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The US-Dakota War of 1862 Minnesota Historical Society

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The US-Dakota War of 1862 Minnesota Historical Society The US-Dakota War of 1862 Minnesota Historical Society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file:///private/var/folders/PQ/PQLev8E5Gj86GCQYVrSGfU+++TI... Re: [Website feedback] Permission to include print version of web pages as part of district curriculum Aimee VL Hohn to: karen.randall 10/22/2012 10:16 AM Show Details History: This message has been replied to. Hi Karen- Just got the go-ahead for you to use the website material for your needs. Just credit MHS per our use policy: http://www.mnhs.org/mhsuse.html Let me know if you need anything else. Thanks, Aimee On Thu, Oct 18, 2012 at 1:43 PM, <[email protected]> wrote: Karen Randall ([email protected]) sent a message using the contact form at http://www.usdakotawar.org/contact. I am working on curriculum to be used by Saint Paul 6th grade teachers as part of instruction on research and informational text writing. The focus of the work is the US-Dakota War and your web site is an excellent, comprehensive resource. Access to computers is an issue in many schools, though, so it would be helpful to be able to provide teachers and students with PDF versions of some pages from your site, for printing at their buildings. Would the licensing rules of the Historical Society permit this? -- Aimee V. LaBree Online Producer Minnesota Historical Society 345 Kellogg Boulevard Saint Paul, MN 55102 T: 651-259-3028 F:651-282-2374 1 of 1 10/23/12 8:49 PM Oceti !akowi": The Seven Council Fires | The U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 http://www.usdakotawar.org/history/dakota-homeland/oceti-#akowi"-seven-council-fires Oceti !akowi": The Seven Council Fires Tio!paye(Kinship) Mitakuye oyasin: "All are related" From Oceti !akowi": The Seven Council Fires. MHS Collections. Historically, there were seven major divisions, or council fires, of the “Sioux,” Courtesy of http://www.ndstudies.org. Graphic By: Cassie Theuer North Dakota Studies Project State Historical Society of North Dakota each a distinct but similar culture. Mdewaka"to"wa", The Spirit Lake People (Mdewakanton), Wa#pekute, The Shooters Among the Leaves People (Wahpekute), Wa#peto"wa", The People Dwelling Among the Leaves (Wahpeton), and Sisito"wa", People of the Fish Village(s) (Sisseton), are referred to as the Santee or Eastern Dakota. Iha"kto"wa", Dwellers at the End (Yankton) and Iha"kto"wa"na, Little Dwellers at the End (Yanktonai) are referred to as the Western Dakota or often as the Nakota; and the Ti´to"wa", Dwellers on the Plains (Teton) are called Lakota. The historic alliance of these divisions is known variously as the Sioux, the Great Sioux Nation, or Oceti $akowi", The Seven Council Fires. Today, Dakota, Lakota and Nakota tribal governments and communities are located in Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Nebraska, and Montana in the United States, and Manitoba and Saskatchewan in Canada. Learn about and hear more from members of Dakota communities. 1 of 2 10/23/12 7:51 PM Land & Lifeways | The U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 http://www.usdakotawar.org/history/dakota-homeland/land-lifeways Land & Lifeways Oral Tradition Bdote St. Paul is the “White Rock;" Minneapolis is “the Place Where the Water Falls;" New Ulm is “the Place Where There is a Cottonwood Grove on the River;" Fort Ridgely was “the Soldiers’ House;" Birch Coulee was called “Birch Creek.” Wambditanka (Big Eagle), Mdewakanton Dakota Village on the Mississippi near Fort Snelling, 1845-48 Dakota leader, 1894 Mni sota- Land of the cloud tinted waters. The area now known as Minnesota has been called "home" by Dakota people for thousands of years. For hundreds of years the Santee (or Eastern) Dakota moved their villages and varied their work according to the seasons. They spent the winter living off the stores of supplies built up during the previous year. Women gathered wood, processed hides, and made clothes while men hunted and fished. In the spring, villages dispersed and men left on hunting parties, while women, children, and the elderly moved into sugaring camps to make maple sugar and syrup. During the summer months families gathered in villages and men hunted and fished while women and children cultivated crops such as corn, squash, and beans. Once the corn had been harvested, families focused on gathering wild rice along the rivers. In autumn, families moved to the year's chosen hunting grounds for the annual hunt. This traditional lifestyle of communal support was the basis for Dakota society and culture. From Historicfortsnelling.org. 1 of 3 10/23/12 7:49 PM Traders | The U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 http://www.usdakotawar.org/history/newcomers/traders Traders Kinship & Newcomers American Indian nations traded for centuries before the arrival of Europeans. Over a 200-year span beginning in the mid-1600s, European traders exchanged manufactured goods for valuable furs with Indian people. Following the American Revolution, the United States competed fiercely with Great Britain for dominance of the North American fur trade. After the War of 1812 there were A Fur Trader in the Council Tipi, about 1892 three main parties involved in the Northwest Territory's fur trade: Indians, fur trading companies, and the U.S. government. Dakota and Ojibwe men were the primary trappers of fur-bearing animals (beaver being the most valuable) in the woodlands and waterways of the Northwest Territory. In exchange for these furs, French, British, and U.S. traders provided goods such as blankets, firearms and ammunition, cloth, metal tools, and brass kettles. For thousands of years, Dakota and Ojibwe people had used tools made from readily available materials. By the 1800s, however, trade goods were a part of daily life for many American Indian communities. By the 1830s the fur trade had declined dramatically due to changes in fashion, the 1 of 3 10/23/12 7:55 PM Traders | The U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 http://www.usdakotawar.org/history/newcomers/traders availability of less expensive materials for hat-making, and because available game in Dakota and Ojibwe hunting grounds had been reduced by competition with European immigrants. Many fur traders took the opportunity to become land speculators, and economics in the region changed forever. Since many Dakota and Ojibwe people had become increasingly dependent on the trade, it became a matter of survival to enter into exchanges of land for money, goods, and services; to maintain their welfare; and to pay off debts claimed by traders. Mixed blood (Indian and French) fur trader, about 1870 Theme: Shared History Topics: Fur Trade Sources Cited Resources for further Research Glossary Terms Anderson, Gary Clayton. Kinsmen of Another Kind: Dakota-White Relations in the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1650-1862. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press. Brown, Jennifer S. H. Strangers in Blood: Fur Trade Company Families in Indian Country. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1980. Gilman, Carolyn. Where Two Worlds Meet: The Great Lakes Fur Trade. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1982. Green, William D. A Peculiar Imbalance: The Rise and Fall of Racial Equality in Early Minnesota. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2007. 2 of 3 10/23/12 7:55 PM U.S. Government & Military | The U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 http://www.usdakotawar.org/history/newcomers/us-government-military U.S. Government & Military Indian Agencies Fort Snelling Federal Acts & Assimilation Policies That those tribes cannot exist surrounded by our settlements and in continual contact with our citizens is certain. Established in the midst of another and a superior race, and without appreciating the causes of their inferiority or seeking to control them, they must necessarily yield to the force of circumstances and ere long disappear. President Andrew Jackson, Fifth Annual Message to Congress, December 3, 1833 From, in part, www.historicfortsnelling.org From the late 1700s, when the United States won its independence from Great Britain, through the 1900s, U.S. Andrew Jackson, about 1860. Courtesy of leaders focused on westward expansion. A system was the Library of Congress. created to assimilate and/or remove Indian peoples from their homelands in order to aid U.S. expansion. In 1823, a U.S. Supreme Court ruling authored by Chief Justice John Marshall declared that, "based on the Doctrine of Discovery, the European states, and the United States as their successor, secured a superior legal title to Indian lands." The government created new federal offices, agencies, and posts to control trade and relationships between the United States and Indian nations, as well as those between Indian people and settlers. The government's policy of assimilation would drastically alter traditional Indian cultural identities. Many historians have argued that the U.S. government believed that if Indians did 1 of 3 10/23/12 7:55 PM U.S. Government & Military | The U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 http://www.usdakotawar.org/history/newcomers/us-government-military not adopt European-American culture they would become extinct as a people. This paternalistic attitude influenced interactions between Indian nations and the U.S. government throughout the first half of the 1800s, and its effects continue to be felt today. Theme: Shared History Topics: Military U.S. Government Sources Cited Resources for further Research Glossary Terms Anderson, Gary Clayton.
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