DOCSLIB.ORG

Download Operation Nemesis: the Assassination Plot That

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

OPERATION NEMESIS: THE ASSASSINATION PLOT THAT AVENGED THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE DOWNLOAD FREE BOOK Eric Bogosian | 288 pages | 25 Jun 2015 | Little, Brown & Company | 9780316292085 | English | New York, United States Book Review: ‘Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide’ Categories : non-fiction books History books about the Armenian Genocide European history book stubs Middle Eastern history book stubs Turkish history stubs Armenian history stubs. Very informative book. The new civilization will be created by the Turkish race. Eric Bogosian. Latest posts by Rupen Janbazian see all. The version by Sahak Sahakyan also has a music video. The book is full of fascinating detail, including horrifying accounts of genocide, and allows you an understanding of the frustration with undelivered justice that led to Operation Nemesis. Bogosian openly writes about how the ARF aimed to exploit the assassination strategically to bring international attention to the Armenian Genocide, a reality rarely written about in the past. Glendale: Center for Armenian Remembrance. Overall, well-conceived, measured, and readable. In response an American, Alice Washburn Manning, came to Turkey and founded a organization for the prevention of cruelty to animals. They were a small group of men Starving mothers would reach distant villages and abandon their children in the streets hoping for the best. The Armenian Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide was carried out under the orders of the Ottoman Empire, the legal system of the Ottoman Empire was based on Sharia law laws dictated by the religion of Islamand an Ottoman Sultan not only considered himself to be the leader of an empire, similar to any other monarch, but also the Caliph, the leader of all of the world's Muslims, even though most of the world's Muslims lived outside of his empire. Organizations and military units. Armenian General Benevolent Union of America. Unlike with the Nazis there was no Nuremberg, reparations or occupation to bring justice Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide the Armenian people. And can the assassins be called heroes? Dogcatchers were dispatched, and the dogs of Constantinople were captured one by one and locked in cages. In addition to his celebrated work in the theater and onscreen, he has authored three novels. The truth is that the ARF cobbled together a team to take out the young Turks. He portrays Tehlerian's trial for murder as a facade where tough questions weren't asked and bad explanations were not challenged. Bio Latest Posts. Through this book I learned about a group who called itself the Armenian Revolutionary Federation ARF which was a group of politically radical Armenians that came about in the late s. In part one of the three-part book, Bogosian brilliantly paints a thorough picture of Armenian history, with a particular focus on the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire before and during the Armenian Genocide. Engaging subject matter told by a person with Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide meticulous verbal economy. Turks today cannot read anything written before and even many scholars cannot read the old historical documents from before His soul purpose in life thereafter is to hunt down and kill those responsible. When justice isn't served people will often take it into their own hands. Official Turkish history doesn't mention the Armenians who lived within the borders of Turkey for thousands of years. Eric Bogosian had his work cut out for him, researching and writing Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide the assassinations of Turkish leaders implicated in the Armenian genocide of a hundred years ago. It was very hard to go through this portion of the book. Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot that Avenged the Armenian Genocide Most of the Turks were Muslims and they did not believe they could touch a dead body so they had them strip before they murdered them so they could sell their clothes. The story is all the more captivating as there are some in Eric Bogosian gives an informative insight to Turkey, and of its historical relationship with, or tolerance of, its Armenian citizens. The story is all the more captivating as there are some incredibly distressing and horrific scenes recounted. Over all a good book that I highly recommend the book. He also describes how much effort has been made to cover up the genocide by the Turkish government. In Tehlirian's son, who spoke to The Independent but Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide not reveal his name, stated that Tehlirian's mother and Vasken, his older brother, died in the genocide - the latter was studying medicine and living in Beirut - but that Tehlirian did not have a sister, that his father was fighting in the war in Russia, and that his other two brothers were in Serbia. A few thousands made it to concentration camps out near the desert in the middle of nowhere where they were killed. THe images of what the Armenians had to endure are haunting. Just as was the case with the Nazis in Europe the Ottomans believed that the Armenian Christian population polluted the society and the Anatolian Peninsula must be purified. One might wonder even more after his introduction in which he relates his grandfathers repeated injunction to him as a young child, "If you ever meet a Turk, kill him. THe world itself is important to learn about as many nations besides the Turks engaged in killing off large amounts of people. Special Mission: Nemesis Hadoog Kordz. He was an Armenian who lost his family from the genocide Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide he was away serving in the Russian Army against the Ottomans. Instead, he is able to provide a sober description of the operation in an in-depth and well-explained context. Armenian families were marched out of their homes by thousands and deported to what they were told were going to be cities of safety. Boy, was I let down badly by reading Bogosian's book!! For the book, see Operation Nemesis book. Finally, Bogosian brings in a completely ignored facet of the Nemesis story: international intelligence in the context of the plot. It has been recorded in a variety of versions and Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide known by heart by many Armenians. No trivia or quizzes yet. So does that make the assassins' actions more or less justifiable? His first statue in Armenia was inaugurated in in the village of Mastara. Today a few hundred thousand survive. If one is looking for the perfect book to read that best depicts the Armenian genocide in a concise, historical manner, this is the book. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. The Young Turks decided to solve the problem with an eye towards improving their political parties' popularity and public image. Namespaces Article Talk. The author made an outstanding job of describing the horrific, researched and anecdotal, evidence to the first major Genocide of the 20th century. Ararat CemeteryFresnoCalifornia. Together they formed one of the most effective assassination squads in history. In part because of the need for oil and allies in the Middle East the west made peace with Turkey and didn't impose justice in their lands like they did in Germany after WWII. I would recommend this book to history readers and those who wish to learn about a group of people whose past is vanishing. I read, or actually listened on audio, as Eric Bogosian reads the audio book himself and does so with excellence. Lillian — Apr 26, Together they formed one of the most effective assassination squads in history. In response an American, Alice Washburn Manning, came to Turkey and founded a organization for Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide prevention of cruelty to animals. New York: Rosen Pub. To the million and a half Armenians who perished Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide the hands of the Ottoman Turks during the First World War, and to their countless descendants, the actions of Operation Nemesis shouted, "You existed. His quick treatment of the Fourth Crusade caricatures a very complex event, and later his critique of American Missionaries struck me as odd. Some official government sponsored history states that Armenians never existed at all while others talk about massacres by the Armenians against the Turks during WWI. Soghomon Tehlirian Lillian — Apr 26, In fact, I Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide heard Bogosian claim in interviews that it took him over seven years to write this book. Therefore, for many Muslims, criticism of Ottoman rule is often regarded as being anti-Islam. In he joined Operation Nemesisa covert assassination program that would target the architects of the Armenian Genocide. He powerfully writes of the similarities noting differences as well and the historical chain of succession of the Armenian Genocide with the Jewish Holocaust. And yet, it is isn't that simple. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. Said Halim Pasha Grand Vizier. The secret Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot That Avenged the Armenian Genocide of assassins detailed in this book have given them what little they have been able to take for themselves. A group of Armenians ros This was an extremely powerful read on many levels. Jack Kananian. Together they formed one of the most effective assassination squads in history. It was not the writing style, it was more the subject matter.
Recommended publications
  • No. 151-October-2020

    No. 151-October-2020

    California State University, Fresno Armenian Studies Program Non-Profit and Armenian Students Organization U.S. Postage 5245 N. Backer Ave. M/S PB 4 PAID Fresno, CA 93740-8001 Permit No. 262 Change Service Requested FRESNO, CA HYE SHARZHOOM Armenian Action nd ՀԱՅ ՇԱՐԺՈՒՄ 42 Year October 2020 Vol. 42, No. 1 (151) Ethnic Supplement to The Collegian Dr. Joseph I. Castro Chosen as Artsakh Attacked by Azerbaijan on Sept. 27 Eighth Chancellor of the CSU Azerbaijan Targets Civilians and Churches native and first Mexican American to be appointed to oversee the 23-campus system. Castro will succeed Timothy P. White who is retiring after leading the university since late 2012. “The California State University provides unprecedented and transformational opportunities for students from all backgrounds to earn a high-quality college degree and to better their families, their Dr. Joseph I. Castro communities and the industries in Photo: ASP Archive which they become leaders. There CSU PUBLIC AFFAIRS is no other institution that makes DEPARTMENT AND NEWS SOURCES this great of an impact on the entire state – the CSU is key to a The California State University growing and thriving California,” (CSU) Board of Trustees has said Castro. “I am truly grateful appointed Joseph I. Castro, Ph.D., for and excited about this unique to serve as the eight Chancellor and wonderful opportunity, and of the California State University I look forward to working with system. Castro has served as the the talented faculty, staff and The 19th century Holy Savior (Ghazanchetsots) Cathedral in Shushi was damaged in an eighth president of California presidents of the 23 campuses Azeri attack on October 8.
  • Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past: a Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region

    Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past: a Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region

    CBEES State of the Region Report 2020 Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past A Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region Published with support from the Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies (Östersjstiftelsen) Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past A Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region December 2020 Publisher Centre for Baltic and East European Studies, CBEES, Sdertrn University © CBEES, Sdertrn University and the authors Editor Ninna Mrner Editorial Board Joakim Ekman, Florence Frhlig, David Gaunt, Tora Lane, Per Anders Rudling, Irina Sandomirskaja Layout Lena Fredriksson, Serpentin Media Proofreading Bridget Schaefer, Semantix Print Elanders Sverige AB ISBN 978-91-85139-12-5 4 Contents 7 Preface. A New Annual CBEES Publication, Ulla Manns and Joakim Ekman 9 Introduction. Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past, David Gaunt and Tora Lane 15 Background. Eastern and Central Europe as a Region of Memory. Some Common Traits, Barbara Trnquist-Plewa ESSAYS 23 Victimhood and Building Identities on Past Suffering, Florence Frhlig 29 Image, Afterimage, Counter-Image: Communist Visuality without Communism, Irina Sandomirskaja 37 The Toxic Memory Politics in the Post-Soviet Caucasus, Thomas de Waal 45 The Flag Revolution. Understanding the Political Symbols of Belarus, Andrej Kotljarchuk 55 Institutes of Trauma Re-production in a Borderland: Poland, Ukraine, and Lithuania, Per Anders Rudling COUNTRY BY COUNTRY 69 Germany. The Multi-Level Governance of Memory as a Policy Field, Jenny Wstenberg 80 Lithuania. Fractured and Contested Memory Regimes, Violeta Davoliūtė 87 Belarus. The Politics of Memory in Belarus: Narratives and Institutions, Aliaksei Lastouski 94 Ukraine. Memory Nodes Loaded with Potential to Mobilize People, Yuliya Yurchuk 106 Czech Republic.
  • The Cost of Memorializing: Analyzing Armenian Genocide Memorials and Commemorations in the Republic of Armenia and in the Diaspora

    The Cost of Memorializing: Analyzing Armenian Genocide Memorials and Commemorations in the Republic of Armenia and in the Diaspora

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR HISTORY, CULTURE AND MODERNITY www.history-culture-modernity.org Published by: Uopen Journals Copyright: © The Author(s). Content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence eISSN: 2213-0624 The Cost of Memorializing: Analyzing Armenian Genocide Memorials and Commemorations in the Republic of Armenia and in the Diaspora Sabrina Papazian HCM 7: 55–86 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.534 Abstract In April of 1965 thousands of Armenians gathered in Yerevan and Los Angeles, demanding global recognition of and remembrance for the Armenian Genocide after fifty years of silence. Since then, over 200 memorials have been built around the world commemorating the vic- tims of the Genocide and have been the centre of hundreds of marches, vigils and commemorative events. This article analyzes the visual forms and semiotic natures of three Armenian Genocide memorials in Armenia, France and the United States and the commemoration prac- tices that surround them to compare and contrast how the Genocide is being memorialized in different Armenian communities. In doing so, this article questions the long-term effects commemorations have on an overall transnational Armenian community. Ultimately, it appears that calls for Armenian Genocide recognition unwittingly categorize the global Armenian community as eternal victims, impeding the develop- ment of both the Republic of Armenia and the Armenian diaspora. Keywords: Armenian Genocide, commemoration, cultural heritage, diaspora, identity, memorials HCM 2019, VOL. 7 Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/202155 12:33:22PM via free access PAPAZIAN Introduction On 24 April 2015, the hundredth anniversary of the commencement of the Armenian Genocide, Armenians around the world collectively mourned for and remembered their ancestors who had lost their lives in the massacres and deportations of 1915.1 These commemorations took place in many forms, including marches, candlelight vigils, ceremo- nial speeches and cultural performances.
  • The HOMENETMEN LEADER's GUIDE

    The HOMENETMEN LEADER's GUIDE

    The HOMENETMEN LEADER’S GUIDE Հ.Մ.Ը.Մ.ական ՂԵԿԱՎԱՐԻ ՈՒՂԵՑՈՅՑ English Version Second Edition 2.1 February 2019 Prepared by: Dr. Shahe Yeni-Komshian Commissioned by: Homenetmen Western USA Regional Executive Board Sponsored by: Homenetmen Central Executive Board The content of the Homenetmen Leader’s Guide includes original writings by SY, as well as edited past documents and/or reproduction of already prepared documents. The Guide is available on-line as an e-document, at: www. Homenetmen.net The Homenetmen Leader’s Guide was Developed on the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary of HOMENETMEN As a Tribute to its Remarkable Contribution to Armenian Society, In the Hopes of Educating Future Generations of Leaders to Carry on the Torch. SY 2 PREFACE Homenetmen has bylaws, rules and regulations, but no formal leadership development program. Governing bodies also do not have a comprehensive orientation guide for new board members. Hence this guidebook. This Guide is primarily written for the leadership of Western USA Region. However, the entire Homenetmen family with all of its Regions and Chapters could use this guidebook, with minor adjustments of region specific information. WHY Do We Need to HAVE a GUIDE for LEADERS? Every nonprofit organization needs a board development process. Homenetmen has to give tools to those leaders who are expected to lead our youth, to better explain to them their role and responsibilities, educate them about their position and functions and help improve their performance. Quality leaders are better mentors. This Guide may be utilized for two purposes: 1. As a reference handbook, adopted by any Homenetmen leader, or 2.
  • Amaanews-Aug-Sept-Oct2002

    Amaanews-Aug-Sept-Oct2002

    Publication of the Armenian Missionary Association of America AUG/SEPT/OCT 2002 - Vol. XXXVI No. 4 (ISSN 1097-0924) The Rev. Jirair Sogomian Editor Retiring Haigazian University President, the Rev. Dr. John Khanjian Welcomes the New President, the Rev. Dr. Paul Haidostian (see story on pages 10-11) E D I T O R I A L M E S S A G E “A Test of Our Stewardship” Rev. Jirair M. Sogomian These, indeed, are unusual times for us all! As we approach the first anniversary of that infamous 11th day of September in the history of the United States of America, we share the lingering grief and pain of the families and friends of those thousands of innocent victims who perished in such tragic circumstances. However, deeply aware of our shrinking world, often described as a global village, we also share the grief and pain of the least of God’s children around the world who are daily victimized by irrational and inhuman violence, and by the deeply encrusted human injustice and greed that hold our world hostage to unrighteousness and senseless suffering. eedless to say, our world has been affected in not be hoarded and stored up for the future. These are Nmore than one way by the escalation of unbridled times that test the mettle of our faith, the genuineness hatred, boundless brutality and insatiable human of our Christian stewardship, and the honesty of our greed. The economic downturn in our country, caused motives in giving and sharing that others may sur- by these and other conditions, has seriously affected vive times harsher than we have ever experienced! not only the pocketbooks of millions of people, but These are times that call us to new standards of giv- has also seriously curtailed our ability to reach out to ing that are truly sacrificial and self-denying.
  • Understanding Genocide: Insights Gained Through Armenian Survivor Interviews

    Understanding Genocide: Insights Gained Through Armenian Survivor Interviews

    Understanding Genocide: Insights Gained through Armenian Survivor Interviews and Franz Werfel’s “The Forty Days of Musa Dagh” Kate Dwyer University of Minnesota Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program Senior Faculty Mentor: Joachim Savelsberg Introduction In 1933 Franz Werfel published what remains today the most famous literary depiction of the Armenian genocide – The Forty Days of Musa Dagh. The inspiration for the novel came to Werfel while he was touring Damascus fourteen years after genocide had wiped out over half the Armenian population in the region. It was the very sight of famished Armenian children working in a carpet factory that gave Werfel “the final impulse to snatch from the Hades of all that was, this incomprehensible destiny of the Armenian nation” (Werfel 1933). Thus, the very intent of the novel was not to tell a story, but to reveal the inconceivable truth of Armenian suffering. Werfel’s novel was quickly banned from Nazi Germany in 1934 at the request of the Turkish government. Yet, authoritarian leaders were not able to contain the influence of Werfel’s work. Along with other literary works, copies of The Forty Days of Musa Dagh circulated in Nazi ghettos, enhancing the spirit of fighters in the Warsaw ghetto rebellion (Toker 2019). It was read by the notation that like the Armenians on Musa Dagh, these fighters too refused to be massacred like ‘sheep’ (Gregorian 2019). There is no doubt as to why Werfel’s novel was banned; within it lie authentic truths about the Armenian genocide – truths which threatened to delegitimize the state which rose from Armenian ashes in 1923.
  • Sabiha Gökçen's 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation

    Sabiha Gökçen's 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation

    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO ―Sabiha Gökçen‘s 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation Formation and the Ottoman Armenians A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Communication by Fatma Ulgen Committee in charge: Professor Robert Horwitz, Chair Professor Ivan Evans Professor Gary Fields Professor Daniel Hallin Professor Hasan Kayalı Copyright Fatma Ulgen, 2010 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Fatma Ulgen is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2010 iii DEDICATION For my mother and father, without whom there would be no life, no love, no light, and for Hrant Dink (15 September 1954 - 19 January 2007 iv EPIGRAPH ―In the summertime, we would go on the roof…Sit there and look at the stars…You could reach the stars there…Over here, you can‘t.‖ Haydanus Peterson, a survivor of the Armenian Genocide, reminiscing about the old country [Moush, Turkey] in Fresno, California 72 years later. Courtesy of the Zoryan Institute Oral History Archive v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……………………………………………………………....
  • Armenian Terrorism: a Reappraisal

    Armenian Terrorism: a Reappraisal

    Gunter 5/13/09 6:51 PM Page 109 The Journal of Conflict Studies Armenian Terrorism: A Reappraisal by Michael M. Gunter ABSTRACT This article reappraises the strategic impact of Armenian terrorism in the twentieth century. From 1973 to 1985, Armenian terrorists earned a deadly and infamous international reputation by murdering Turkish diplomats or members of their families, along with many other non-involved third parties killed in the crossfire, during 188 terrorist operations worldwide. By the mid-1980s, however, Armenian terrorists had fallen into mindless but deadly internal fighting that resulted in the deaths of several of their leading mem- bers. Yet even with the benefit of 20 years of hindsight, it remains dif- ficult to assess definitively the strategic influence exerted by Armenian terrorism. It was an excellent example of how one person’s terrorist can be viewed by some as another’s freedom fighter. In seek- ing revenge for past perceived wrongs and in pursuit of the goal of an independent state, Armenian terrorism also shared common characteristics with such other ethnic-based terrorist movements as the Irish and Palestinians. Although by practically all conventional standards of measurement its ultimate strategic impact was virtually nil, some might still argue that Armenian terrorism did help preserve the memory of what many call the twentieth-century’s first or forgot- ten genocide. INTRODUCTION Tacitly supported by many Armenians and others throughout the world as legitimate revenge for what most observers viewed as genocide1 in the First World War, Armenian terrorism in the twentieth century was an excellent exam- ple of how one person’s terrorist can be viewed by some as another’s freedom fighter.
  • The Armenian Weekly APRIL 26, 2008

    The Armenian Weekly APRIL 26, 2008

    Cover 4/11/08 8:52 PM Page 1 The Armenian Weekly APRIL 26, 2008 IMAGES PERSPECTIVES RESEARCH WWW.ARMENIANWEEKLY.COM Contributors 4/13/08 5:48 PM Page 3 The Armenian Weekly RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES 6 Nothing but Ambiguous: The Killing of Hrant Dink in 34 Linked Histories: The Armenian Genocide and the Turkish Discourse—By Seyhan Bayrakdar Holocaust—By Eric Weitz 11 A Society Crippled by Forgetting—By Ayse Hur 38 Searching for Alternative Approaches to Reconciliation: A 14 A Glimpse into the Armenian Patriarchate Censuses of Plea for Armenian-Kurdish Dialogue—By Bilgin Ayata 1906/7 and 1913/4—By George Aghjayan 43 Thoughts on Armenian-Turkish Relations 17 A Deportation that Did Not Occur—By Hilmar Kaiser By Dennis Papazian 19 Scandinavia and the Armenian Genocide— 45 Turkish-Armenian Relations: The Civil Society Dimension By Matthias Bjornlund By Asbed Kotchikian 23 Organizing Oblivion in the Aftermath of Mass Violence 47 Thoughts from Xancepek (and Beyond)—By Ayse Gunaysu By Ugur Ungor 49 From Past Genocide to Present Perpetrator Victim Group 28 Armenia and Genocide: The Growing Engagement of Relations: A Philosophical Critique—By Henry C. Theriault Azerbaijan—By Ara Sanjian IMAGES ON THE COVER: Sion Abajian, born 1908, Marash 54 Photography from Julie Dermansky Photo by Ara Oshagan & Levon Parian, www.genocideproject.net 56 Photography from Alex Rivest Editor’s Desk Over the past few tographers who embark on a journey to shed rials worldwide, and by Rivest, of post- years, the Armenian light on the scourge of genocide, the scars of genocide Rwanda. We thank photographers Weekly, with both its denial, and the spirit of memory.
  • Michigan State Journal of History

    Michigan State Journal of History

    Michigan State Journal of History Volume 6, 2014 1 2 Table of Contents Letter from Editor 4 The Mexican Problem 5 Daniel Sherwood A War Between the Pages: A Historic Look at the Influence of Vogue on 15 Women During World War II Caroline Voisine Armenian Nationalism: Emergent Political Organizations and Revolutionary 27 Activity Surrounding the First World War Connor Yeck Bandits and Heroes: The Partisan Struggle in the Soviet Union 42 Greg Spenchian Influences of Socialism and the Socialist Workers Party on the Detroit Gay 58 Community During the 1970’s Sean Wolski Development of Episcopal Elections in the Early Twelfth Century 70 Trevor Mattis II The Folly of Manifest Destiny: Filibustering in Antebellum America 80 Kevin M Cunningham A Note on our Review Process 90 Essay Submission Policy 91 3 4 Staff of the Michigan State Journal of History Editor-in-Chief Mikhail Filipovitch Board of Editors Renee Brewster Kevin Cunningham Trevor Mattis II Nathaniel Medd Design Editor Kolt Ewing Website Manager Elyse Hansen Faculty Advisor Dr. Vanessa Holden 5 LETTER FROM THE EDITOR My first experience with the academic journal was purchasing Volume 5 as a freshman history major. When I look back, as a young, aspiring historian, the works within the journal established a realistic standard for academic excellence in my mind. Publishing a work in The MSU Undergraduate Historian was from then on a goal of my collegiate career. The journal, unfortunately, did not continue after the publication of Volume 5 in Spring 2010. And while I may never have had the opportunity to join the ranks of the great undergraduate academics that have authored works in these journals, I believe the spirit of that dream has been realized.
  • The Armenians from Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars

    The Armenians from Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars

    The Armenians From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars RAZMIK PANOSSIAN HURST & COMPANY, LONDON THE ARMENIANS To my parents Stephan and Sona Panossian RAZMIK PANOSSIAN The Armenians From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars HURST & COMPANY,LONDON First published in the United Kingdom by C. Hurst & Co. (Publishers) Ltd, 41 Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3PL Copyright © by Razmik Panossian, 2006 All rights reserved. Printed in India The right of Razmik Panossian to be identified as the author of this volume has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyight, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. A catalogue record for this volume is available from the British Library. ISBNs 1-85065-644-4 casebound 1-85065-788-2 paperback ‘The life of a nation is a sea, and those who look at it from the shore cannot know its depths.’—Armenian proverb ‘The man who finds his homeland sweet is still a tender beginner; he to whom every soil is as his native one is already strong; but he is perfect to whom the entire world is as a foreign land. The tender soul has fixed his love on one spot in the world; the strong man has extended his love to all places; the perfect man has extinguished his.’—Hugo of St Victor (monk from Saxony,12th century) The proverb is from Mary Matossian, The Impact of Soviet Policies in Armenia. Hugo of St Victor is cited in Edward Said, ‘Reflections on Exile’, Granta, no. 13. CONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgements page xi 1. Introduction 1 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND DEFINITIONS 5 A brief overview: going beyond dichotomies 6 Questionable assumptions: homogenisation and the role of the state 10 The Armenian view 12 Defining the nation 18 — The importance of subjectivity 20 — The importance of modernity 24 — The characteristics of nations 28 2.
  • Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies 4 Fulltext

    Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies 4 Fulltext

    Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies No: | 20 4 June 20 Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies Year 3, Issue 4 June 2020 e-ISSN 2667-470X editors Editor in Chief and Owner Mehmet HACISALİHOĞLU, Prof. Dr., Yıldız Technical University, Director of Center for Balkan and Black Sea Studies (BALKAR) Managing Editors Responsible Director: Hakan DEMİR, PhD., Sakarya University Deniz ERTUĞ, PhD., Istanbul Jahja MUHASILOVIĆ, PhD. cand., Boğaziçi University Fatih Fuat TUNCER, Assist. Prof. Dr., Gelişim University Keisuke WAKIZAKA, Assist. Prof. Dr., Gelişim University Cengiz YOLCU, PhD cand., 29 Mayıs University Secretary Ersin YILMAZ Editorial Board Chair: Mehmet HACISALİHOĞLU, Prof. Dr., Fuat AKSU, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Yıldız Technical University Isa BLUMI, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Stockholm University Cengiz ÇAĞLA, Prof. Dr., Yıldız Technical University Ali ÇAKSU, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Yıldız Technical University Bilgin ÇELİK, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Dokuz Eylül University Neriman ERSOY-HACISALİHOĞLU, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Istanbul University Ayşe KAYAPINAR, Prof. Dr., Namık Kemal University Levent KAYAPINAR, Prof. Dr., Namık Kemal University Elçin MACAR, Prof. Dr., Yıldız Technical University Çiğdem NAS, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Yıldız Technical University Ali Fuat ÖRENÇ, Prof. Dr., Istanbul University Nurcan ÖZGÜR-BAKLACIOĞLU, Prof. Dr., Istanbul University Esra ÖZSÜER, Assist. Prof. Dr., Istanbul University Laçin İdil ÖZTIĞ, Assist. Prof. Yıldız Technical University Milena PETKOVA, Assist. Prof. Dr., Kliment Ohridski University, Sofia Cevdet ŞANLI, Assist. Prof. Dr., Yıldız Technical University A. Gül TOKAY, PhD., Istanbul/London Tsvetelina TSVETKOVA, PhD., Sofia International Advisory Board Vermund AARBAKKE (Assist. Prof. Dr., Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki) Fikret ADANIR (Prof. Dr., Bochum) Yıldırım AĞANOĞLU (Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi) Bülent AKYAY (Assist. Prof.