Kajian Terhadap Faham Nasionalisme Melayu (Umno)

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Kajian Terhadap Faham Nasionalisme Melayu (Umno) KAJIAN TERHADAP FAHAM NASIONALISME MELAYU (UMNO) OLEH : MUHAMMAD RAMADHAN SUBKY BIN ABDULLAH NIM : 109045200031 KONSENTRASI SIASAH SYAR’IYYAH PROGRAM STUDI JINAYAH SIYASAH FAKULTAS SYARI`AH DAN HUKUM UIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1432 H/2011 M KATA PENGANTAR Segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan ke hadirat Ilahi Rabbi Tuhan Semesta Alam, Yang Maha Esa, Yang Maha Kaya, Yang Maha Pencipta, Yang Maha Mengetahui Segala Sesuatu yang ada di langit dan di bumi, yang nyata maupun yang tersembunyi baik dalam terang benderang maupun gelap gulita, yang telah memberikan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya kepada penulis dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. Shalawat dan salam kepada Junjungan Besar kita, Nabi Muhammad SAW, keluarga serta para sahabat dan pengikut-pengikutnya yang menyeru dengan seruannya, berpedomankan petunjuk-petunjuk Allah SWT serta berpegang teguh dengan tali-Nya (hablullah) sampai akhir zaman. Alhamdulillah berkat rahmat-Nya, penulisan skripsi ini telah dapat diselesaikan dengan baik walaupun masih banyak kekurangan. Penulis menyadari bahwa selesainya skripsi ini tak luput dari dorongan dan bantuan semua pihak. Ucapan terima kasih penulis sampaikan kepada: 1. Prof. Dr. H Muhammad Amin Suma, SH, MA, MM selaku Dekan Fakultas Syari’ah dan Hukum UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta; 2. Dr. Asmawi, M.Ag dan Afwan Faizin, MA, selaku Ketua dan Sekretaris Jurusan Jinayah Siyasah, yang telah memberikan kemudahan administratif bimbingan akademik sejak awal perkuliahan hingga penyelesaian skripsi ini; iii 3. Dr. H. Afifi Fauzi Abbas, MA. Dosen Pembimbing skripsi penulis, yang dengan sabar telah memberikan banyak masukan dan saran, sehingga skripsi ini dapat selesai dengan baik. Semoga apa yang telah Bapak ajarkan mendapat balasan dari Allah SWT; 4. Kepada segenap dosen yang telah memberikan ilmunya kepada penulis selama menjalani perkuliahan di UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta; 5. Kepada para pimpinan dan staf Perpustakaan Utama dan Perpustakaan Fakultas Syari’ah dan Hukum UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, yang telah memberikan fasilitas berupa kemudahan bagi penulis dalam memanfaatkan buku-buku referensi; 6. Ayahanda Hj. Ahmad Subki Bin Hj. Abdul Latif dan Ibunda tercinta Hjh. Naznah Binti Taha yang senantiasa menemani, merawat, mengasuh, membesarkan, mendidik dan memberikan motivasi serta di setiap langkah penulis. 7. Kakakku, Dang Fatihah Binti Ahmad Subky. Abang-abangku, Hang Muhammad Iftitah Bin Ahmad Subky dan Abdul Latif Rahbar Bin Ahmad Subky. Adikku, Ahmad Huzaifah Bin Ahmad Subky, dan Teman-temanku Wan Mohd Autad Bin Hj Wan Saghir, Adim Hidayat, Zhafran, Syed Amni Bin Syed Muhammad, Abdul Fattah Bin Azemi, Abdul Mukmin Bin Azemi, Nurul Wafaa` Binti Imran, Basyirah Abd Rahman dan teman-teman yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu-persatu; iv 8. Kerajaan Malaysia yang memberikan diriku ruang untuk beribadah dan berpartisipasi di dunia ini, dalam hal ini Kedutaan Besar Malaysia di Indonesia atas pengawasan dan kebajikan yang diberikan; 9. Dato’ Tuan Guru Haji Harun Taib selaku pengerusi Ahli Majlis Mesyuarat KUDQI dan seluruh Ahli Majlis Mesyuarat KUDQI. Pihak Kolej Universitas Darul Quran Islamiyyah yang telah memberi kesempatan untuk menuntut ilmu yang bermanfaat dari asatizah dan ustazah, juga dapat mengenal erti persahabatan dari mahasiswa KUDQI, MPMKUDQI dan HESIS. Serta staf- staf dan asatizah dan ustazah di Institut Pengajian Al-Azhar (IPA) Sijangkang, Klang yaitu Al-fadhil Ust Mat Zain, Ust Muhayyat, Ust Zailani dan Ustazah Hasanah. 10. Teman-teman seperjuangan dari kalangan muslimin yaitu Ust Azahari, Riduan Hamid, Syukri Nayan, Munir, Farid, Nasrullah, Syammil, Khalil, Helmi Razak, Hafiz, Fuad, Najmi, Hanzalah, Amir, Razman dan juga teman- teman dari kalangan muslimat yaitu Azidah, Khadijah, Ann Hidayah, Najihah, Saidah, Alfiah, Faizah, Rozilawati, Kak Ain, dan yang berada di Asrama Putri UIN dan kost, tidak lupa juga insan yang dicintai yang senantiasa memberi semangat dan dukungan. Jutaan terima kasih atas teguran dan sumbangan yang telah diberikan oleh Faiz Awang, Aziz. Tidak lupa juga sahabat-sahabat dari KUDQI, Ridzuan Mohammad, Sabri, Ukasyah, Muaz, v Zailani Junoh, Saifuddin dan Hadi yang telah bersama kecimpung dalam menegakkan kalimat Allah. 11. Teman-teman Indonesia yang telah banyak membantu dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini khususnya saudara Muchsin dan beberapa teman-teman lain yang membantu penulis untuk memahami dan sharing lebih dalam mengenai ketatanegaraan Islam. 12. Kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu hingga terselesainya skripsi ini. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih banyak semoga segala bantuan tersebut diterima sebagai amal shaleh di sisi Allah SWT dan memperoleh balasan pahala yang ganda. Amin. Akhirnya kepada Allah SWT jualah penulis serahkan semua ini. Semoga apa yang penulis usahakan ini kiranya dapat bermanfaat bagi penulis khususnya dan pembaca pada umumnya. Amin. Ciputat, 22 Maret 2011 Penulis vi DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................. .iii DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................... .vii BAB I PENDAHULUAN..................................................................................1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah......................................................................1 B. Pembatasan dan Perumusan Masalah..................................................4 C. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian............................................................5 D. Kajian (Review) studi Terdahulu.........................................................6 E. Metodologi Penelitian........................................................................10 F. Sistematika Penulisan.........................................................................13 BAB II FAHAM NASIONALISME UMNO...................................................15 A. Pengertian Nasionalisme....................................................................16 B. Sejarah Munculnya Nasionalisme......................................................19 C. Tokoh-tokoh Nasionalisme................................................................22 BAB III UNITED MALAYS NATIONAL ORGANIZATION (UMNO )....38 A. Pengenalan UMNO...........................................................................39 B. Sejarah Penubuhan dan Perkembangan UMNO...............................42 C. Dasar dan Perjuangan UMNO..........................................................49 D. Gerakan Politik UMNO di Malaysia.................................................54 BAB IV KAJIAN TERHADAP PAHAM NASIONALISME MELAYU.....58 (UMNO) A. Kefahaman UMNO Terhadap Konsep Nasionalisme Melayu…....60 vii B. Kelebihan atau Kekurangan Terhadap Faham Nasionalisme……...64 Melayu (UMNO) C. Pandangan Tokoh-tokoh di Malaysia Terhadap Nasionalisme…....69 Melayu (UMNO) BAB V PENUTUP ..........................................................................................78 A. Kesimpulan........................................................................................78 B. Saran..................................................................................................79 DAFTAR PUSTAKA...............................................................................................81 viii BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Dalam sejarah politik Melayu, Nasionalisme dan Islam selalu hadir berdampingan. Seringkali agama menjadi aspek yang menegaskan perjuangan nasional. Hal ini tampak jelas selama masa penjajahan, ketika nilai-nilai nasional Melayu seringkali dimasukkan dalam konteks ajaran Islam.1 Di dalam buku sejarah Malaysia telah membahaskan bahwa antara faktor-faktor yang mendorong kebangkitan semangat nasionalisme di tanah melayu ialah ; agama Islam, kemunduran orang Melayu, dan pendidikan.2 Faktor agama memainkan peranan penting dalam menyatukan orang Melayu, terutamanya pada peringkat awal kebangkitan semangat nasionalisme orang Melayu. Di zaman kolonial British, dengan semangat Islam ini, telah ditubuhkan Gerakan Reformis Islam. Gerakan ini telah menimbulkan kesadaran politik dan menyemarakkan semangat nasionalisme segelintir orang-orang Melayu untuk membebaskan diri dan negara dari kolonial British. 1 Muhammad Abu Bakar, Islam dan Nasionalisme pada Masyarakat Melayu Dewasa ini, dalam Taufiq Abdullah (ed), Tradisi dan Kebangkitan Islam di Asia Tenggara, (Jakarta:LP3ES, 1988), cet. I,hlm. 167 2 Mahdi Shuid, Suzani Osman, Sazlina Othman, Teks Pra-U STPM Sejarah Malaysia, (Selangor Darul Ehsan: Pearson Malaysia Sdn. Bhd, 2009), cet. I, hlm 170 1 2 Ketika nasionalisme tersebut terjadi di berbagai belahan-belahan dunia, bangsa Melayu di Malaysia pun merasakan hal yang sama, akibat dari pergerakan nasional itu, kolonial Inggris telah berundur dan menyerahkan pemerintahan Malaysia kepada partai politik Melayu yang dikenali dengan UMNO ( United Malays National Organization ) yang pada awalnya lebih berfungsi untuk memantapkan jaringan administrasi penjajahan Inggris di Malaysia.3 Dan merupakan pergerakan awal nasional di Malaysia, yang kemudian berlanjut sehingga menghantar Malaysia pada kemerdekaan setelah hasil dari perjanjian yang tercapai dalam persidangan yang membicarakan masalah kemerdekaan Malaysia di London kemudian ditandatangani dari pihak Raja Melayu dan Ratu Inggris pada 31 Agustus 1957, akhirnya kemerdekaan Malaysia pun tercapai.4 Tetapi, di Malaysia walaupun telah merdeka pada 31 Augustus 1957, rakyat di Malaysia
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