JANÁČKOVA AKADEMIE MÚZICKÝCH UMĚNÍ V BRNĚ Bubeníci Jakožto Vůdčí Osobnosti Jazzových Ansámblů V Historii Bakalá

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JANÁČKOVA AKADEMIE MÚZICKÝCH UMĚNÍ V BRNĚ Bubeníci Jakožto Vůdčí Osobnosti Jazzových Ansámblů V Historii Bakalá JANÁČKOVA AKADEMIE MÚZICKÝCH UMĚNÍ V BRNĚ Hudební fakulta Katedra jazzové interpretace Studijní obor Jazzová interpretace Bubeníci jakožto vůdčí osobnosti jazzových ansámblů v historii Bakalářská práce Autor práce: Michael Nosek Vedoucí práce: odb. as. Kamil Slezák Oponent práce: MgA. Martin Kleibl Brno 2014 Bibliografický záznam NOSEK, Michael. Bubeníci jakožto vůdčí osobnosti jazzových ansámblů v historii [Drummers as leaders of ensembles in jazz history]. Brno: Janáčkova akademie múzických umění v Brně, Hudební fakulta, rok 2014. Vedoucí bakalářské práce odb. as. Kamil Slezák. Anotace Bakalářská práce „Bubeníci jakožto vůdčí osobnosti jazzových ansámblů v historii” pojednává o třech bubenících, kteří vedli v historii vlastní jazzovou kapelu, či projekt. Na dva z nich (Buddy Rich a Dave Weckl) se potom zaměřuje podrobněji z hlediska herního stylu, biografie, diskografie, volby nástrojů, celkového zvuku a podobně. Mark Guilliana je zmíněn stručněji. Annotation Bachelor thesis „Drummers as leaders of ensembles in jazz history ” deals with drummers, which led their own jazz band, or project in history. The two of them (Buddy Rich and Dave Weckl) are mentioned with a lot of details focused in terms of playing style, biography, discography, choice of musical instruments, the overall sound etc. Mark Guilliana is mentioned more briefly. Klíčová slova Bubeník; bandleader; Buddy Rich; Dave Weckl; biografie; diskografie; bicí souprava; zajímavosti; publikace; Mark Guilliana. Keywords Drummer; bandleader; Buddy Rich; Dave Weckl; biography; discography; drumset; points of interest; publications; Mark Guilliana. Prohlášení: Prohlašuji, že jsem předkládanou práci zpracoval samostatně a použil jen uvedené prameny a literaturu. V Brně, dne 2. května 2014 Michael Nosek OBSAH 1. ÚVOD ....................................................................................................................... 1 2. PŘEDMLUVA ............................................................................................................. 2 3. VYMEZENÍ POJMŮ ................................................................................................... 4 4. BUDDY RICH ............................................................................................................. 7 4.1. O životě ........................................................................................................... 7 4.2. Herní styl ......................................................................................................... 8 4.3. Zajímavosti ...................................................................................................... 9 4.4. Diskografie .................................................................................................... 10 4.5. Spolupráce .................................................................................................... 11 4.6. Ocenění ......................................................................................................... 11 4.7. Nástroje ........................................................................................................ 11 4.8. Shrnutí .......................................................................................................... 13 5. DAVE WECKL .......................................................................................................... 14 5.1. Fusion ........................................................................................................... 14 5.2. O životě ......................................................................................................... 14 5.3. Desky Dave Weckla ....................................................................................... 15 5.4. Zajímavosti .................................................................................................... 18 5.5. Weckl jako pedagog ...................................................................................... 19 5.6. Spolupráce .................................................................................................... 21 5.7. Nástroje ........................................................................................................ 21 5.8. Shrnutí .......................................................................................................... 22 6. DALŠÍ ZAJÍMAVÁ OSOBNOST.................................................................................. 24 7. MARK GUILLIANA ................................................................................................... 24 8. ZÁVĚR ..................................................................................................................... 27 9. POUŽITÉ INFORMAČNÍ ZDROJE ............................................................................. 28 1. ÚVOD Tato práce bude pojednávat o hráčích na bicí soupravu, kteří zároveň v historii vedli vlastní ansámbl. Budu se snažit přiblížit jejich život, způsob hraní a na základě nahrávek se pokusím blížeji seznámit s jejich charakteristikami, vzájemnými odlišnostmi i spojujícími prvky v jejich hře a pokusím se také popsat a zhodnotit jejich úlohu bandleaderů. Z množství takovýchto osobností jsem si nakonec vybral tři, o kterých bych rád pojednal: Buddy Rich Dave Weckl Mark Guilliana Co se zdrojů týče, budu čerpat z internetu, nahrávek, videí a interview (viz Použité informační zdroje). Tato bakalářská práce má mít charakter spíše encyklopedický. Od mého bádání si slibuji hlubší průnik do dané problematiky, tedy hlavně jakýsi sebevzdělávací proces. Před studiem na JAMU jsem se jazzem příliš do hloubky nezabýval, a proto se domnívám, že i tato práce by mne mohla určitým způsobem „dovzdělat“ v tématice, kterou zde studuji. 1 2. PŘEDMLUVA Jak jsem již dříve naznačil, tato práce by neměla být jen prostým absolventským počinem, ale možností proniknout do osobního a profesního života bubeníků, kteří mně imponují svými instrumentálními, improvizačními, vůdčími a jinými schopnostmi. Nikdy jsem se podobnými věcmi nezabýval, pouze jsem konzumoval jejich hudbu. Někdy z laického, jindy z profesního úhlu pohledu, nicméně nijak výrazně. Zhruba v době, kdy jsem začal studovat Katedru Jazzové Interpretace zde v Brně na JAMU, jsem založil vlastní autorský hudební projekt Personal Highway. V době, kdy jsem začal komponovat vlastní hudbu, jsem se částečně byl schopen oprostit od čistě sidemanského a interpretačního pojetí hudby, kterou jsem tehdy tímto způsobem chápal. Role leadera je poměrně delikátní záležitost. Bandleader by měl mít jasnou představu o hudbě, kterou v tělese hraje, měl by být schopen si své názory obhájit před ostatními, zároveň se však otevřít pro konstruktivní kritiku zbývajících členů kapely a podobně. Sám si tyto věci velmi silně uvědomuji při každé zkoušce, koncertu a nahrávání. Myslím si, že být leaderem se nelze vlastně naučit – člověk by jím měl být od přírody, podobně jako například pedagog. Ano, na škole se naučí historii, techniky výuky, způsoby ohodnocování studentů a další užitečné věci. Zároveň jej však škola nepřevychová v jeho základním charakteru. Naučí jej, jak si vydobýt autoritu, ale nenaučí jej, jak si ji společně s respektem studentů získat přirozeně. Jsem přesvědčen, že s těmito vlastnostmi se člověk rodí a vidím zde skutečně velkou paralelu mezi pedagogy a vedoucími hudebních souborů. I s vědomím faktu, že žák základní školy do ní chodí z povinnosti, kdežto hráč v kapele častěji ze zájmu. Nicméně ani to není v profesionální sféře pravidlem. Z toho vyplývá, že bandleader kapely, u které nejde tolik o vydělávání si na živobytí, ale o čistou radost z tvoření hudby, má situaci podstatně jednodušší než jeho kolega na opačné straně tohoto řekněme profesně-hudebního spektra. To zde ovšem rozebírat nehodlám. Spíše bych se chtěl zaměřit na jinou věc. Bubeníci, o kterých budu psát, byli bezesporu na tomto poli úspěšní, lze-li tak usuzovat z faktu, že projekty byli schopni 2 držet po delší dobu v obdobných sestavách. U každého z nich je však patrné, že cíle dosahovali trochu jiným způsobem. Někteří do hudby byli schopni otisknout více ega, jiní méně a to je podle mne zajímavé. Tím, že ke každému z nich pohovořím krátce o jejich životě a backgroundu a přiblížím tím tak jejich povahové rysy, bude vzrušující sledovat, zda sami sebe v hudbě potvrzují, či negují... 3 3. VYMEZENÍ POJMŮ Abychom se v celé práci lépe orientovali, uvádím zde krátký slovníček pojmů, se kterými se budeme v tomto textu často setkávat. Leader – obecně „vůdce“, „vůdčí osobnost“; Bandleader – kapelník; Sideman – člen kapely, který není bandleadrem; Improvizace – způsob hraní, kdy hráč využívá momentální situace v hudbě a dotváří, či ji přímo vytváří, za použití všech svých hráčských dovedností a schopností. Jde tedy o vysoce autentickou a osobní činnost, která by však vždy měla sloužit hudbě jakožto celku; Jazz – jde o typ afro-americké hudby, který se zformoval mezi koncem 19. st. a počátkem 20. st. v USA jako kombinace evropské harmonie a forem s africkými hudebními elementy jako jsou blue tóny, improvizace, polyrytmy, synkopy a houpavé frázovaní.1 Nicméně dnes již toto slovo já osobně chápu jinak. Podle mě je jazz obecně hudba, která vysloveně stojí na improvizaci a tvůrčím reagování na momentální hudební situaci. Proto zde uvádím i bubeníky, kteří jazz, jakožto styl, ve svých projektech nehrají, nicméně projekty v tomto slova smyslu duch jazzu nepostrádají; Groove – anglický výraz pro „drážku“. Napadá mě elegantní vysvětlení – když jehla gramofonu jede ve drážce, hudba hraje a „jede“, když je jehla mimo
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