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Grey Box (Eucalyptus Microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-Eastern Australia

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Grey Box (Eucalyptus Microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-Eastern Australia Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-Eastern Australia: A guide to the identification, assessment and management of a nationally threatened ecological community Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Glossary the Glossary at the back of this publication. © Commonwealth of Australia 2012 This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercialised use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: Public Affairs - Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2610 Australia or email [email protected] Disclaimer The contents of this document have been compiled using a range of source materials and is valid as at June 2012. The Australian Government is not liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of or reliance on the contents of the document. CONTENTS WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE? 1 NATIONALLY THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES 2 What is a nationally threatened ecological community? 2 Why does the Australian Government list threatened ecological communities? 2 Why list the Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-Eastern Australia as endangered? 4 GREY BOX (Eucalyptus microcarpa) GRASSY WOODLANDS AND DERIVED NATIVE GRASSLANDS OF SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA 6 What are native grasslands and grassy woodlands? 6 What are the Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-eastern Australia? 6 Grassy woodland 7 Derived native grassland 8 WHERE IS THIS ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY FOUND? 12 Examples of key remnants of the listed ecological community 14 How do I know if I am standing on a patch of the listed ecological community? 16 Condition thresholds 16 Other considerations to help with assessment 17 Variability in species composition 17 Derived native grasslands 17 Natural regeneration and restoration works 17 Surrounding environmental and landscape context 19 How do I distinguish Grey Box Grassy Woodlands from another vegetation community or listed ecological community? 19 Contra-indicative dominant species for the Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-Eastern Australia 20 KEY SPECIES 25 Key plants and animals 25 Species of special importance 33 i IS THE LISTED COMMUNITY KNOWN BY OTHER NAMES? 38 NVIS 38 New South Wales 38 Victoria 40 South Australia 41 Similar ecological communities 42 Other adjacent ecological communities 43 Exclusions from the national ecological community 43 INDIGENOUS heritage 44 WHAT DOES THE LISTING MEAN FOR APPROVAL AUTHORITIES OR LAND MANAGERS? 45 What does the EPBC Act listing of the ecological community mean for farmers, land managers or developers? 45 Which activities might require consideration? 45 KEY threats AND SUGGESTED conservation ACTIONS 47 Vegetation clearance and fragmentation 47 Inappropriate management actions 48 Weeds and pest animal species 51 Climate change 56 Is funding available to protect the listed grassy woodland and derived native grassland community? 56 National funds 57 State funds 57 WHERE CAN I GO FOR MORE INFORMATION? 58 The listing advice and conservation advice for the Grey Box Grassy Woodlands 58 Information about other matters of national environmental significance 58 Other useful resources 58 State-listed threatened ecological communities 58 Other guides with information that may help to identify and manage the ecological community include: 59 Other useful websites 60 Additional copies of this document 60 GLOSSARY 61 IMAGE CREDITS 64 ii | Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-Eastern Australia WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE? This booklet is designed to assist land managers, owners and occupiers as well as environmental assessment officers, consultants and the general public to identify, assess and manage the Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-Eastern Australia. This is a threatened ecological community* listed under Australia’s national environment law — the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The document accompanies the listing and trigger national environment law by having a conservation advice, which presents the significant impact on the ecological definitive and detailed description of this community. This needs to be considered on a threatened ecological community. The listing case and site specific basis. However, a advice is a technical document that explains patch of the ecological community must meet what an ecological community is, where it is a number of minimum condition thresholds in known to occur, why it merits listing as order to be considered for national law nationally threatened and which conservation protection as outlined on page 24. Additional status applies to the ecological community. environment assessment considerations are The conservation advice identifies priority also covered on page 17. management and conservation actions. General guidance on significant impacts is These documents can be found in the found separately at: Australian Government’s species profile and www.environment.gov.au/epbc/publications/ threats database (SPRAT) at: nes-guidelines.html www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/ For what this listing means for approval publiclookupcommunities.pl authorities or land managers, please see At this website, click on the details link to page 45. download the documents and map for the ecological community. This document does not provide specific advice on whether particular actions will 1 NATIONALLY THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES What is a nationally categories that represent their decline and threatened ecological potential for extinction across their national extent. Extinction in this context generally community? means that its species composition and An ecological community may also be called ecological functions are significantly and a nature community or wildlife community. It irreversibly altered such that it is no longer is a naturally occurring group of plants, natural. animals and other organisms that are living The decision to list an ecological community together and interacting in a unique habitat. as nationally threatened is made by the federal Its structure, composition and distribution are environment minister. It follows a rigorous and determined by environmental factors such as transparent process of consultation with soil type, position in the landscape, climate stakeholders and the public, workshops and and water availability. Species within each discussions with scientific experts, culminating wildlife community interact and depend on in advice from the Threatened Species each other—for example, for food or shelter. Types of ecological communities listed under Scientific Committee. The committee is an national environmental law include independent scientific body that advises the grasslands, woodlands, shrublands, forests, minister on the threat status of native species wetlands, ground springs and cave and ecological communities. communities. Together with threatened species, threatened Why does the Australian ecological communities listed under the Government list threatened EPBC Act* are protected as one of several ecological communities? matters of national environmental significance. Threatened ecological The Australian Government is responsible for communities can be listed as vulnerable*, identifying and protecting matters of national endangered* or critically endangered*, environmental significance. These include 2 | Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-Eastern Australia world heritage properties, national heritage wildlife corridors and habitat refuges for many places, Ramsar wetlands (internationally plant and animal species, including important wetlands), listed migratory species, threatened species and other Australian Commonwealth marine areas, the Great plants and animals that are in decline. Barrier Reef Marine Park, nuclear actions Threatened ecological communities can also and nationally-listed threatened species and provide a focus for tourism and recreation, ecological communities. All of these matters have cultural significance, and contribute to of national environmental significance are the productivity of our farmlands. Benefits of subject to Australia’s national environment protecting ecological communities can law, the EPBC Act. include maintaining healthy soils and supporting soil-borne microbes that release The listing of a threatened ecological nutrients for plant uptake, managing water community under national environment law tables and run-off and facilitating pollination recognises that its long-term survival is under rates for native and agricultural plants. threat. The aim of listing is to prevent further Woodlands*, for example, also provide decline and to promote and assist recovery shelter and wind breaks, and ecological through government, landholder and communities with grassy ground layers community efforts. confer a degree of resilience and adaptability Many of Australia’s ecological
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