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Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends pages 1891–2100 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman Managing Senior Editor EDITORIAL BOARD Polyxeni Potter, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dennis Alexander, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom Senior Associate Editor Barry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Brian W.J. Mahy, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA Christopher Braden, Atlanta, GA, USA Associate Editors Carolyn Bridges, Atlanta, GA, USA Paul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Arturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Kenneth C. Castro, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Thomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Anne DeGroot, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Michel Drancourt, Marseille, France Vincent Deubel, Shanghai, China Paul V. Effl er, Perth, Australia Ed Eitzen, Washington, DC, USA K. Mills McNeill, Kampala, Uganda David Freedman, Birmingham, AL, USA Nina Marano, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Kathleen Gensheimer, Cambridge, MA, USA Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Peter Gerner-Smidt, Atlanta, GA, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Duane J. Gubler, Singapore J. Glenn Morris, Gainesville, Florida, USA Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Patrice Nordmann, Paris, France Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA Tanja Popovic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David L. Heymann, Geneva, Switzerland Jocelyn A. Rankin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Daniel B. Jernigan, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Didier Raoult, Marseille, France Charles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Keith Klugman, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dixie E. Snider, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Takeshi Kurata, Tokyo, Japan Frank Sorvillo, Los Angeles, California, USA S.K. Lam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia David Walker, Galveston, Texas, USA Bruce R. Levin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Warnock, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Myron Levine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA J. Todd Weber, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Stuart Levy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Henrik C. Wegener, Copenhagen, Denmark John S. MacKenzie, Perth, Australia Founding Editor Marian McDonald, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Joseph E. McDade, Rome, Georgia, USA John E. McGowan, Jr., Atlanta, Georgia, USA Tom Marrie, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Copy Editors Ban Mishu-Allos, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Karen Foster, Thomas Gryczan, Nancy Mannikko, Beverly Merritt, Philip P. Mortimer, London, United Kingdom Rhonda Ray, Carol Snarey, P. Lynne Stockton Fred A. Murphy, Galveston, Texas, USA Production Barbara E. Murray, Houston, Texas, USA Carrie Huntington, Ann Jordan, Carole Liston, Shannon O’Connor, P. Keith Murray, Geelong, Australia Reginald Tucker Stephen M. Ostroff, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA David H. Persing, Seattle, Washington, USA Editorial Assistant Richard Platt, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Susanne Justice Gabriel Rabinovich, Buenos Aires, Argentina www.cdc.gov/eid Mario Raviglione, Geneva, Switzerland Leslie Real, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases David Relman, Palo Alto, California, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases is published monthly by the Centers for Disease Connie Schmaljohn, Frederick, Maryland, USA Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Telephone 404-639-1960, fax 404-639-1954, email [email protected]. Tom Schwan, Hamilton, Montana, USA Ira Schwartz, Valhalla, New York, USA The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessar- Tom Shinnick, Atlanta, Georgia, USA ily refl ect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Bonnie Smoak, Bethesda, Maryland, USA institutions with which the authors are affi liated. Rosemary Soave, New York, New York, USA All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the public domain P. Frederick Sparling, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, how- Robert Swanepoel, Johannesburg, South Africa ever, is required. Phillip Tarr, St. Louis, Missouri, USA Use of trade names is for identifi cation only and does not imply endorsement Timothy Tucker, Cape Town, South Africa by the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Elaine Tuomanen, Memphis, Tennessee, USA Services. John Ward, Atlanta, Georgia, USA ∞ Emerging Infectious Diseases is printed on acid-free paper that meets the requirements of Mary E. Wilson, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper) Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 December 2009 On the Cover Highly Pathogenic Avian Infl uenza Rosa Bonheur (1822–1899) Virus (H5N1) in Backyard Chickens, Plowing in Nivernais (1850) Bangladesh ............................................. 1931 Oil on canvas P.K. Biswas et al. (133.4 cm × 259.1 cm) Using slaughter remnants of purchased chickens as feed, SN433 Collection of the John and having water nearby, and having contact with pigeons were Mable Ringling Museum of Art, risk factors. the State Art Museum of Florida, a Division of Florida State University Tularemia Outbreaks in Sweden ...........1937 About the Cover p. 2087 K. Svensson et al. Transmission sites of specifi c genotypes were highly Synopsis localized during natural outbreaks. Towards Control of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Streptococcus iniae ............................... 1891 Ecotypes in Enzootic Cycles .................1948 J.C.F. Baiano and A.C. Barnes K.J. Bown et al. Recently identifi ed virulence factors can lead to new approaches, such as vaccination programs at fi sh farms. Genetically distinct subpopulations have adapted to different niches. Research Novel Calicivirus in Rabbits, Genomic Signatures of Infl uenza A Michigan, USA ........................................ 1955 Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus .................1897 I.L. Bergin et al. G.-W. Chen and S.-R. Shih This virus is distinct from rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. Amino acid signatures at host species–specifi c positions may affect virus transformation. Policy Review Tick-borne Agents in Rodents, Pandemic Infl uenza as 21st Century China, 2004–2006.................................... 1904 Urban Public Health Crisis .................... 1963 L. Zhan et al. D.M. Bell et al. Rodent species may be involved in enzootic maintenance. p. 1958 Responses of Mexico City and New York City in spring 2009 illustrate the importance of advance planning. Hospital Infection Control Response to Epidemic Respiratory Virus Threat ..1909 Dispatches Y.Y. Dan et al. 1970 Oseltamivir-Resistant Infl uenza A Infl uenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 can be contained with less-expensive measures than other viruses. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus, Hong Kong, China H. Chen et al. Possible Interruption of Malaria p. 1965 Transmission, Highland Kenya, 1973 Antiviral Drug–Resistant Infl uenza A in 2007–2008................................................ 1917 Long-Term Care Facility, Illinois, USA, 2008 N.J. Dharan et al. C.C. John et al. Annual insecticide spraying and artemisinin combination 1977 Sympatry of 2 Hantavirus Strains, therapy may stop transmission. Paraguay, 2003–2007 Y.-K. Chu et al. CME ACTIVITY 1981 Cross-Sectional Survey of Hantavirus Community-associated Methicillin- Infection, Brazil Resistant Staphylococcus aureus J.E. Limongi et al. in Outpatients, USA, 1999–2006 ............1925 1984 Bartonella rochalimae in Raccoons, E. Klein et al. Coyotes, and Red Foxes These patients likely infl uence transmission in hospitals. J.B. Henn et al. Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1988 CTX-M β-Lactamase Production and Virulence of Escherichia coli K1 D. Dubois et al. December 2009 1991 Ehrlichia chaffeensis in Sika Deer, Nara 2052 New Adenovirus in Bats, Germany Park, Japan M. Sonntag et al. M. Kawahara et al. 2056 Human Trichinellosis after Consumption 1994 Diagnostic Assay for Rickettsia japonica of Soft-Shelled Turtles, Taiwan N. Hanaoka et al. Y.-C. Lo et al. 1998 Novel Lineage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Pigs L. Guardabassi et al. Another Dimension 2001 Respiratory Infection in Institutions 2080 A Groundhog, a Novel Bartonella during Early Stages of Pandemic (H1N1) Sequence, and My Father’s Death 2009 E.B. Breitschwerdt et al. A. Marchand-Austin et al. 2004 Estimating the Prevalence of Pandemic Letters (H1N1) 2009 in the United States, April–July 2009 2059 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation C. Reed et al. for Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 p. 2030 2008 Mopeia Virus–related Arenavirus in Natal 2060 Respiratory Disease in Adults during Multimammate Mice, Tanzania Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Outbreak, S. Günther et al. Argentina 2013 Molecular Model of Prion Transmission to 2061 Susceptibility of Poultry to Pandemic Humans (H1N1) 2009 Virus M. Jones et al. 2063 Oropouche Fever Outbreak, Manaus, 2017 Dobrava-Belgrade Virus Spillover Brazil, 2007–2008 Infections, Germany 2064 Identical Strains of Borrelia hermsii in M. Schegel et al. Mammal and Bird 2021 Wild Felids as Hosts for Human Plague, 2066 Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis Western United States in Goats, Nigeria S.N. Bevins et al. 2067 Streptococcus suis Meningitis, Hawaii 2025 Transplacental Transmission of Bluetongue Virus 8 in Cattle, UK 2069 Chorioamnionitis and Neonatal Sepsis K.E. Darpal et al. p. 2041 from Community-associated MRSA 2029 Echinococcus vogeli Infection in a 2071 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Hunter, French Guiana aureus in Marine Mammals J. Knapp et al. 2072 Parachlamydia and Rhabdochlamydia