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Review of Israel Charny's New Book, Israel's Failed Response to the Armenian Geno
“One is either for human life or not!” Review of Israel Charny’s New Book, Israel’s Failed Response to the Armenian Genocide: Denial, State Deception, Truth versus Politicization of History. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2021. by Tessa Hofmann Review of Israel Charny: Israel’s Failed Response to the Armenian Genocide: Denial, State Deception, Truth versus Politization of History. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2021, 267 p. Tessa Hofmann In this extremely remarkable anthology, Israel Charny describes with obvious pain, palpable even after nearly 40 years, how a first conference on the Holocaust and genocide, including the Armenian Genocide, initiated by him and others, was blocked, obstructed, and nearly prevented by the Israeli government in the spring of 1982. National institutions such as Yad Vashem played a decisive and deeply deplorable role in this process. Promises made were revoked, which naturally put the organizers under enormous logistical and time pressure. Only now, based on newly declassified state records, Charny found that the boycott campaign was essentially spearheaded by the Israeli government itself, while the protest and attempts at prevention of lectures on the Armenian Genocide on the part of Turkey served Israel as a welcome pretext and reason for its interventions. Allegedly, Jewish lives and the escape route of Jews from Iran and Syria via Turkey were threatened by Turkey should the planned conference result in the presentation of six "Armenian" lectures - among a total of 150! The Israel Foreign Ministry demanded of Charny and his colleagues compliance, and as the tension mounted the Foreign Ministry also commanded disinviting all Armenian speakers. -
Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past: a Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region
CBEES State of the Region Report 2020 Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past A Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region Published with support from the Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies (Östersjstiftelsen) Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past A Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region December 2020 Publisher Centre for Baltic and East European Studies, CBEES, Sdertrn University © CBEES, Sdertrn University and the authors Editor Ninna Mrner Editorial Board Joakim Ekman, Florence Frhlig, David Gaunt, Tora Lane, Per Anders Rudling, Irina Sandomirskaja Layout Lena Fredriksson, Serpentin Media Proofreading Bridget Schaefer, Semantix Print Elanders Sverige AB ISBN 978-91-85139-12-5 4 Contents 7 Preface. A New Annual CBEES Publication, Ulla Manns and Joakim Ekman 9 Introduction. Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past, David Gaunt and Tora Lane 15 Background. Eastern and Central Europe as a Region of Memory. Some Common Traits, Barbara Trnquist-Plewa ESSAYS 23 Victimhood and Building Identities on Past Suffering, Florence Frhlig 29 Image, Afterimage, Counter-Image: Communist Visuality without Communism, Irina Sandomirskaja 37 The Toxic Memory Politics in the Post-Soviet Caucasus, Thomas de Waal 45 The Flag Revolution. Understanding the Political Symbols of Belarus, Andrej Kotljarchuk 55 Institutes of Trauma Re-production in a Borderland: Poland, Ukraine, and Lithuania, Per Anders Rudling COUNTRY BY COUNTRY 69 Germany. The Multi-Level Governance of Memory as a Policy Field, Jenny Wstenberg 80 Lithuania. Fractured and Contested Memory Regimes, Violeta Davoliūtė 87 Belarus. The Politics of Memory in Belarus: Narratives and Institutions, Aliaksei Lastouski 94 Ukraine. Memory Nodes Loaded with Potential to Mobilize People, Yuliya Yurchuk 106 Czech Republic. -
'A Reign of Terror'
‘A Reign of Terror’ CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923 Uğur Ü. Üngör University of Amsterdam, Department of History Master’s thesis ‘Holocaust and Genocide Studies’ June 2005 ‘A Reign of Terror’ CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923 Uğur Ü. Üngör University of Amsterdam Department of History Master’s thesis ‘Holocaust and Genocide Studies’ Supervisors: Prof. Johannes Houwink ten Cate, Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Dr. Karel Berkhoff, Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies June 2005 2 Contents Preface 4 Introduction 6 1 ‘Turkey for the Turks’, 1913-1914 10 1.1 Crises in the Ottoman Empire 10 1.2 ‘Nationalization’ of the population 17 1.3 Diyarbekir province before World War I 21 1.4 Social relations between the groups 26 2 Persecution of Christian communities, 1915 33 2.1 Mobilization and war 33 2.2 The ‘reign of terror’ begins 39 2.3 ‘Burn, destroy, kill’ 48 2.4 Center and periphery 63 2.5 Widening and narrowing scopes of persecution 73 3 Deportations of Kurds and settlement of Muslims, 1916-1917 78 3.1 Deportations of Kurds, 1916 81 3.2 Settlement of Muslims, 1917 92 3.3 The aftermath of the war, 1918 95 3.4 The Kemalists take control, 1919-1923 101 4 Conclusion 110 Bibliography 116 Appendix 1: DH.ŞFR 64/39 130 Appendix 2: DH.ŞFR 87/40 132 Appendix 3: DH.ŞFR 86/45 134 Appendix 4: Family tree of Y.A. 136 Maps 138 3 Preface A little less than two decades ago, in my childhood, I became fascinated with violence, whether it was children bullying each other in school, fathers beating up their daughters for sneaking out on a date, or the omnipresent racism that I did not understand at the time. -
Komitacı Eylemlerin Son Temsilcisi İsmail Hakkı Tekçe Ve Faaliyetleri
Komitacı Eylemlerin Son Temsilcisi İsmail Hakkı Tekçe ve Faaliyetleri İsmail AKBAL Aksaray Üniversitesi AKBAL, İsmail, Komitacı Eylemlerin Son Temsilcisi İsmail Hakkı Tekçe ve Faaliyetleri CTAD, Yıl 7, Sayı 13 (Bahar 2011), 70-102. İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti/Fırkası’nın siyasal iktidar mücadelesi içerisinde yer alması ile birlikte Türk siyasal hayatı yeni bir kavramla tanışmıştır: Komitacılık. Siyasal iktidar yarışında legal yollardan çözülemeyen sorunların illegal yollarla, antidemokratik bir şekilde çözülmesine “komitacı faaliyetler”; bu faaliyetleri yürütenlere de “Komitacılar” denmiştir. 1903 yılından itibaren İttihatçılar tarafından kullanılan Komitacılar, 1919 yılında başlayan Millî Mücadele döneminde siyasal iktidar odağı olan Mustafa Kemal Paşa tarafından da siyasal iktidarını korumak için yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmışlardır. Bu çalışmada, komitacı yöntemleriyle tanınmış ve Milli Mücadele yıllarında Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın verdiği bütün emirleri sorgusuz sualsiz yerine getirmiş, kendi can güvenliğini emanet edecek kadar güvendiği bir subayı olan İsmail Hakkı Tekçe ve onun faaliyetleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Anahtar Sözcükler: İsmail Hakkı Tekçe, Komitacı, İttihad ve Terakki, Meclis Muhafız Taburu AKBAL, İsmail, Last Representative of The Komitaji Movements: İsmail Hakkı Tekçe And His Activities. CTAD, Year 7, Issue 13 (Spring 2011), 71-103. Komitaji was a new concept for Turkish political life introduced by Union and Progress Party/Society with its engagement in the struggle for the political power. Komitaji operations refer to the usage of undemocratic and illegal ways for the problems that could not be solved through legal means in the competition for political power and those who were involved in such operations were dubbed as Komitajis. Komitajis who were being utilized by the Unionists since 1903 were also employed frequently in order to uphold his power by Mustafa Kemal Pasha during National Struggle Movement after 1919. -
Dynamics of Collective Action in Turkish Prisons
DYNAMICS OF COLLECTIVE ACTION IN TURKISH PRISONS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MAMAK AND DIYARBAKIR PRISONS BETWEEN 1980 AND 1985 by Basak Gemici Ay Bachelor of Arts, Sabancı University, 2012 Master of Arts, Koc University, 2015 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Pittsburgh 2016 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH THE KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS & SCIENCES This thesis was presented by Basak Gemici Ay It was defended on April 14th, 2016 and approved by Suzanne Staggenborg, Professor and Department Chair, Sociology Thesis Director: Jackie Smith, Professor, Sociology John Markoff, Distinguished University Professor, Sociology ii Copyright © by Basak Gemici Ay 2016 iii DYNAMICS OF COLLECTIVE ACTION IN TURKISH PRISONS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MAMAK AND DIYARBAKIR PRISONS BETWEEN 1980 AND 1985 Basak Gemici Ay, M.A. University of Pittsburgh, 2016 Historically, one of the most significant periods in which incarceration was used as a tool to manage political opponents of the regime in Turkey was the 1980s, specifically during and after the 1980 military coup. This study investigates the high-risk environments of the two notorious military prisons: Mamak and Diyarbakir Prisons between 1980 and 1985. These two military prisons: Mamak Prison, where Turkish revolutionaries were incarcerated and Diyarbakir Prison, where Kurdish revolutionaries were incarcerated, were infamous for the torture and level of repression implemented by the military junta. The aim of the military junta was to dissolve revolutionary organizations and military prisons were one of the state institutions that were used to realize this aim. -
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (Turkish: [ɾeˈdʒep tɑjˈjip His Excellency ˈæɾdo(ɰ)ɑn] ( listen); born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician Recep Tayyip Erdoğan serving as President of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as Prime Minister from 2003 to 2014 and asMayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. He founded the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in 2001, leading it to general election victories in 2002, 2007 and 2011 before standing down upon his election as President in 2014. Coming from an Islamist political background and as a self-described conservative democrat, he has promoted socially conservative and liberal economic policies in his administration.[2] Under his administration, Turkey has experienced democratic backsliding.[3] Erdoğan played football for Kasımpaşa before being elected in 1994 as the Mayor of Istanbul from the Islamist Welfare Party. He was stripped of his position, banned from political office, and imprisoned for four months, for reciting a poem that promoted a religious point of view of government during a speech in 1998.[4] Erdoğan abandoned openly Islamist politics and established the moderate conservative AKP in 2001. Following the AKP's landslide victory in 2002, the party's co- Erdoğan in 2017 founder Abdullah Gül became Prime Minister, until his government annulled Erdoğan's ban from political office. Erdoğan became Prime 12th President of Turkey Minister in March 2003 after winning aby-election in Siirt.[5] Incumbent Erdoğan's government oversaw negotiations for Turkey's membership Assumed -
When Persecution Bleeds Into Mass Murder: the Processive Nature of Genocide
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 1 Issue 2 Article 7 September 2006 When Persecution Bleeds into Mass Murder: The Processive Nature of Genocide Uğur Ü. Üngör Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Üngör, Uğur Ü. (2006) "When Persecution Bleeds into Mass Murder: The Processive Nature of Genocide," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 1: Iss. 2: Article 7. Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol1/iss2/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. When Persecution Bleeds into Mass Murder: The Processive Nature of Genocide Ug˘ur U¨.U¨ngo¨r Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Amsterdam In the rapidly developing historiography of the Armenian Genocide, the processive character of pre-genocidal persecutions has received less attention than the genocidal process itself. This article treats the persecution of Ottoman Armenians as a cumulative process leading up to a mass-murder campaign in the summer of 1915. It addresses the evolution of CUP policy toward the Armenians through the prism of escalating persecution and the relationship between center and periphery. In order to illustrate the concrete implementation of this process, the province of Diyarbekir will serve as an example to clarify the history of the persecutions. Introduction This article will address the evolution of CUP policy toward the Armenians through the prism of escalating persecution and the relationship between center and periphery, within the context of the development of general Ottoman population policies between 1913 and 1915. -
Armenian Terrorism: a Reappraisal
Gunter 5/13/09 6:51 PM Page 109 The Journal of Conflict Studies Armenian Terrorism: A Reappraisal by Michael M. Gunter ABSTRACT This article reappraises the strategic impact of Armenian terrorism in the twentieth century. From 1973 to 1985, Armenian terrorists earned a deadly and infamous international reputation by murdering Turkish diplomats or members of their families, along with many other non-involved third parties killed in the crossfire, during 188 terrorist operations worldwide. By the mid-1980s, however, Armenian terrorists had fallen into mindless but deadly internal fighting that resulted in the deaths of several of their leading mem- bers. Yet even with the benefit of 20 years of hindsight, it remains dif- ficult to assess definitively the strategic influence exerted by Armenian terrorism. It was an excellent example of how one person’s terrorist can be viewed by some as another’s freedom fighter. In seek- ing revenge for past perceived wrongs and in pursuit of the goal of an independent state, Armenian terrorism also shared common characteristics with such other ethnic-based terrorist movements as the Irish and Palestinians. Although by practically all conventional standards of measurement its ultimate strategic impact was virtually nil, some might still argue that Armenian terrorism did help preserve the memory of what many call the twentieth-century’s first or forgot- ten genocide. INTRODUCTION Tacitly supported by many Armenians and others throughout the world as legitimate revenge for what most observers viewed as genocide1 in the First World War, Armenian terrorism in the twentieth century was an excellent exam- ple of how one person’s terrorist can be viewed by some as another’s freedom fighter. -
Download Operation Nemesis: the Assassination Plot That
OPERATION NEMESIS: THE ASSASSINATION PLOT THAT AVENGED THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE DOWNLOAD FREE BOOK Eric Bogosian | 288 pages | 25 Jun 2015 | Little, Brown & Company | 9780316292085 | English | New York, United States Book Review: ‘Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide’ Categories : non-fiction books History books about the Armenian Genocide European history book stubs Middle Eastern history book stubs Turkish history stubs Armenian history stubs. Very informative book. The new civilization will be created by the Turkish race. Eric Bogosian. Latest posts by Rupen Janbazian see all. The version by Sahak Sahakyan also has a music video. The book is full of fascinating detail, including horrifying accounts of genocide, and allows you an understanding of the frustration with undelivered justice that led to Operation Nemesis. Bogosian openly writes about how the ARF aimed to exploit the assassination strategically to bring international attention to the Armenian Genocide, a reality rarely written about in the past. Glendale: Center for Armenian Remembrance. Overall, well-conceived, measured, and readable. In response an American, Alice Washburn Manning, came to Turkey and founded a organization for the prevention of cruelty to animals. They were a small group of men Starving mothers would reach distant villages and abandon their children in the streets hoping for the best. The Armenian Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide was carried out under the orders of the Ottoman Empire, the legal system of the Ottoman Empire was based on Sharia law laws dictated by the religion of Islamand an Ottoman Sultan not only considered himself to be the leader of an empire, similar to any other monarch, but also the Caliph, the leader of all of the world's Muslims, even though most of the world's Muslims lived outside of his empire. -
Karadeniz'de Milli Mücadele Yanlısı Mülki Amirler: Mazhar
2020 6 / 10 (231-244) Aksoy, Volkan, “Karadeniz’de Milli Mücadele Yanlısı Mülki Amirler: Mazhar Tevfik ve Ni- zamettin Beyler”, Karadeniz Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6/10, (Millî Mücadele’den Milli Egemenliğe Karadeniz Özel Sayısı), ss.231-244. DOI: 10.31765/karen.849320 KARADENİZ’DE MİLLİ MÜCADELE YANLISI MÜLKİ AMİRLER: MAZHAR TEVFİK ve NİZAMETTİN BEYLER* * Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article Volkan AKSOY Bu makale etik kurul izni ve/veya ya- sal/özel izin alınmasını gerektirme- mektedir. / This article does not require ethical committee permission and/or le- gal/special permission. Öz: Mondros Mütarekesi sonrası Osmanlı toprakları he- men her yönden işgale uğramaya başlamıştır. Özellikle deniz kıyısı bölgeler, ilk işgale uğrayan yerler olmuştur. ** Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Bu anlamda Samsun’a asker çıkaran İngilizler, Karade- Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi niz’de Sinop ve Giresun gibi iki önemli şehri de gözetim- Karadeniz Araştırmaları Enstitüsü, leri altında tutmuştur. İşgaller karşısında direnişe geçen Trabzon/TÜRKİYE halk ise Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın önderliğinde Milli Müca- [email protected] dele’yi başlatmış ve adı geçen şehirlerin dirayetli idareci- ORCID : 0000-0001-6725-8012 ler elinde bulunmasına azami dikkat göstermiştir. Bu ça- lışmada gerek Sinop’ta gerek Giresun’da mülki idarenin başında bulunan Mazhar Tevfik ile Nizamettin Beylerin Anahtar Kelimeler: Milli Mücadele, Milli Mücadele’nin hemen başında karşılaştıkları sorunlar Sinop, Giresun, Mazhar Tevfik, Niza- ve nasıl bir tutum sergiledikleri anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. mettin Bey Bu anlamda Sinop Mutasarrıfı Mazhar Tevfik Bey’in kendi Keywords: National Struggle, Sinop, kaleminden gerek İstanbul Hükûmetine gerek Mustafa Giresun, Governor Mazhar Tevfik, Cai- Kemal Paşa’ya yazdıklarına yer verilirken Nizamettin macam Nizamettin Bey’in de incelemesi ağırlıklı olarak Osmanlı Arşiv Kay- nakları üzerinden yapılmıştır. -
The Armenians from Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars
The Armenians From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars RAZMIK PANOSSIAN HURST & COMPANY, LONDON THE ARMENIANS To my parents Stephan and Sona Panossian RAZMIK PANOSSIAN The Armenians From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars HURST & COMPANY,LONDON First published in the United Kingdom by C. Hurst & Co. (Publishers) Ltd, 41 Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3PL Copyright © by Razmik Panossian, 2006 All rights reserved. Printed in India The right of Razmik Panossian to be identified as the author of this volume has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyight, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. A catalogue record for this volume is available from the British Library. ISBNs 1-85065-644-4 casebound 1-85065-788-2 paperback ‘The life of a nation is a sea, and those who look at it from the shore cannot know its depths.’—Armenian proverb ‘The man who finds his homeland sweet is still a tender beginner; he to whom every soil is as his native one is already strong; but he is perfect to whom the entire world is as a foreign land. The tender soul has fixed his love on one spot in the world; the strong man has extended his love to all places; the perfect man has extinguished his.’—Hugo of St Victor (monk from Saxony,12th century) The proverb is from Mary Matossian, The Impact of Soviet Policies in Armenia. Hugo of St Victor is cited in Edward Said, ‘Reflections on Exile’, Granta, no. 13. CONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgements page xi 1. Introduction 1 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND DEFINITIONS 5 A brief overview: going beyond dichotomies 6 Questionable assumptions: homogenisation and the role of the state 10 The Armenian view 12 Defining the nation 18 — The importance of subjectivity 20 — The importance of modernity 24 — The characteristics of nations 28 2. -
Medz Yeghern "The Great Crime
Katastrophe "Total Destruction" Greek Genocide 1914-1923 Background Greeks have lived in Turkey for thousands of years. Greek communities were primarily concentrated around the regions of Pontus, Cappadocia, and the Aegean sea. Under the Millet system, Greeks managed to preserve their religion and culture, yet remained second-class citizens under Ottoman law. The Young Turks and later the Republic of Turkey sought to create Map of Massacre Sites a "pure" Turkish state and embarked on a decade-long campaign of expulsion and genocidal massacres of Greek communities across Turkey. Testimonials Key Perpetrators "You couldn’t get the women to give up their Talaat Pasha Extermination dead babies. They’d have babies dead for six Ottoman Minister of days. Wouldn’t give them up. Nothing you The Greek Genocide began in 1914 with massive could do about it. Had to take them away Interior Affairs deportation and execution campaigns in the regions of finally. Then there was an old lady, most extraordinary case. I told it to a doctor and Topal Osman - Turkish Eastern Thrace, Pontus, and Anatolia. Using the same he said I was lying. We were clearing them off bandit leader in Pontus methods employed against the Ottoman Armenian and the pier, had to clear off the dead ones, and this old woman was lying on a sort of litter. Assyrians, under direct order from the ruling Committee They said, “Will you have a look at her, sir?” Djemal Pasha for Union and Progress (CUP), Turkish gendarmes, So I had a look at her and just then she died Ottoman Minister of and went absolutely stiff" - Ernest the Navy Kurdish militias, and freed criminals embarked on a Hemingway.