TREE ASSESSMENT REPORT Block 25 Section 31 O'malley
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NZDFI Wood Quality Research Plan
Section 2: NZDFI Wood Quality Research Plan 1 Background NZDFI aims to establish a new hardwood forest industry based on naturally durable eucalypts. NZDFI has identified sustainably-grown naturally durable posts and poles for the agricultural industry as key products as an alternative to CCA treated pine (Millen, 2009). For these products natural durability is essential. The timber of these eucalypt species also has a high Modulus of Elasticity (MoE). A second targeted product is high stiffness LVL. These products can be produced from short- rotation smaller diameter trees. As these timbers also have attractively coloured heartwood, high quality appearance grade solid timber products are also a possibility if trees are grown on a longer rotation to a larger size. To ensure a quality product the variability in these properties can be reduced by genetic selection. Furthermore the trees must be easy to process, which requires trees with low growth-stresses and a low level of drying defects. NZDFI’s wood quality research programme addresses these problems to facilitate a viable hardwood forest industry based on naturally durable eucalypts. Some research work is financed through SWP (MBIE) while other work is funded through SFF (MPI) and other sources. Wood quality is a key research theme alongside other essential areas such as tree health, tree growth, propagation and forest management. 2 Natural durability Wood is a bio-material and biodegradable. Biodegradability is a positive attribute when considering the disposal at the end of a product’s life. However, susceptibility of wood to decay by organisms can result in premature product failure. -
Honey and Pollen Flora Suitable for Planting in SE
Honey & pollen flora suitable for planting in south-eastern NSW Agnote DAI-115 Second edition, Revised April 2002 Doug Somerville District Livestock Officer (Apiculture) Goulburn Trees and shrubs are planted for a number of species that have a flowering time different from reasons — as windbreaks, for shade or shelter, and that of the crops. for aesthetic reasons. By carefully selecting the • Avoid selecting winter flowering species for the species you may also produce an environment Tablelands. The temperature is often too low for attractive to native birds and bees. bees to work these sources efficiently. If they It is doubtful whether enough flowering shrubs do, health problems in the bee colony may and trees can be planted on a farm or recreational result. activity area to be a major benefit to commercial • When planting near drains, sewers and beekeeping. But there is good reason to believe buildings, consider whether the plantings may they can benefit small static apiaries. A cause damage in the future. commercial stocking rate for beehives is about one • Select salt tolerant species in areas where this hive per 4–12 ha. This figure varies with the honey is, or may be, a problem. and pollen yielding capacity of the flora. • Windbreaks should be planted three to four Consider these points before selecting species plants wide. Consider an extra one or two rows on the basis of honey and pollen yielding capacity: chosen for honey and pollen production, and to • Multiple plantings of a range of species are increase the aesthetic appeal of the plantings. more desirable than two or three plants of many species. -
Eucalypt Discovery Walk
Eucalypt Discovery Walk This self-guided walk through the Botanic Gardens features 21 eucalypts, each of which has an interpretive sign. Additional information is provided here. A round trip, starting with #1 Eucalyptus cunninghamii in the North Car Park and returning past #21 Eucalyptus viminalis to the Visitor Information Centre, will take about an hour and covers a range of terrain (e.g. stairs, lawn, uneven surfaces). There are about 850 eucalypt species, almost all occurring naturally only in Australia. Indeed, eucalypts are a defining feature of the Australian landscape. They are an important component of Australian vegetation and provide a habitat for many native animals. Some species have a wide geographic distribution, others are extremely restricted in their natural habitat and may need conservation. There is great diversity of size, form, leaf and bark type among eucalypts. Eucalypts have many commercial uses. An important source of wood products in Australia, they are also the world’s most widely-planted hardwoods. Large areas are being grown in Brazil, South Africa, India, China and elsewhere mainly for pulp and paper production. Species featured in this walk have been selected to illustrate the diversity and many uses of eucalypts. Acknowledgements This walk has been supported by the Bjarne K. Dahl Trust (www.dahltrust.org.au) a philanthropic fund. Dahl was a Norwegian forester who developed a great affinity with the Australian Bush and left his entire estate to establish a fund which focuses solely on eucalypts. Funds have also been provided by the Public Fund of the Friends of the Australian National Botanic Gardens (www.friendsanbg.org.au). -
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ISSN 2537_ 0715 IJSRSD (2021): Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2021 International Journal of Scientific Received: April 2021, Accepted: June 2021 Research and Sustainable Development Essential Oils as Green Insecticides: GC/MS Analysis and Toxicological Studies on Cotton Mealybugs Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Saad, L.H.E.1; Negm, S.El.2; Saleh, A.A.2 and Abd El-Mageed, A.E.M.1 1 Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. 2 Pesticides Department, Faculty of Agriculture. Mansoura University, Egypt. ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of three essential oils extracted from Rosemary Salvia rosmarinus (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), Lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus ( Poales: Poaceae), and Camphor Eucalyptus melliodora (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) leaves compared to Diver® 97% E.C. under laboratory conditions on 3rd instar nymph of Cotton Mealybug (CMB) Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). The chemical composition of the extracted essential oils was clarified. Results showed that the most remarkable toxic essential oils to the 3rd instar nymph of P. solenopsis after three days of treatment were S. rosmarinus followed by C. citratus. The LC50 values were 3102.591 and 3323.293 ppm, respectively; while, the LC50 values after seven days for C. citratus followed by S. rosmarinus were 680.073 and 740.591 ppm, respectively. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used to analyze the essential oils and identify the most active ingredients. Results revealed that the most abundant constituents of E. melliodora were found to be (z)-tagetenone (20.56%) and p-cymene (16.62%). The S. rosmarinus essential oil mainly consisted of 1,8-cineol (18.37%), bornyl acetate (13.02%), and norbornan-2-one (12.53%), while the major constituent of C. -
List of Plants
Indigenous Plant Nursery Plant Species List The following plant list contains some of the local native plants that may be available from the Edendale Indigenous Plant Nursery. Availability can vary so please contact the nursery for specific and seasonal availability of plants. Contact details: [email protected] Phone (03) 9433 3703 30 Gastons Road, Eltham VIC 3091 Open 7 days per week, 9.30am to 4.30pm Trees Species Common Name Size (height x width) Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle 6 – 30m x 5 – 10m Acacia implexa Lightwood 5 – 15m x 4 – 7m Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle 3 – 10m x 2 – 5m Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle 8 – 25m x 6 – 10m Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood 5 – 30m x 4 – 15m Allocasuarina littoralis Black Sheoke 4 – 8m x 2 – 5m Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoke 4 – 11m x 3 – 6m Banksia marginata Silver Banksia 1 – 10m x 1 – 5m Callitris rhomboidea Oyster Bay Pine 9 – 15 m high Eucalyptus blakelyi Blakely’s Red Gum 15 – 24m x 10 – 15m Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum 15 – 50m x 15 – 35m Eucalyptus goniocalyx Long-leaved Box 8 – 20m x 6 – 15m Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum 10 – 20m x 6 – 20m Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark 10 – 35m x 10 – 20m Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box 10 – 30m x 8 – 25m Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum 8 – 30m x 8 – 20m Eucalyptus pauciflora Snow Gum 8 – 12m x 6 – 10m Eucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box 7 – 25m x 5 – 15m Eucalyptus radiata Narrow-leaved Peppermint 10 – 30m x 6 – 20m Eucalyptus rubida Candlebark Gum 10 – 25m x 10 – 20m Eucalyptus tricarpa Red Ironbark 10 – 30m x -
Heartwood Formation and the Chemical Basis of Natural Durability
Heartwood formation and the chemical basis of natural durability in Eucalyptus bosistoana A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Forestry By Gayatri Mishra School of Forestry University of Canterbury Senior supervisor: Dr. Clemens Altaner School of Forestry, University of Canterbury Co-Supervisor: Dr. Ashley Garrill Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury Associate Supervisor: Dr. David Collings School of Environmental & Life Sciences University of Newcastle Acknowledgements At the outset, I express my deep sense of gratitude and appreciation to my principal supervisor, Dr. Clemens M. Altaner, School of Forestry, University of Canterbury for providing me an opportunity to work in this project. Without his ceaseless supervision, support, motivation and robust knowledge base this task would not have been completed. His guidance has helped me immensely in my research and writing the thesis till its logical end. Besides, I feel extremely fortunate to work with my associate supervisor, Dr. David Collings and Co- supervisor, Dr. Ashley Garrill too. Microscopy being a major part of my research, I feel deeply indebted to Dr. David Collings for introducing me into the realms of advanced microscopic skills coupled with his constant guidance. Even after his leaving the University in the meanwhile, he was considerate enough to bridge the gap through his timely communications via emails or video conversations. His unique concepts and expertise generated my strong interest in microscopy. I also thank Dr. Ashley Garrill for providing me with necessary lab facilities to perform bioactivity tests with fungi. His expertise has been a great source of support to my bioactivity experiments. -
Lowland Grassy Woodland in the South East Corner Bioregion
Lowland Grassy Woodland in the South East Corner Bioregion Introduction These guidelines provide background information to assist landholders to identify remnants of Lowland Grassy Woodland in the South East Corner Bioregion (known here as Lowland Grassy Woodland). For more detailed information refer to the NSW Scientific Committee’s Final Determination at www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/tsprofile/profile.aspx?id=20070 What is an endangered ecological community? An ecological community is a unique and naturally occurring assemblage of plants and animals. The presence of an ecological community can be determined by factors such as soil type, position in the landscape, climate and water availability, all of which influence species composition. An endangered ecological community (EEC) is an ecological community listed under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 as being at risk of extinction unless threats affecting these areas are managed and reduced. What is Lowland Grassy Woodland? Lowland Grassy Woodland is an open forest or woodland often with a layer of scattered small trees, an open shrub layer and a mostly continuous grassy ground layer. Some examples may reach a height of 40 m, but many regrowth stands may only be 10 m tall. It is associated with rainshadow areas of the south coast and hinterland of New South Wales which receive less rainfall than the more elevated surrounding areas. It typically occurs in undulating terrain up to 500 m elevation on granitic substrates (e.g. adamellites, granites, granodiorites, gabbros, etc.) but may also occur on locally steep sites and on acid volcanic, alluvial and fine-grained sedimentary substrates. -
Grey Box (Eucalyptus Microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-Eastern Australia
Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-Eastern Australia: A guide to the identification, assessment and management of a nationally threatened ecological community Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Glossary the Glossary at the back of this publication. © Commonwealth of Australia 2012 This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercialised use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: Public Affairs - Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2610 Australia or email [email protected] Disclaimer The contents of this document have been compiled using a range of source materials and is valid as at June 2012. The Australian Government is not liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of or reliance on the contents of the document. CONTENTS WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE? 1 NATIONALLY THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES 2 What is a nationally threatened ecological community? 2 Why does the Australian Government list threatened ecological communities? 2 Why list the Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-Eastern Australia as -
Grassy White Box Woodlands
Department of Land & Water Conservation November 1998 No. 44 (Revised April 1999) ISSN 1324-6860 GRASSY WHITE BOX WOODLANDS Woodlands v. forests on infertile or rocky sites. In healthy woodlands of both types, juvenile trees will Woodlands can be distinguished from forests also be present. by tree spacing and tree shape. Forest trees have relatively small crowns, whereas those in In some cases such as the bimble box woodlands often have more than half their woodlands, woodlands that were once grassy height as crown and less than half as trunk (see are now shrubby. The reasons for this change Figure 1). Trees which commonly have a are not clear but depletion of the grassy woodland form are yellow box, white box, component by continuous grazing is blakelys red gum and grey box. implicated. The grassy woodlands were especially favoured by the early settlers as they provided good quality grazing without having to remove trees. Unfortunately, most of those high quality forage plants have long gone. Also, being on relatively fertile land and having low numbers of trees to clear, the grassy woodlands were easily converted into crop land. Much of NSW's wheatbelt occurs on land that once supported grassy woodlands. (a) (b) Though trees provide habitat for larger animals Figure 1. A tree with (a) woodland form and such as birds and possums, and moderate the (b) a forest form. climate at ground level, they are only part of the woodland - just one of the many species In forests, crowns of the trees touch or overlap, that occur there. -
Plant Exudates and Amber: Their Origin and Uses
Plant Exudates and Amber: Their Origin and Uses Jorge A. Santiago-Blay and Joseph B. Lambert lants produce and export many different some other plant pathology. In other instances, molecules out of their cellular and organ- such as in typical underground roots, exudate Pismal confines. Some of those chemicals production appears to be part of the typical become so abundant that we can see or smell metabolism of healthy plants that helps stabi- them. The most visible materials oozed by lize the soil and foster interactions with other many plants are called “exudates.” organisms around the roots. What are plant exudates? Generally, exudates Different plant tissue types and organs can are carbon-rich materials that many plants pro- produce exudates. We have collected resins and duce and release externally. When exudates are gums from the above ground portions of plants, produced, they are often sticky to human touch. or shoots, as well as from the generally below Such plant chemicals can be the visible expres- ground portion of plants, or roots. Root exuda- sion of attack by bacteria, fungi, herbivores, or tion has been known for decades and is respon- REPRODUCED WITH PERMISSION OF AMERICAN SCIENTIST Resinous exudates on a conifer. ALL PHOTOGRAPHS BY JORGE A. SANTIAGO-BLAY UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED UNLESS OTHERWISE ALL PHOTOGRAPHS BY JORGE A. SANTIAGO-BLAY Prolific white, resinous exudation is seen on a tumor- Blobs of white resin on a relatively young shoot of a like growth on the trunk of a white pine (Pinus strobus) Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii, AA accession at the Arnold Arboretum. -
EUCALYPT DISCOVERY WALK Burbidge MAIN PATH Aamphittheatre
EVOLUTION OF EUCALYPTS KEY FACTS ABOUT EUCALYPTS EUCALYPT FRUITS Eucalypts are thought to have evolved from rainforest Eucalypts are a defi ning feature of much of the There is great variation in eucalypt fruits (gum nuts). species in response to great changes in the landscape, Australian landscape and an essential part of Australian The fruit is usually a woody capsule and may soils and climate of the continent. As the environment culture. They dominate the tree fl ora of Australia and be small or very large, single or clustered. became drier, eucalypts adapted to live in challenging provide habitat and food for many native animals. conditions of variable rainfall, low nutrient soils and Of the over 850 eucalypt species known, Most Corymbia species have thick-walled woody high fi re risk existing over much of the continent. almost all are native only to Australia. They grow from the arid inland to temperate woodlands, fruit that are more or Some species have a wide geographic distribution; wet coastal forests and sub-alpine areas. less urn-shaped others are extremely restricted in their natural ADAPTED TO FIRE habitat and need conservation. Dormant epicormic buds hidden beneath the often NOT ALL EUCALYPTS ARE EUCALYPTUS Typical Eucalyptus fruit EUCALYPT thick insulating bark of most eucalypts are ready The term ‘eucalypt’ refers to three closely-related genera to sprout new stems and leaves after fi re. All but a of the Myrtaceae family – Eucalyptus with 758 species, DISCOVERY WALK few eucalypts have a special structure at the base of Corymbia with 93 species and Angophora with the trunk known as a lignotuber which also contains 10 species. -
The New Genus Auritella from Africa and Australia (Inocybaceae, Agaricales): Molecular Systematics, Taxonomy and Historical Biogeography
Mycol Progress (2006) 5: 2–17 DOI 10.1007/s11557-005-0001-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE P. Brandon Matheny . Neale L. Bougher The new genus Auritella from Africa and Australia (Inocybaceae, Agaricales): molecular systematics, taxonomy and historical biogeography Received: 10 January 2005 / Revised: 21 September 2005 / Accepted: 11 October 2005 / Published online: 14 February 2006 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract Recent phylogenetic evidence strongly supports a Introduction monophyletic group of Afro-Australian mushroom species with phenotypic affinities to the genus Inocybe (Agaricales, Progress towards generating a phylogenetic-based classi- Basidiomycota). In this study, this clade is proposed as the fication of Inocybe and allies in the Agaricales or euagarics new genus Auritella. Seven species are fully documented clade has been accelerated recently by several molecular with taxonomic descriptions and illustrations, four of which systematic studies of the group (Kropp and Matheny 2004; are described as new, including one sequestrate or truffle-like Matheny et al. 2002; Matheny 2005; Matheny and species. A key to genera and major clades of the Inocybaceae Ammirati 2003; Matheny and Watling 2004). In particular, and a key to species of Auritella are provided. A maximum Matheny (2005) demonstrated the monophyly of five likelihood tree using rpb2 and nLSU-rDNA nucleotide major lineages within Inocybe and provided strong sequences depicts the phylogenetic relationships of five of evidence for a sister relationship between the Inocybaceae, the seven species of the genus, of which the Australian taxa a monophyletic family of ectomycorrhizal species, and the form a monophyletic group. An ancient split between Crepidotaceae, a family of saprophytic species.