began to addres s design and manage its local area to meet land purchased on the site of a disused Eldon church in Vauxhall, Liverpool was not local needs other than housing. The the needs of local res i d e n t s . sugar ref i n e r y. The site needed to be pre p a r ed to be moved so easily. cl e a r ed and de-contaminated before work Eldonian Development Group was forme d The confidence, empowerment and could begin, but by 1990 the co-op e r a t i v e to raise funds for commercial, physical and What was once 43 acres of polluted expertise gained through the successful had built 145 new homes to meet the economic projects in the area. It aimed to industrial land is now a green and attractive

Be f o r e Afte r

18 THE ELDONIAN VILLAG E THE ELDONIAN VILLAG E 19 utilise commercial and private-sector Pushing the boundaries even further, the Built to the current building standards and accessible spaces for all residents. New expertise for the creation of social enterprises Eldonians are now working in partnership upgraded to improve res o u r ce efficiency, transport links that have been encouraged including office space, a day care nursery, with the private sector, community and the housing is designed to contribute to into the area are enabling residents to gain elderly care facilities, a sports centre, vo l u n t a r y groups and the statutory en v i r onmental sustainability. The a wider access to the . community centre and a neighbourhood regeneration agencies to apply their development of the Leeds-Liverpool Canal wa r den scheme to support the entire knowledge and expertise to other parts of in the centre of the project has also made A focus on the broader community has co m m u n i t y . Liverpool, contributing to the wider a contribution to the environment by en s u r ed that facilities and opportunities regeneration agenda. They are also aiming encouraging wildlife into the area , exist for all ages in the local community. This work, however, was only the beginning to continue to build upon the sustainability pr oviding opportunities for local children From day care nurseries, community and of the urban regeneration process and their of the Eldonian community through the to experience nature first-hand. sports facilities, to elderly care homes there success encouraged the Eldonians to cr eation of employment and business is support at every level, ensuring the social become more ambitious in their efforts to op p o r t u n i t i e s . An emphasis upon training and the crea t i o n inclusion of all. New superma r k ets and regenerate the whole area. They of local employment has provided a boost other commercial enterprises attracted into encouraged more partnership and inward to the economy. Small and medium the area are providing more choice and investment, attempting to move beyond a enterprises are thriving and encouraging access to the community. Creating a successful long-term future focus on housing to a broader Pro g r a m m e major companies into the area, contributing of economic and community-l e d to the local economy, employment and Having been established using a The success of the Eldonian Village project regeneration. Using their existing good training opportunities. A Neighbourho o d combination of grants, savings and private over two and a half decades is testimony to practice as a foundation, the Eldonians now War den Scheme, alongside careful design loans totalling around $18 million, the its long-term sustainability and it has have plans to develop the entire Vau x h a l l and management strategies has enabled Eldonian Village has managed to become deservedly become an internationally ar ea with retail developments and industrial crime and anti-social behaviour to be financially self-supporting. The costs of recognised model of community-led wo r k s p a c e s . minimised in the area, creating safe and maintaining and running the housing and sustainable urban regeneration.

20 THE ELDONIAN VILLAG E THE ELDONIAN VILLAG E 21 local facilities are met by tenants’ rents. • Co m m u n i t y -led involvement: a uniquely • Ne i g h b o u r hood Ward e n ’s Prog r a m m e : • Innovation and business enterprise: Although all the facilities are self-financing ‘bottom-up’ project that has involved Ne i g h b o u r hood War dens have the Eldonian village has been at the (and in some cases income-generating), the needs of the local community at successfully contributed to the low cutting edge of urban reg e n e r a t i o n , rents continue to remain low. Crucially the every level of decision-making. The levels of crime and anti-social behaviour often proving to be a leader in the attraction of outside investment, built parent organisation, the Eldonian and similar models are now being development of good practice. th r ough a strong relationship with the Community Trust is run by elected local widely implemented. An emphasis on the need for economic private sector, has helped to ensure that pe o p l e . sustainability has resulted in crucial links lo n g - t e r m financial sustainability is secured , with the commercial sector whilst • The use of Leeds-Liverpool Canal as by encouraging the development of a more Elements of success maintaining an emphasis upon the diverse and mixed community. an urban feature: this has prov i d e d needs of the community through the desirable and affordable waterside The Eldonians attribute their success to five development of sustainable social accommodation for local res i d e n t s . key factors: businesses. Innovations • Designing out crime: The layout of the • Community ownership: overall • Partnership: utilising the expertise of village has been achieved in such a way ownership by the Eldonian Community professionals and key stakeholders has Much of the knowledge and exp e r t i s e as to ensure that traffic crime and anti- Trust Ltd ensures that local people are created strong, sustainable and developed by the Eldonians has been social behaviour are minimised with in control of decision-making. dynamic partnerships. pioneering, and its success has contributed me a s u r es that include speed-bumps and to the development of regeneration policy pr operties that overlook one another. • Design and good practice: community • Leadership: strong leadership and at a national level. Some of these input into need-based design, with shared goals has united the community innovations include: collective responsibility for the overall and enabled it to take control of its layout of the village has ensured a sense own destiny. of ownership and improved quality of life.

22 THE ELDONIAN VILLAG E THE ELDONIAN VILLAG E 23 2004 Habitat Scroll of Honour Aw a r d s

The Habitat Scroll of Honour Awa rd s President Joaquim Chissano The Centre for Development we r e initiated by the United Nations of Mozambique Co m m u n i c a t i o n Human Settlements Programme For his tireless efforts to uplift For improving the living conditions of the poorest of the poor in Africa. slum dwellers in Jaipur, India. (U N - H A B I T AT) in 1989 to honour and encourage individuals and or ganisations making outstanding contributions to the cause of shelter for the poor and the improvement of human settlement conditions arou n d the world.

Pr esented by His Excellency Hon. Mwai Kibaki, President of Ken y a and UN-HABITAT Executive Direc t o r Mrs Anna Tibaijuka, the 2004 Habitat

Sc r olls of Honour were awarded to: Xiamen Municipal Peo p l e ’ s The Big Issue Fou n d a t i o n Government, For helping the homeless to help • Pr esident Joaquim Chissano For the way it works tirelessly to ensure themselves through the production and selling of a current affairs magazine. of Mozambique that everyone has adequate shelter.

• The Centre for Development Communication, India

• Xiamen Municipal People’s Go v e r nment, China

• The Big Issue Foundation, UK

24 2004 HABITAT SCROLL OF HONOUR AWA R D S 2004 HABITAT SCROLL OF HONOUR AWA R D S 25 Recommendations of the Inter- Re g i o n a l Conference on Urban-Rural Development Linkages

An international conference was hosted in 2. Governments at all levels and their Small and medium-sized towns are also Na i r obi in the days prior to the Wor l d development planners should recognise an effective mechanism for providing Habitat Day celebrations and was attended and internalise the inseparable social, services to rural areas, including by many leading academics and influential economic and environmental linkages educational, health and financial practitioners from around the world. between urban and rural areas and services. Thus, if properly formulated cease treating their development as and implemented, such policies and The main findings of this meeting are set mutually discrete and distinct proc e s s e s , strategies can contribute to the out below. but rather take account of these attainment of several of the Millennium linkages in their investment Prog r a m m e s . Development Goals. Cities as engines of rural development can work more effectively if there are 4. A cross-sectoral institutional structure/ 1. Critical urban-rural development complementary investments in rural framework should be created for linkage issues were identified as: areas. This calls for a more holistic and integration of urban-rural development. Planning of economic and social (a) The unnecessary dichotomy integrated regional-planning approach Programmes as well as development between urban and rural to investment decision-making. of physical infrastructure should take development in the na t i o n a l 3. D e v e l o p m e n t / i m p rovement of urban- account of the need to protect the development process. A rur a l - urban rural transport and communications ecosystem. Effective environmental continuum exists that must not be links, especially trunk and access ro a d planning and management, including divided into separate policy and networks, is a very potent tool for the legislative frameworks, need to be development domains. urban-rural linkages development strengthened. (b) The environmental ramifications of st r a t e g y . This facilitates access of people 5. Market facilities should be developed the urban-rural development to goods, services, jobs and other to enhance the exchange of both relationship, and how best to income-earning opportunities in both agricultural produce and non- internalise negative externalities. areas, as well as adding value to produce and reducing transaction costs. agricultural products. (c) The need to minimise the gap This also stimulates growth of small and between urban and rural areas in medium-sized towns, thus attenuating terms of income-earning the concentration of population in the opportunities and livelihoods. few major cities that often results in the growth and intensification of slums.

26 R E C O M M E N DATIONS OF THE INTER-REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON URBAN-RURAL DEVELOPMENT LINKAG E S R E C O M M E N DATIONS OF THE INTER-REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON URBAN-RURAL DEVELOPMENT LINKAG E S 27 Kenya Slum Upgrading Programme

The Kenya Slum Upgrading Prog r a m m e (KENSUP), an initiative that aims to im p r ove the housing and living conditions of informal settlement residents in cities throughout Kenya, was officially inaugurated during the global observation of World Habitat Day 2004.

The World Habitat Day celebrations were held on a 5-acre decanting site, adjacent to the Kibera slum in Nairob i , wh e r e the first phase of the upgrading pr ogramme is due to begin.

28 K E N YA SLUM UPGRADING PROGRA M M E K E N YA SLUM UPGRADING PROGRA M M E 29 With a population of 500,000 and a density spending up to 40 per cent of their income Aims and Objectives Nairobi Situation Analysis of over 2,000 people per hectare, Kibera is on the extortionate rents charged by one of the largest and most densely st ru c t u r e owners, who are often large - s c a l e The Kenya Slum Upgrading Programme is Initial funding for project planning and populated informal settlements in Sub- absentee landlords. designed to upgrade the living environ m e n t pr eparation has been provided by the Cities Saharan Africa. of people living and working in informa l Alliance, a joint initiative of UN-HABITAT A range of interventions have been carri e d settlements by improving access to basic and the World Bank which includes 10 Most residents of Kibera do not have access out by non-governmental and community- se r vices such as shelter, water and bilateral donors. As part of the activities to toilet facilities: in an area of 235 hectares , based organisations in Kibera on a small- sanitation, education, health, employment ca r ried out in the prep a r a t o r y phase of the 1 th e r e are only 2800 toilets , i.e. an average scale, ad hoc basis. Until rec e n t l y , however, and income generation opportunities. Other programme, a Nairobi Situation Analysis of 178 persons per toilet. The lack of th e r e had been a lack of a clear policy to in t e r ventions will include the reg u l a r i s a t i o n was produced in consultation with a number ap p r opriate sanitation and drainage systems facilitate and guide urban development in of tenure and the provision of physical and of working groups comprising both the has created serious problems in terms of Kenya and a general lack of political will social infrastruc t u r e through a people- public and private sectors, NGOs, grassroo t s en v i r onmental pollution and exp o s u r e to to improve conditions in the informa l ce n t r ed approach that aims to involve or ganisations and donor agencies. li f e - t h r eatening diseases such as typhoid, se t t l e m e n t s . residents at all stages of the process. Ac c o r ding to the report, the city of Nairob i malaria and diarrhoea, a situation which is contains 133 informal settlements which, In January 2003 a Memorandum of particularly exacerbated during the seasonal The programme will commence in the whilst occupying only 5 per cent of the Understanding was signed by the rains of April/May and December. Soweto area of Kibera, where a committee total land area, are home to over 60 per go v e r nment of Kenya and UN-HABITAT, of area residents has been formed to work cent of the city’s population. This initial In s e c u r e land tenure is a key constraint to demonstrating a commitment to tackling with the Government and the City Council res e a r ch provides the basis for a detailed the delivery of services in the settlement, this issue and initiating a collaborative of Nairobi to implement the project, and analysis of a number of settlements that the obtaining of res o u r ces for economic effort to formulate policy guidelines and will eventually be extended to other urban could be selected for upgrading. development and the well being of res i d e n t s . seek funding for the Kenya Slum Upgrading ar eas throughout the country. An estimated 66 per cent of Kibera Pro g r a m m e . residents live in rental accommodation,

1 UNEP International Source Book on Environmentally Sound Technologies for Wastewater and Stormwater Management, 2002

30 K E N YA SLUM UPGRADING PROGRA M M E K E N YA SLUM UPGRADING PROGRA M M E 31 Proposed Interventions The Kenya Slum Upgrading Programme cu r rently living in slums is estimated at was officially inaugurated during the global nearly one billion people, or 32 per cent Physical Infrastructure • Water supply and sanitation ob s e r vation of World Habitat Day 2004 in of the world's urban population, a figure • Access roa d s Na i r obi. The celebration took place on the which will grow at an accelerated rate if • St o r m water drainage 5- a c r e decanting site adjacent to Kibera, no policy action is taken immediately. The • Electricity and street lighting/urban safety wh e r e the first phase of the upgrading Kenya Slum Upgrading Programme will Social Infrastructure • Sc h o o l s pr ogramme is due to begin. contribute toward Goal 7, Tar get 11 of the • Health centres Millenium Development Goals established • Community centres Preliminary designs and costing of the by the recently adopted United Nations • Rec r eational facilities housing to be developed on the decanting Declaration, which aims to eradicate Employment/Income Generation • Ma r k ets and kiosks site have been prep a r ed and res o u r ces are and hunger and significantly • Skills enhancement centres cu r rently being mobilised to complement im p r ove the lives of at least 100 million • Power supply for income generating activities go v e r nment funding for the proj e c t . slum dwellers by the year 2020. • Mi c r o-financing and credit systems The programme will be carried out as a HI V / A I D S • Counselling and testing centres collaborative effort among the Ken y a n • HIV clinics • HIV management Mi n i s t r y of Lands and Housing, the • Education and awaren e s s - r a i s i n g Mi n i s t r y of Local Government, the City Council of Nairobi and UN-HABITAT. Shelter Improvement • Security of tenure • Housing development and improv e m e n t The upgrading of informal settlements is • Cost rec o v e r y and subsidy an issue of global significance. According • Contribution through corporate social res p o n s i b i l i t y to UN-HABITAT, the total number of people Environmental and Solid Was t e • Refuse collection and trea t m e n t Ma n a g e m e n t • Cleaning of the Ngong river

32 K E N YA SLUM UPGRADING PROGRA M M E K E N YA SLUM UPGRADING PROGRA M M E 33 Sources of further information

Building and Social Housing Foundation Mrs Diane Diacon Director, Building and Social Housing Foundation Memorial Square Coalville Leicestershire LE67 3TU UNITED KINGDOM Tel +44 (0)1530 510444 Fax +44 (0)1530 510332 Email [email protected] Web www.bshf.org

La Paz Post-Earthquake Reconstruction Programme Mr Edin Martínez Executive Director, FUNDASAL Reparto Santa Alegría, Calle L-B No 7 Ciudad Delgado San Salvador, Apartado Postal 421 EL SALVADOR Tel +503 276 2777 Fax +503 276 3953 Email [email protected] Web www.fundasal.org.sv

The Eldonian Village Mr George Evans Director of Housing Eldonian Community-Based Housing Association Ltd The Tony McGann Centre Eldonian Village Liverpool L3 6LG UNITED KINGDOM Tel +44 (0)151 207 3406 Fax +44 (0)151 298 1464 Email [email protected] Web www.eldonians.org.uk

SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMAT I O N 35 World Habitat Aw a r d s An invitation to enter

United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) The World Habitat Awa r ds were established in 1985 by the Building and Social Housing Ms Jane Nyakairu Foundation as part of its contribution to the United Nations International Year of Shelter for Chief, Information Services Section the Homeless. UN-HABITAT PO Box 30030 Two awards are given annually to projects that provide practical and innovative solutions to Nairobi 00100 KENYA cu r rent housing needs and problems: one from the global South and one from the North. Tel +254 20 621234 Ev e r y year an award of £10,000 is presented to each of the two winners at the annual United Fax +254 20 624060 Nations global celebration of World Habitat Day. Email [email protected] Web www.unhabitat.org

Ministry of Lands and Housing CRITERIA FOR SUBMISSION Hon Amos M. Kimunya, M.P. Minister for Lands and Housing Pr ojects are sought that: Ardhi House, Ngong Road P.O. Box 30450 – 00100 • Demonstrate practical, innovative and sustainable solutions to current housing issues faced Nairobi by countries of the global South as well as the North. KENYA Tel +254 2 718050 • Can be transferred or adapted for use as appropriate. Fax +254 2 721248 Web www.kenya.go.ke • View the term habitat from a broad perspective and bring other benefits as well, such as energy or water saving, income generation, social inclusion, community and individual empowerment, capacity building or education.

EN T R Y PROCEDURE

The World Habitat Awa r ds competition has a two-stage entry process:

Stage I submissions need only comprise a concise summary of all aspects of the project. From these prel i m i n a r y submissions, twelve projects are selected by an assessment committee to go f o rw a rd to Stage II of the competition.

Stage II submissions are evaluated by an independent advisory group before being put to a panel of international judges. Evaluation visits will be carried out to some of the projects prior to the final judging.

Stage I submissions can be made through the entry form in the back of this booklet or online at www.b s h f. o r g.

36 SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMAT I O N WORLD HABITAT AWARDS 2005 – AN INVITATION TO ENTER 37 World Habitat Awards 2005 Entry Fo r m

SUGGESTED AREAS FOR SUBMISSION Name of proj e c t

• Provision of low-cost, affordable housing for low-income households Cu r rent stage of project Design stage o In prog r ess o Completed o • Environmentally sustainable housing Location of proj e c t - Promotion of sustainable lifestyles in urban and/or rural areas THE ABOVE PROJECT HAS BEEN ENTERED BY - Provision of resource- and energy-efficient housing Na m e - Development/use of sustainable building materials and technologies Pos i t i o n • Restoration of existing housing Org a n i s a t i o n - Restoration of areas of decayed housing and environmental degradation Ad d re s s - Upgrading/improvement of slum dwellings and shanty settlements • Provision of housing designed to withstand natural disasters • Housing provision for those with special needs - Provision of housing for homeless people Pos t c o d e Co u n t r y - Housing specifically designed to meet the needs of older persons and those with other Tel special needs Fax • Technical innovation Em a i l - The use of information and communication technologies in housing Web - Innovative design and/or construction materials • Housing developed and managed on a co-operative or other socially sustainable basis Contact point (if different to above) If you are entering a submission relating to the work of another organisation, please attach a Please note that the project subjects listed above are suggestions only. Projects relating to other letter of permission for entry from that organisation. Thank you. housing issues may be submitted if desired. How did you hear about the awards? TI M E TA B L E Jo u r nal o Poster o www o Email o Newsletter o

1st June 2005 Deadline for receipt of Stage I submissions Other (please specify) June - August 2005 Evaluation of Stage I submissions All entries must be received by 1st June 2005 and should be sent to: 1st September 2005 Notification of results for Stage I submissions 1st December 2005 Deadline for the receipt of entries selected for Stage II submission World Habitat Awa r ds 2005 Building and Social Housing Fou n d a t i o n Ja n u a r y - June 2006 Evaluation of Stage II submissions Memorial Square August 2006 Announcement of winners of the World Habitat Awa r d Co a l v i l l e 3r d October 2006 Pr esentation of the awards on World Habitat Day Lei c e s t e r s h i r e LE67 3TU UNITED KINGDOM

Fax +44 (0)1530 510332 Em a i l wh a @ b s h f. o r g

38 WORLD HABITAT AWARDS 2005 – AN INVITATION TO ENTER WORLD HABITAT AWARDS 2005 ENTRY FORM 39