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History Protestant Reformation HISTORY OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION IN ENGLAND AND IRELAND; SHOWING HOW THAT EVENT HAS IMPOVERISHED THE MAIN BODY OF THE PEOPLE IN THOSE COUNTRIES IN A SERIES OF LETTERS ADDRESSED TO ALL SENSIBLE AND JUST ENGLISHMEN ---------------------------------- BY WILLIAM COBBETT ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Published by the Ex-classics Project, 2009 http://www.exclassics.com Public Domain TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO THE EX-CLASSICS EDITION……………………………...1 INTRODUCTION. ........................................................................................................3 LETTER II. ..................................................................................................................14 ORIGIN OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. HISTORY OF THE CHURCH, IN ENGLAND, DOWN TO THE TIME OF THE "REFORMATION." BEGINNING OF THE "REFORMATION" BY KING HENRY VIII. LETTER III..................................................................................................................26 RESISTANCE TO THE KING'S MEASURES. EFFECTS OF ABOLISHING THE POPE'S SUPREMACY. DEATH OF SIR THOMAS MORE AND BISHOP FISHER. HORRIBLE MURDERS OF CATHOLICS. LUTHER AND THE NEW RELIGION. BURNING OF CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS AT THE SAME FIRE. EXECRABLE CONDUCT OF CRANMER. TITLE OF DEFENDER OF THE FAITH. LETTER IV. ................................................................................................................38 HORRID TYRANNY. BUTCHERY OF THE COUNTESS OF SALISBURY. CELIBACY OF THE CLERGY.-- BISHOPS OF WINCHESTER. HUME'S CHARGES AND BISHOP TANNER'S ANSWER. LETTER V...................................................................................................................50 AUTHORITIES RELATING TO THE EFFECTS OF THE MONASTIC INSTITUTIONS. THEIR GREAT UTILITY AND THE POLITICAL WISDOM IN WHICH THEY WERE FOUNDED. THE APPOINTMENT OF THE RUFFIAN THOMAS CROMWELL. HIS PROCEEDINGS IN THE WORK OF PLUNDER AND DEVASTATION. THE FIRST ACT OF PARLIAMENT AUTHORISING THE PLUNDER. LETTER VI. ................................................................................................................61 CONFISCATION OF THE MONASTERIES. BASE AND CRUEL MEANS OF DOING THIS. THE SACKING AND DEFACING OF THE COUNTRY. BREAKING UP THE TOMB OF ALFRED. MORE WIVES DIVORCED AND KILLED. DEATH OF THE MISCREANT CROMWELL. DEATH OF THE TYRANT HIMSELF. LETTER VII. ...............................................................................................................74 EDWARD VI. CROWNED. PERJURY OF THE EXECUTORS OF HENRY VIII. NEW CHURCH "BY LAW ESTABLISHED," ROBBERY OF THE CHURCHES, INSURRECTIONS OF THE PEOPLE. TREASONS OF CRANMER AND HIS ASSOCIATES, DEATH OF THE KING. LETTER VIII...............................................................................................................87 MARY'S ACCESSION TO THE THRONE. HER MILD AND BENEVOLENT LAWS. THE NATION RECONCILED TO THE CHURCH. THE QUEEN'S GREAT GENEROSITY AND PIETY. HER MARRIAGE WITH PHILIP. FOX'S "MARTYRS," LETTER IX. ..............................................................................................................101 MARY AT WAR WITH FRANCE. THE CAPTURE OF CALAIS BY THE FRENCH. THE DEATH OF QUEEN MARY. ACCESSION OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. HER CRUEL AND BLOODY LAWS RELATIVE TO RELIGION. HER PERFIDY WITH REGARD TO FRANCE. THE DISGRACE SHE BROUGHT UPON HER GOVERNMENT AND THE COUNTRY BY THIS PERFIDY. HER BASE AND PERPETUAL SURRENDER OF CALA1S. LETTER X.................................................................................................................113 MASSACRE OF SAINT BARTHOLOMEW. TAIL-PIECE TO IT. A MAN'S HAND CUT OFF FOR THWARTING BESS IN HER LOVE-SICK FIT. HER FAVOURITES AND MINISTERS. HISTORY AND MURDER OF MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND. LETTER XI. ..............................................................................................................126 BESS'S HYPOCRISY AS TO THE DEATH OF MARY STUART. SPANISH ARMADA. POOR-LAWS . BARBAROUS TREATMENT OF IRELAND. BESS'S INQUISITION. HORRID PERSECUTION OF THE CATHOLICS. THE RACKS AND TORTURES SHE EMPLOYED. HER DEATH. LETTER XII ..............................................................................................................138 ACCESSION OF JAMES I. HORRID PERSECUTION OF THE CATHOLICS. GUNPOWDER PLOT. CHARLES I. QUALIFIED FOR THE RANK OF MARTYR. "REFORMATION" THE SECOND, OR "THOROUGH GODLY REFORMATION." CHARLES II. THE PLOTS AND INGRATITUDE OF HIS REIGN. JAMES II.. HIS ENDEAVOURS TO INTRODUCE GENERAL TOLERATION. DAWN OF "GLORIOUS" REVOLUTION. LETTER XIII.............................................................................................................149 "GLORIOUS" REVOLUTION, OR REFORMATION THE THIRD. THE DUTCH KING AND HIS DELIVERING ARMY. THE "CRIMES" OF JAMES II., WITH ELUCIDATIONS. PARLIAMENTARY PURITY. THE PROTESTANT BISHOP, JOCELYN. SIDNEY, AND OTHERS OF THE PROTESTANT PATRIOTS. HABEAS CORPUS ACT. SETTLEMENT OF AMERICAN COLONIES. LETTER XIV.............................................................................................................160 WILLIAM'S TRIUMPH OVER JAMES AND THE CATHOLICS. A "NO-POPERY" WAR REQUIRES MONEY TO CARRY IT ON. BURNET'S SCHEME OF BORROWING AND FUNDING. ORIGIN OF BANKS AND BANK NOTES. HEAVY TAXES, EXCISE, SEPTENNIAL BILL. ATTEMPT TO TAX THE AMERICANS. AMERICANS REVOLT IN THE FACE OF THE DOCTRINES OF BLACKSTONE. THEIR CHARGES AGAINST GEORGE III. LETTER XV..............................................................................................................172 AMERICAN "REVOLUTION" BROUGHT RELIEF TO CATHOLICS. PERSECUTIONS UP TO THE REIGN OF JAMES II.. LAW-CHURCH OPPOSES LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE. HORRIBLE PENAL CODE. SOFTENED, AT LAST, FROM MOTIVES OF FEAR. FRENCH REVOLUTION, PRODUCES A SECOND SOFTENING OF TUE CODE. PENAL CODE, AS IT NOW STANDS. RESULT OF THE "REFORMATION," AS FAR AS RELATES TO RELIGION. LETTER XVI.............................................................................................................182 FORMER POPULATION OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND. FORMER WEALTH. FORMER POWER. FORMER FREEDOM. FORMER PLENTY, EASE, AND HAPPINESS. INDEX .......................................................................................................................197 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION INTRODUCTION TO THE EX-CLASSICS EDITION. William Cobbett (1763-1835) had a long and adventurous life as soldier, fugitive, political prisoner, journalist, farmer on Long Island, N.Y., and finally MP. In the course of his life as a writer he started as a Tory supporter (in America) and became a Radical supporter (in England). He was always against the status quo and railed against its many injustices; but though he was regarded as an ally by many who also opposed it he held constant to his own ideas. He never expressed these as a coherent philosophy for to him they were just common sense -- "the politics of every natural man", according to the historian A. J. P. Taylor. Nowadays he would be called a libertarian. Observing the corruption, widespread poverty and institutionalised injustice of England in the early 19th century he advanced his own solution: Default on the National Debt (owed to "swarms of Jews, Quakers, usurers of every description, feeding and fattening on the vitals of the country") Abolish the Army and the Civil Service ("placemen and pensioners") Abolish taxation and run the greatly reduced Government from the personal resources of the King. Abolish paper money and substitute gold; abolish the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and most forms of commercial finance. And thus the prosperity and happiness of the people would be assured. In support of these taxi-driver's ideas he set up a newspaper called the Political Register in which to publish his articles. His most famous work, Rural Rides, was published in it as a series of articles, as also was this book. The History of the Protestant Reformation was published in instalments from 1824 to 1826. At the time the cause of Catholic Emancipation was being hotly debated. Some of the more atrocious parts of the Penal Laws had been repealed, and enforcement of the rest was sporadic and rare, but Catholics were still prevented from being Members of Parliament, owning land, or practising certain professions, and it was still a crime to say or hear Mass or build a Catholic Church. Cobbett threw himself into this cause with characteristic gusto and this book was the result. His take on history is that The Reformation was engendered in beastly lust, brought forth in hypocrisy and perfidy, and cherished and fed by plunder, devastation, and by rivers of innocent English and Irish blood. (Introduction, Par. 4) All the current woes of England derived from these events. He contrasts a largely imaginary pre-Reformation land of peace and plenty with the all too real squalor and destitution of the rural poor in the 1820s and declares that Protestantism is the cause of the difference. The book is written in a most lively and vehement style and is very entertaining; the buzzing of the bees in Cobbett's bonnet is quite wonderful. For example, his belief that the population of England was higher in the Middle Ages than in 1825 was an - 1 - WILLIAM COBBETT article of faith with him, and he reserves some of his best abuse for those historians who disagree. He also takes, or pretends to take, at face value the religious motives offered for the Anglo-French wars of the 18th century, which no-one with any sense believed even at the time. Catholic Emancipation was achieved
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