The Antiquaries Journal, , ,pp– © The Society of Antiquariesof London, 2020 This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/./), which permits unrestricted re-use,distribution, andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. doi:./S. First published online June A NEW JERUSALEM ‘AT THE ENDS OF THE EARTH’: INTERPRETING CHARLES THOMAS’S EXCAVATIONS AT IONA ABBEY – Ewan Campbell and Adrián Maldonado Ewan Campbell, School of Humanities, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. Email:
[email protected] Adrián Maldonado, National Museum of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK. Email:
[email protected] Iona was a major European intellectual and artistic centre during the seventh to ninth centuries, with outstanding illustrated manuscripts, sculpture and religious writings produced there, despite its apparently peripheral location ‘at the ends of the earth’. Recent theological discourse has emphas- ised the leading role of Iona, and particularly its ninth abbot, Adomnán, in developing the meta- phor of the earthly monastery as a mirror of heavenly Jerusalem, allowing us to suggest a new appreciation of the innovative monastic layout at Iona and its influence on other monasteries in northern Britain. The authors contend that the unique paved roadway and the schematic layout of the early church, shrine chapel and free-standing crosses were intended to evoke Jerusalem, and that the journey to the sacred heart of the site mirrored a pilgrim’s journey to the tomb of Christ. The key to this transformative understanding is Charles Thomas’s 1956–63 campaign of excava- tions on Iona, which this article is publishing for the first time.