Inferring Tick Movements at the Landscape Scale by SNP Genotyping Olivier Plantard, Elsa Quillery
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Inferring tick movements at the landscape scale by SNP genotyping Olivier Plantard, Elsa Quillery To cite this version: Olivier Plantard, Elsa Quillery. Inferring tick movements at the landscape scale by SNP genotyping. 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LYME BORRELIOSIS AND OTHER TICK BORNE DISEASES, Aug 2013, Boston, United States. hal-02744498 HAL Id: hal-02744498 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02744498 Submitted on 3 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike| 4.0 International License 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LYME BORRELIOSIS AND OTHER TICK BORNE DISEASES Boston, MA, USA, 18–21 August 2013 13th International Conference on Lyme Borreliosis and other Tick Borne Diseases Abstracts ISBN: 978-2-88919-408-7 DOI: 10.3389/978-2-88919-408-7 The text of the abstracts is reproduced as submitted. The opinions and views expressed are those of the authors and have not been verifi ed by the meeting Organisers, who accept no responsibility for the statements made or the accuracy of the data presented. The 13th Internati onal Conference on Lyme Borreliosis and other ti ck Borne Diseases Summary of the Thirteenth Internati onal Conference Lyme Borreliosis and Other Tick-Borne Diseases Linda K. Bockenstedt and Linden Hu Within this issue of Frontiers are abstracts from the Thirteenth International Conference on Lyme and Other Tick-Borne Diseases (ICLB), held August 18–21, 2013 in Boston, Massachusetts. ICLB is one of the preeminent conferences in the world for clinical, epidemiological, and pathogenetic studies of tick-borne diseases. The fi rst conference was held in November, 1983, at Yale University in New Haven, CT, and focused on Lyme borreliosis, which had recently been identifi ed as an Ixodes tick-transmitted spirochetal infection. Since then, the conference has been held every 2–3 years alternating between sites in the United States and in Europe. Although Lyme borreliosis remains the most common vector borne-disease in the United States and in Europe, the subject matter of the conference has expanded to include other important agents of human disease that are transmitted by Ixodes sp. ticks including but not limited to Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia species, relapsing fever spirochetes, and tick borne encephalitis virus. The Thirteenth ICLB conference brought together some of the most knowledgeable investigators in the world along with their trainees to share scientifi c discoveries relevant to infections transmitted by Ixodes ticks. Attendees came from a diversity of backgrounds including physicians, clinical and laboratory-based researchers, veterinarians, ecologists, and entomologists from academia, industry, and government, representing 26 countries in North America, Europe, and Asia. There were over 250 participants presenting 220 posters. The conference opened with a celebration honoring the careers of two physician scientists – Stephen Malawista1 and Allen Steere – whose investigation of childhood arthritis ultimately led to the discovery of Lyme disease, the fi rst Ixodes tick-borne disease identifi ed in the United States. Malawista, whose scientifi c career was dedicated to the study of infl ammation and blood leukocytes in human disease, especially in gout and Lyme disease, was Chief of the Section of Rheumatology at Yale. Steere, a CDC-trained epidemiologist, had just begun his rheumatology postdoctoral fellowship training and was poised to “get to the bottom” (his own words) of what was causing Lyme arthritis, a research endeavor to which he has devoted his entire career. To honor them both, a poster entitled “A Newspaper Survey of The Discovery of Lyme Disease” was displayed to chronicle the remarkable epidemiologic efforts that culminated in the identifi cation of an emerging Ixodes tick-borne spirochetal infection the United States. As can be seen in the abstracts that were presented orally and in poster format, the conference covered a range of topics, from ecology and epidemiology, to new information about the basic biology of Lyme Borrelia and other tick-borne pathogens, to disease pathogenesis and host immunity, to clinical presentations, diagnostics, interventions, and outcomes. Three themes in particular were highlighted during the plenary sessions: (1) ways to curtail the spread of tick-borne diseases; (2) approaches to the question of Lyme Borrelia persistence in humans after treatment; and (3) priorities for future research of tick-borne diseases. The opening plenary lecture was delivered by the entomologist Durland Fish, who described environmental strategies to limit the spread of tick-borne diseases. Although such measures can be effective, he cautioned the audience on the need to act quickly, as their implementation is easier before enzootic cycles have been fi rmly established. On-going active surveillance is essential for monitoring the potential threat of tick-borne diseases. New strategies for disrupting existing zoonoses are critical, as we learned from Paul Mead of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention that the estimated annual incidence of Lyme disease in the United States is about 300,000 cases. In addition to Lyme disease, Ixodes ticks transmit other pathogens of human concern, including Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia species, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and the newly emergent relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi. Regarding the latter, Platonov and our Russian colleagues reported the range of clinical and epidemiologic features 128 Borrelia miyamotoi cases – the largest documented series in the world. A special plenary session was devoted to the issue of bacterial persistence. James Collins from Boston University gave a scintillating presentation on bacterial “persisters,” defi ned as dormant cells within a genetically homogeneous bacterial population that are tolerant to the effects of antibiotics. Excessive use of antibiotics may actually drive bacteria to a state of persistence, contrary to a popular lay notion that long-term therapy is the solution to their eradication. A panel discussion ensued in which Mark Klempner reviewed the clinical trial data showing lack of effi cacy of extended courses of antibiotics for people with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome; Stephen Barthold discussed the results of animal studies suggesting Lyme Borrelia persistence; Linda Bockenstedt explained the importance of using tick-borne infection (ideally with a single nymphal tick) rather than cultured inocula to study Lyme Borrelia persistence in animal models if the goal is to gain insight into human disease; Monica Embers reported preliminary results of a study using tick-transmitted infection in the rhesus macaque Lyme borreliosis model; and 1 Malawista passed away on September 18, 2013, after a fi ve-year battle with metastatic melanoma. The 13th Internati onal Conference on Lyme Borreliosis and other ti ck Borne Diseases 1 BBorneorne DDiseasesiseases AAbstracts_2014.indbbstracts_2014.indb 1 007/11/147/11/14 44:11:11 PPMM The 13th Internati onal Conference on Lyme Borreliosis and other ti ck Borne Diseases Brian Fallon raised questions about the etiology of neurocognitive complaints in people with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome and how best to study them. Although no answers were provided, the group discussion provided a forum for researchers to clarify issues and identify concerns. The conference concluded with summaries from each of the session chairs regarding future directions in the fi eld. The general lack of funding for training the next generation of ecologists/entomologists in the fi eld of tick-borne diseases was raised, particularly in light of the anticipated retirement of many long-standing leaders in this area. The need for better prevention strategies for tick-borne diseases was highlighted, with some calling for re-release of the LymeRx vaccine and others suggesting that drastic measures may be necessary if outbreaks of Powassan virus become more prevalent now that the virus has expanded to Ixodes sp. ticks that transmit Lyme disease. Finally, the need to conduct studies in humans to gain more information about human biology and how it impacts the outcome from tick-borne diseases was conveyed. Overall, the conference was considered a great success. The feedback from attendees was uniformly positive, which Linden and I can only attribute to the quality of the science and the participation of the attendees themselves. We are grateful for the opportunity to continue this biannual tradition, started in 1983 by Steere, and look forward to the next conference in Vienna, Austria in 2015. 2 The 13th Internati onal Conference on Lyme Borreliosis and other ti ck Borne Diseases BBorneorne DDiseasesiseases AAbstracts_2014.indbbstracts_2014.indb 2 007/11/147/11/14 44:11:11 PPMM The 13th Internati onal Conference on Lyme Borreliosis and other ti ck Borne Diseases 003 Inferring ti ck movements at the landscape scale by SNP genotyping Elsa Quillery and Olivier Plantard* INRA (Insti tute Nati onal de la Recherche Agronomique),