DOCSLIB.ORG

Identifying Climate Refugia for Key Species in New South Wales - Final Report from the Bionode of the NSW Adaptation Hub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Identifying Climate Refugia for Key Species in New South Wales - Final Report from the Bionode of the NSW Adaptation Hub Identifying Climate Refugia for Key Species in New South Wales - Final Report from the BioNode of the NSW Adaptation Hub Linda J. Beaumont, John B. Baumgartner, Manuel Esperón-Rodríguez, David Nipperess 1 | P a g e Report prepared for the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage as part of a project funded by the NSW Adaptation Research Hub–Biodiversity Node. While every effort has been made to ensure all information within this document has been developed using rigorous scientific practice, readers should obtain independent advice before making any decision based on this information. Cite this publication as: Beaumont, L. J., Baumgartner, J. B., Esperón-Rodríguez, M, & Nipperess, D. (2019). Identifying climate refugia for key species in New South Wales - Final report from the BioNode of the NSW Adaptation Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. For further correspondence contact: [email protected] 2 | P a g e Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 5 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Glossary ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 8 Highlights for Managers ........................................................................................................................ 10 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 11 1.1 Species-specific refugia ............................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Choice of future climate scenarios for impacts assessments ............................................... 15 1.3 Objectives of this study ......................................................................................................... 16 2. Target Species ............................................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Identification of ‘representative’ plant species .......................................................................... 17 2.2 Threatened species ............................................................................................................... 17 2.3 Occurrence records ............................................................................................................... 18 3. Methods ........................................................................................................................................ 19 3.1 Derivation of climate data .......................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Environmental variables for HSMs ........................................................................................ 25 3.3 Habitat Suitability Model ...................................................................................................... 26 3.4 Current Habitat Suitability .................................................................................................... 28 3.5 Identifying climate refugia for species .................................................................................. 29 3.5.1 Representative Species ........................................................................................................ 30 3.5.2 Threatened Species .............................................................................................................. 30 3.6 Analyses ................................................................................................................................ 31 4. Results ........................................................................................................................................... 31 4.1 Projected changes in suitable habitat for representative species .............................................. 31 4.2 Current and future suitable habitat for threatened species ................................................ 48 5 Discussion ........................................................................................................................................... 64 5.1 Refugia for representative species ............................................................................................. 64 5.2 Refugia for threatened species ................................................................................................... 68 5.2.1 What are the limitations or caveats of this study? .............................................................. 71 5.2.2 Additional factors impacting species’ vulnerability to climate change ............................... 72 5.3 Future research directions .......................................................................................................... 74 5.4 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 75 6 References ......................................................................................................................................... 77 7 Appendix ........................................................................................................................................ 82 3 | P a g e 4 | P a g e Acknowledgements This project was funded by the New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) via a grant administered by the NSW Adaptation Research Hub: Biodiversity Node. We thank the following people at NSW OEH who provided guidance on species selection and/or analyses: Polly Mitchell, Dr David Keith, Dr James Brazill-Boast, Dr Michael Drielsma, Dr Tony Auld, and Corinna Orscheg, Dr Ian Macadam, and Prof Jason Evans provided vital advice about NARCliM, while Leigh Staas and Victoria Graham supported this project administratively. We also thank Stuart Allen for his expertise with establishing the website that accompanies this report (www.nswclimaterefugia.net) and Mareshell Wauchope-Drumm for assistance with developing this report. 5 | P a g e Abbreviations AUC—Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve ALA—Atlas of Living Australia AVH—Australasian Virtual Herbarium BCC—Bioclimatic Class DXS—Deserts and Xeric Shrublands GCM—Global Climate Model GER—Great Eastern Ranges HRR—High Richness Refugia HSM—Habitat Suitability Model MFWS—Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands and Scrub MGS—Montane Grasslands and Shrublands NARCliM—NSW/ACT Regional Climate Modelling NSW—New South Wales OEH Atlas—Office of Environment and Heritage BioNet Atlas RCM—Regional Climate Model SD—Standard deviation TBMF—Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests TGSS—Temperate Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands TrGSS—Tropical/Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands 6 | P a g e Glossary Areas with translocation potential: These are grid cells that are projected to have suitable climate now and in the future, but for which there are no high quality occurrences for the target species. Such sites may be explored further to determine their capacity to support species’ persistence. External refugia: Grid cells that are currently unsuitable but are projected to become suitable in the future. High quality occurrence records: Records of species’ occurrences that remain after undergoing data cleaning. These records were used to fit habitat suitability models. IBRA subregions: Subregions make up IBRA (Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia) Bioregions and contain areas that have similar geology, vegetation and other biophysical attributes, and form the basis for determining the major regional ecosystems (http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/bioregions/BioregionsExplained.htm). Internal refugia: Grid cells classified as suitable for the target species in the current time period, which remain suitable over consecutive future time periods and are located within an IBRA subregion that has one or more high quality occurrence records. Multi-species refugia: Areas that serve as internal refugia for multiple species. Occurrence records: Records of species’ occurrences derived from sources such as the Atlas of Living Australia, NSW OEH BioNet Atlas, and the Victorian Biodiversity Atlas. Refugia: Grid cells classified as retaining suitable climate across consecutive time periods. Regions of consensus: Grid cells classified as refugia under all of the climate scenarios. 7 | P a g e Executive summary Rapid climate change poses a significant threat to biodiversity at all levels of biological organisation. Detrimental effects have already been observed, including shifts in species’ ranges, altered timing of key seasonal events leading to phenological mismatches between interacting species, and extinction of populations and species. As was the case during historical periods of climate change, climate refugia — areas retaining suitable habitat despite regional climate change — are likely to be critical in preventing considerable loss of biodiversity. For some species, regions where populations are currently located may continue to be climatically suitable into the future, and such regions are termed ‘internal refugia’. Identifying internal
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cunninghamia : a Journal of Plant Ecology for Eastern Australia
    27 Flora conservation issues at Kinchega National Park, western NSW Tony D. Auld and Andrew J. Denham Auld, Tony D., and Denham, Andrew J. (Biodiversity Research and Management Division, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, PO Box 1967 Hurstville NSW 2220 email: [email protected]) 2001. Flora conservation issues at Kinchega National Park, western NSW. Cunninghamia 7(1): 27–41. Kinchega National Park reserves significant stands of Eucalyptus largiflorens open woodland on the Darling River floodplain, low open Maireana pyramidata shrubland and Casuarina pauper/Alectryon oleifolius open woodland on dune systems. We identify four key issues for the conservation of flora in Kinchega National Park, western NSW. These are: 1) There is an urgent need to initiate regeneration in a number of long-lived perennial trees and shrubs. Failure to do so will lead to local population declines and extinction in a number of species. Reduction in grazing impacts of rabbits and goats is needed. Some degree of rabbit control has been achieved over the last few years through a combination of the effects of the rabbit calicivirus disease (RCD) and an extensive rabbit control program for the reserve. 2) The need to initiate a water plan of management for the reserve to overcome the problem of changes in water flows, flood periodicity and flood magnitude that have occurred in response to water regulation activities on the Darling River. 3) Management of several threatened species and ecological communities on the reserve, in particular the nationally vulnerable species Acacia carneorum and Solanum karsense. Kinchega NP is the only conservation reserve containing populations of these species and these populations are significant for both species.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Jobs, Protecting Forests?
    Creating Jobs, Protecting Forests? An Analysis of the State of the Nation’s Regional Forest Agreements Creating Jobs, Protecting Forests? An Analysis of the State of the Nation’s Regional Forest Agreements The Wilderness Society. 2020, Creating Jobs, Protecting Forests? The State of the Nation’s RFAs, The Wilderness Society, Melbourne, Australia Table of contents 4 Executive summary Printed on 100% recycled post-consumer waste paper 5 Key findings 6 Recommendations Copyright The Wilderness Society Ltd 7 List of abbreviations All material presented in this publication is protected by copyright. 8 Introduction First published September 2020. 9 1. Background and legal status 12 2. Success of the RFAs in achieving key outcomes Contact: [email protected] | 1800 030 641 | www.wilderness.org.au 12 2.1 Comprehensive, Adequate, Representative Reserve system 13 2.1.1 Design of the CAR Reserve System Cover image: Yarra Ranges, Victoria | mitchgreenphotos.com 14 2.1.2 Implementation of the CAR Reserve System 15 2.1.3 Management of the CAR Reserve System 16 2.2 Ecologically Sustainable Forest Management 16 2.2.1 Maintaining biodiversity 20 2.2.2 Contributing factors to biodiversity decline 21 2.3 Security for industry 22 2.3.1 Volume of logs harvested 25 2.3.2 Employment 25 2.3.3 Growth in the plantation sector of Australia’s wood products industry 27 2.3.4 Factors contributing to industry decline 28 2.4 Regard to relevant research and projects 28 2.5 Reviews 32 3. Ability of the RFAs to meet intended outcomes into the future 32 3.1 Climate change 32 3.1.1 The role of forests in climate change mitigation 32 3.1.2 Climate change impacts on conservation and native forestry 33 3.2 Biodiversity loss/resource decline 33 3.2.1 Altered fire regimes 34 3.2.2 Disease 35 3.2.3 Pest species 35 3.3 Competing forest uses and values 35 3.3.1 Water 35 3.3.2 Carbon credits 36 3.4 Changing industries, markets and societies 36 3.5 International and national agreements 37 3.6 Legal concerns 37 3.7 Findings 38 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Name. Acacia
    Botanical name Acacia colletioides Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 336 (1842) The botanical name is derived from Colletia (a genus in the family Rhamnaceae) and the Greek suffix -oides (like). Some species referred to Colletia have a resemblance to the spiny, rigid foliage of this Acacia. Common names Wait-a-while, Pin-bush, Spine Bush. Characteristic features Large, prickly, much-branched shrubs. Phyllodes +/- terete, sessile, rigid, straight to shallowly curved, widely spreading, finely 8-nerved (with a distinct inter-nerve space between each nerve), narrowed to needle-like points. Heads sub-globular on short peduncles. Pods strongly curved to openly coiled or twisted. Seeds black and 2/3 sheathed by a conspicuous, orange or yellow aril. Description Habit. Harsh, rigid, prickly, much-branched, dense, rounded, usually multi-stemmed shrubs (0.5)1-3 m tall and about the same across, maturing to single-stemmed small trees 3-4 m tall with a dense canopy occupying 50% of the total plant height, in open sites (e.g. roadverges) it grows as a domed plant with the canopy extending to ground level, in dense vegetation it can grow as a small, erect plant with spindly stems and non-spreading crowns (however, these forms are not common in the Kalannie region). Branchlets. Glabrous or sparsely hairy, scarred where phyllodes have fallen. Phyllodes. More or less terete, sessile, inserted on distinct, yellow stem projections, 1.5-3(-4) cm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, rigid, widely spreading, straight to shallowly curved, green, glabrous; longitudinal nerves 8, widely spaced and distinct; apices narrowed to rigid, needle-like points.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining the Acacia Boormanii Complex (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae); Recognition of a New Subspecies
    Muelleria 37: 23–32 Published online in advance of the print edition, 28 June 2018 Examining the Acacia boormanii complex (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae); recognition of a new subspecies Kelsey J. Tucker1, Daniel J. Murphy2, Neville Walsh2,3 1 Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, 1–7 Taylor St, Epsom, Victoria 3551 2 Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004 3 Corresponding author: [email protected] Introduction Abstract The iconic genus Acacia Mill. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) is the largest A morphometric analysis of specimens angiosperm genus in Australia, consisting of over 1000 species (Miller determined as Acacia boormanii Maiden and A. infecunda Molyneux et al. 2011, Maslin 2015). Acacia boormanii Maiden (syn. A. hunteriana & Forrester supported a distinctive N.A.Wakef.) was described as a species of scattered and restricted population centred on Mt Typo occurrence in south-eastern Australia (Maiden 1916). As currently in north-eastern Victoria, which understood, its natural range extends from south of Thredbo Village, is described here as A. boormanii New South Wales (NSW), to near Buchan, Victoria, mostly south of the subsp. gibba K.J.Tucker subsp. nov. The characters that best separate Great Dividing Range, with isolated occurrences near Cooma, NSW, the new subspecies are the phyllode and Myrtleford, Victoria (Maslin 2001). It is common in cultivation and width, the indentation of the phyllode has become naturalised in a few areas outside its natural range (e.g. margins at the gland, and the shape http://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=acacia+boormanii#tab_ of the phyllode apex. Neither Acacia mapView).
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents Below) with Family Name Provided
    1 Australian Plants Society Plant Table Profiles – Sutherland Group (updated August 2021) Below is a progressive list of all cultivated plants from members’ gardens and Joseph Banks Native Plants Reserve that have made an appearance on the Plant Table at Sutherland Group meetings. Links to websites are provided for the plants so that further research can be done. Plants are grouped in the categories of: Trees and large shrubs (woody plants generally taller than 4 m) Medium to small shrubs (woody plants from 0.1 to 4 m) Ground covers or ground-dwelling (Grasses, orchids, herbaceous and soft-wooded plants, ferns etc), as well as epiphytes (eg: Platycerium) Vines and scramblers Plants are in alphabetical order by botanic names within plants categories (see table of contents below) with family name provided. Common names are included where there is a known common name for the plant: Table of Contents Trees and Large shrubs........................................................................................................................... 2 Medium to small shrubs ...................................................................................................................... 23 Groundcovers and other ground‐dwelling plants as well as epiphytes. ............................................ 64 Vines and Scramblers ........................................................................................................................... 86 Sutherland Group http://sutherland.austplants.com.au 2 Trees and Large shrubs Acacia decurrens
    [Show full text]
  • Acacia Carneorum Maiden
    WATTLE Acacias of Australia Acacia carneorum Maiden Source: W orldW ideW attle ver. 2. Source: Australian Plant Image Index Published at: w w w .w orldw idew attle.com Source: Australian Plant Image Index (dig.36833). (dig.32112). J. & M. Simmons ANBG © M. Fagg, 1986 ANBG © M. Fagg, 2013 Source: W orldW ideW attle ver. 2. Published at: w w w .w orldw idew attle.com J. & M. Simmons Source: Australian Plant Image Index (dig.3585). Source: Australian Plant Image Index (dig.3586). Source: Australian Plant Image Index ANBG © M. Fagg, 2007 ANBG © M. Fagg, 2007 (dig.32113). ANBG © M. Fagg, 2013 Source: Australian Plant Image Index (a.30983). ANBG © M. Fagg, 1986 Source: Australian Plant Image Index (a.30984). Source: W orldW ideW attle ver. 2. Source: W orldW ideW attle ver. 2. ANBG © M. Fagg, 2003 Published at: w w w .w orldw idew attle.com Published at: w w w .w orldw idew attle.com Acacia carneorum occurrence map. O ccurrence map generated via Atlas of Living Australia (https://w w w .ala.org.au). Common Name Needle Wattle, Dead Finish, Purple-wood Wattle Family Fabaceae Distribution Scattered from SW of Lake Frome and near Peterborough, S.A., to near Tibooburra and Menindee Lakes, N.S.W. Description Straggly spreading gregarious shrub or tree to 5 m high; habit similar to some Hakea spp. (e.g. H. leucoptera). Branchlet apices densely tomentulose-puberulous. Phyllodes sessile, patent to inclined, quadrangular in section with a yellow or light brown nerve at apex of each angle, (2–) 3–9 cm long, 1–2 (–2.5) mm wide, pungent, thick, rigid; indumentum appressed-puberulous, becoming sparse or absent with age.
    [Show full text]
  • Approved Conservation Advice for Acacia Curranii (Curly-Bark Wattle)
    This Conservation Advice was approved by the Minister / Delegate of the Minister on: 1/10/2008 Approved Conservation Advice (s266B of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) Approved Conservation Advice for Acacia curranii (Curly-bark Wattle) This Conservation Advice has been developed based on the best available information at the time this Conservation Advice was approved; this includes existing plans, records or management prescriptions for this species. Description Acacia curranii, Family Mimosaceae, also known as Curly-bark Wattle, is an erect or spreading multi-stemmed shrub growing to 4 m tall, with distinctive red curling (minniritchi) bark. Branches are angular, maroon-grey with silky, downy hairs. The leaf-like phyllodes are erect, linear, depressed along the midrib, 13–18 cm long, 1–1.5 mm wide and covered by silky silver hairs. Flowers are golden yellow in colour and arranged in spikes 5–7 mm long on a stalk 1.5 mm long. Pods are flat, up to 6 cm long by 3 mm wide and with coarse long hairs. Seeds are oblong, about 3 mm long, greyish-brown with a pale area and a basal seed stalk (aril). Flowering time is August and September (Pedley, 1978; Tindale & Kodela, 2001; DECC, 2005a). Conservation Status Acacia curranii is listed as vulnerable. This species is eligible for listing as vulnerable under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwlth) (EPBC Act) as, prior to the commencement of the EPBC Act, it was listed as vulnerable under Schedule 1 of the Endangered Species Protection Act 1992 (Cwlth). Acacia curranii is also listed as vulnerable under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW) and vulnerable under the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 (Queensland).
    [Show full text]
  • Two Centuries of Botanical Exploration Along the Botanists Way, Northern Blue Mountains, N.S.W: a Regional Botanical History That Refl Ects National Trends
    Two Centuries of Botanical Exploration along the Botanists Way, Northern Blue Mountains, N.S.W: a Regional Botanical History that Refl ects National Trends DOUG BENSON Honorary Research Associate, National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney NSW 2000, AUSTRALIA. [email protected] Published on 10 April 2019 at https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/LIN/index Benson, D. (2019). Two centuries of botanical exploration along the Botanists Way, northern Blue Mountains,N.S.W: a regional botanical history that refl ects national trends. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 141, 1-24. The Botanists Way is a promotional concept developed by the Blue Mountains Botanic Garden at Mt Tomah for interpretation displays associated with the adjacent Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area (GBMWHA). It is based on 19th century botanical exploration of areas between Kurrajong and Bell, northwest of Sydney, generally associated with Bells Line of Road, and focussed particularly on the botanists George Caley and Allan Cunningham and their connections with Mt Tomah. Based on a broader assessment of the area’s botanical history, the concept is here expanded to cover the route from Richmond to Lithgow (about 80 km) including both Bells Line of Road and Chifl ey Road, and extending north to the Newnes Plateau. The historical attraction of botanists and collectors to the area is explored chronologically from 1804 up to the present, and themes suitable for visitor education are recognised. Though the Botanists Way is focused on a relatively limited geographic area, the general sequence of scientifi c activities described - initial exploratory collecting; 19th century Gentlemen Naturalists (and lady illustrators); learned societies and publications; 20th century publicly-supported research institutions and the beginnings of ecology, and since the 1960s, professional conservation research and management - were also happening nationally elsewhere.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare Or Threatened Vascular Plant Species of Wollemi National Park, Central Eastern New South Wales
    Rare or threatened vascular plant species of Wollemi National Park, central eastern New South Wales. Stephen A.J. Bell Eastcoast Flora Survey PO Box 216 Kotara Fair, NSW 2289, AUSTRALIA Abstract: Wollemi National Park (c. 32o 20’– 33o 30’S, 150o– 151oE), approximately 100 km north-west of Sydney, conserves over 500 000 ha of the Triassic sandstone environments of the Central Coast and Tablelands of New South Wales, and occupies approximately 25% of the Sydney Basin biogeographical region. 94 taxa of conservation signiicance have been recorded and Wollemi is recognised as an important reservoir of rare and uncommon plant taxa, conserving more than 20% of all listed threatened species for the Central Coast, Central Tablelands and Central Western Slopes botanical divisions. For a land area occupying only 0.05% of these divisions, Wollemi is of paramount importance in regional conservation. Surveys within Wollemi National Park over the last decade have recorded several new populations of signiicant vascular plant species, including some sizeable range extensions. This paper summarises the current status of all rare or threatened taxa, describes habitat and associated species for many of these and proposes IUCN (2001) codes for all, as well as suggesting revisions to current conservation risk codes for some species. For Wollemi National Park 37 species are currently listed as Endangered (15 species) or Vulnerable (22 species) under the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. An additional 50 species are currently listed as nationally rare under the Briggs and Leigh (1996) classiication, or have been suggested as such by various workers. Seven species are awaiting further taxonomic investigation, including Eucalyptus sp.
    [Show full text]
  • NSW Threatened Species Scientific Committee: Minor Amendments February 2021
    NSW Threatened Species Scientific Committee Final Determination Minor amendments to the lists of threatened species and ecological communities in the Schedules of the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 The Threatened Species Scientific Committee, established under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (the Act), has made a final determination to amend the list of species and ecological communities in Schedules 1, 2 and 3 of the Act referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) below. Minor amendments to the Schedules are provided for by section 4.19 of Part 4 of the Act. a) The Threatened Species Scientific Committee is of the opinion that the following amendments are necessary or desirable to reflect a change in the name of a listed species or a reclassification of a listed species into further species as a result of taxonomic revision: The references cited contain the reasons for these amendments in the Schedules. Schedule 1 Threatened species Part 1 Critically endangered species Division 1 Animals Vertebrates Birds Charadriidae Omit * Thinornis rubricollis (Gmelin, 1789) Hooded Plover Insert * Thinornis cucullatus cucullatus (Vieillot, 1818) Eastern Hooded Dotterel, Eastern Hooded Plover Reference ABRS 2009. Australian Faunal Directory. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. M Lockett Australian Biological Resources Study in litt. 14/7/2020 Division 2 Plants Omit Prasophyllum sp. Majors Creek (Jones 11084) Insert Prasophyllum sandrae D.L.Jones Reference Jones D.L. (2019) Two new species of Prasophyllum R.Br. in the P. patens R.Br./P.odoratum R.S.Rogers complex from south-eastern NSW South Wales and Australian Capital Territory. Australian Orchid Review 84(2):37-39 Established under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 Locked Bag 5022 Parramatta NSW 2124 (02) 9585 6940 [email protected] NSW Threatened Species Scientific Committee Schedule 1 Threatened species Part 2 Endangered species Division 3 Plants Fabaceae Omit *Acacia terminalis (Salisb.) J.F.
    [Show full text]
  • TREES Botanical Common Acacia Aneura Mulga Acacia Berlandieri
    TREES Botanical Common Acacia aneura Mulga Acacia berlandieri Guajillo Acacia craspedocarpa Leatherleaf Acacia Acacia farnesiana Sweet Acacia Acacia rigidula Blackbrush Acacia Acacia salicina Willow Acacia Acacia saligna Blue Leaf Wattle Acacia stenophylla Shoestring Acacia Acacia willardiana Palo Blanco Albizia julibrissin Silk tree, Mimosa Tree Arecastrum romanzoffianum Queen Palm Bauhinia blakeana Hong Kong Orchid Tree Bauhinia lunarioides White Orchid Tree Bauhinia Purpurea Purple Orchid Tree Bauhinia variegata Purple Orchid Tree Brachychiton populneus Bottle Tree Brahea armata Mexican Blue Palm Brahea edulis Guadalupe Island Palm Butia Capitata Pindo Palm Caesalpinia cacalaco Cascalote Callistemon viminalis Bottle Brush Tree Ceratonia siliqua Carob Tree Chamaerops humilis Mediterranean Fan Palm Chilopsis linearis Desert Willow Chitalpa X tashkentenis Chitalpa Chorisia speciosa Silk floss Tree, Kapok Cupressus arizonica Arizona Cypress Cupressus Sempervirens Italian Cypress Dalbergia sissoo Indian Rosewood Dalea spinosa Desert Smoke Tree Eriobotrya japonica Loquat, Japanese Plum Eucalyptus cinerea Silver-Dollar Tree Eucalyptus krusaena Kruses Eucalyptus Eucalyptus microtheca Coolibah Tree Eucalyptus papuana Ghost Gum Eucalyptus spathulata Swamp Mallee Eysenhardtia orthocarpa Kidneywood Fraxinus uhdei Evergreen Ash Geijera parviflora Australian Willow Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda Koelreuteria bipinnata Chinese Flame Tree Lagerstroemia indica Crape Myrtle Lysiloma watsonii var. thornberi Feather Tree Melaleuca quinquenervia Cajeput
    [Show full text]
  • The Uses of Molecular Dating Analyses in Evolutionary Studies, with Examples from the Angiosperms
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2006 The uses of molecular dating analyses in evolutionary studies, with examples from the angiosperms Rutschmann, Frank Kaspar Abstract: Die sechs Kapitel der vorliegenden Dissertation befassen sich alle mit verschiedenen Aspekten von molekularen Datierungsmethoden, englisch molecular dating methods genannt. Dabei reicht die Spannweite der behandelten Themen von experimentellen Untersuchungen der Methoden selbst bis hin zur praktischen Anwendung der molekularen Altersbestimmung für die Aufklärung von biologischen und evolutionsgeschichtlichen Fragen bei verschiedenen Gruppen von Blütenpflanzen (Angiospermen). The six chapters that compose this dissertation are all related to various aspects of molecular dating, ranging from more methodological and experimental work to the application of different methods in the context of biological and evolutionary questions and hypotheses related to different groups of flowering plants (Angiosperms). Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-163459 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Rutschmann, Frank Kaspar. The uses of molecular dating analyses in evolutionary studies, with examples from the angiosperms. 2006, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. The Uses of Molecular Dating Analyses in Evolutionary Studies, with Examples from the Angiosperms Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr. sc. nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultt der niversitt Zürich von Frank Kaspar Rutschmann von Zürich ZH Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. Elena Conti ()orsitz) Prof. Dr. Peter Linder Dr. Torsten Eriksson Zürich 200. Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to express my gratitude towards my supervisor, Elena Conti.
    [Show full text]