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Libro Completo DESDE ESPAÑA Y SERBIA HACIA IBEROAMÉRICA EL AUGE DE LA LITERATURA, LA FILOLOGÍA Y LA HISTORIA MATTEO RE, BOJANA KOVAČEVIĆ PETROVIĆ, JOSÉ MANUEL AZCONA [EDS.] Desde España y Serbia hacia Iberoamérica © Matteo Re, Bojana Kovačević Petrović, José Manuel Azcona [Eds.], Madrid, 2020. ISBN: 978-84-09-21626-0 Ninguna página de este libro puede ser fotocopiada y reproducida sin autorización de los editores. Este libro es el resultado del proyecto de investigación amparado en el Artículo 83, de la LOU (Ley Orgánica de Universidades 6/2001 de 21 de diciembre) de la Cátedra de Excelencia URJC Santander Presdeia con la referencia siguiente : F47-HC/Cat-Ib-2019-2020: Desde España y Serbia hacia Iberoamérica. El auge de la literatura, la filología y la historia (Vicerrectorado de Innovación y Transferencia). 2 Desde España y Serbia hacia Iberoamérica ÍNDICE PRÓLOGO ........................................................................................................................................ 5 LA FRONTERA METAFÍSICA EN EL CONO SUR AMERICANO (1810-1880) ....................... 11 José Manuel Azcona y Majlinda Abdiu HISTORIA Y HERENCIA CULTURAL DE ALGUNOS PUEBLOS EUROPEOS EN ARGENTINA .................................................................................................................................. 40 Anja Mitić SERBIA, ESPAÑA E IBEROAMÉRICA: ENTRECRUZAMIENTOS HISTÓRICOS Y CULTURALES ................................................................................................................................ 62 Bojana Kovačević Petrović LAS RELACIONES EXTERIORES DE LA YUGOSLAVIA DE TITO CON AMÉRICA LATINA (SIGLO XX) ..................................................................................................................... 82 Tijana Čupić, Jelena Spasojević y Óscar Barboza Lizano EL DIFÍCIL ENCAJE DE SERBIA EN EL PANORAMA POLÍTICO EUROPEO ENTRE POPULISMO Y SOBERANÍA NACIONAL ............................................................................... 102 Matteo Re EL ESCENARIO COMPARATIVO DE LAS RELACIONES HISTÓRICAS ENTRE ESPAÑA Y SERBIA ...................................................................................................................................... 120 Felipe Debasa YUGOSLAVIA, UN ‘NO-LUGAR’ EN UN MUSEO. MEMORIA E HISTORIA EN EL MUSEUM OF YUGOSLAVIA DE BELGRADO .................................................................... 144 Manuel Burón Díaz LA IMAGEN DE ESPAÑA EN LOS RELATOS DE VIAJE DE IVO ANDRIĆ, STANISLAV KRAKOV Y MILOS CERNIANSKI ............................................................................................. 165 Jovana Todorović 3 Desde España y Serbia hacia Iberoamérica EL CONCEPTO DE AMOR EN LAS PAREMIAS ESPAÑOLAS Y SERBIAS ........................ 185 Ivana Georgijev DOS ARTISTAS SURREALISTAS EN BUSCA DE LA IDENTIDAD: REMEDIOS VARO Y MILENA PAVLOVIĆ BARILLI ................................................................................................... 204 Lora Petronić Petrović 4 Desde España y Serbia hacia Iberoamérica PRÓLOGO A finales de mayo de 2019 un grupo de profesores de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos se trasladó a la Universidad de Novi Sad-Voivodina-Serbia para impartir unas clases sobre historia y cultura de España y de América Latina para alumnos de la Facultad de Filología Románica. Lideraba dicho grupo el profesor José Manuel Azcona, catedrático de Historia Contemporánea de la URJC y director de la Cátedra Iberoamericana de Excelencia URJC-Santander Presdeia, que estudia la emigración y las relaciones bilaterales España-Iberoamérica. En Novi Sad, fue la profesora Bojana Kovačević Petrović quien, con generosa amabilidad y gran profesionalidad, acogió a los profesores provenientes de Madrid y animó a los alumnos a participar en los encuentros. Las jornadas académicas fueron una experiencia realmente positiva y enriquecedora para ambas partes. Poder interactuar bajo el paraguas de la cultura balcánica con la española, desde perspectivas científico-culturales y, al mismo tiempo, lograr difundir conocimientos sobre España e Iberoamérica, significó un reto de alta significación . Que generó significativas sinergias entre los profesores españoles y sus colegas de la Universidad de Novi Sad y, especialmente, con la profesora Bojana Kovačević Petrović y sus estudiantes de lengua y cultura española. Tanto es así que de esta colaboración se ha surgido la publicación conjunta que ahora presentamos. Con formato de libro colectivo, conformado por diez capítulos escritos por autores de varios países, pero en los cuales el hilo conductor es la relación entre Serbia, España e Iberoamérica. Nuestra intención, cuyo resultado esperamos haber logrado, ha sido desde el principio la de publicar un texto transversal y multidisciplinar, para otorgar al manuscrito original mayor pluralidad, y acoger la capacidad creativa de cada uno de los autores. Por ello, tenemos ante nosotros una publicación realmente poliedrica. Para empezar este ensayo deambula por el interesante ámbito de las directas relaciones de dos campos de estudio hermanos del ámbito al que pertenecemos todos los profesores-autores: la literatura y la historia. Ambos se tratan como elementos icónicos, como fuente del conocimiento. No en vano, buscamos, desde nuestras respectivas atalayas, analizar con honestidad y método, la propia esencia de la sociedad. Nos impregnamos de sus emociones, de su mentalidad, como vectores significativos de la relación con el pasado. Al fin y a la postre, la historia y la ficción aportan respuestas diferentes pero 5 Desde España y Serbia hacia Iberoamérica complementarias, lo que está en consonancia con la mayor libertad de interpretación de la literatura frente a las reglas que acotan el trabajo cotidiano de la historia científica. La literatura parece otear el futuro a partir del mundo presente o pretérito, y a ello ayuda la ciencia historiográfica. Y es que la interdisciplinariedad entre las ciencias sociales es un hecho que viene imponiéndose desde hace treinta años, con herencia preclara de lo que se inició en el setecientos, en el Siglo de las Luces. Y lo que, con gran acierto y maestría propugnó la Escuela de los Annales a mitad del pasado siglo XX. De esta forma, la unión de la historia y la literatura nos lleva al análisis certero de la cultura y las mentalidades, y las fuentes literarias emanan de la base societaria al tratar, en no pocas ocasiones, sobre personajes anónimos pero significativos como colectivo capaz de ser motor pautador de la sociedad estudiada. La literatura es modelo de indagación, forma transparente de conocer etapas del pasado, crisol analítico de colectivos humanos convivenciales. El texto literario nos fotografía momentos concretos y puede acelerar el papel de la imaginación que los historiadores equilibran en la amalgama de la ficción y la realidad, como puntal referencial para ubicar los tiempos de creación de cualquier escritor. La novelística genera enunciados simbólicos que traen realidades de similar estilo bajo un cosmos de ficción arropado por sus propias circunstancias, y crea mensajes de su inherente realidad. Por ello, los historiadores, cuando escriben, codifican hechos del pasado y bajo su propio código deontológico y honesta interpretación, ilustran racimos de realidad que pueden y deben tener sustentación en fuentes literarias. Así pues, debemos considerar la construcción escrita de novelas creativas bajo el plano diacrónico e histórico de la palabra hecha cultura, con su apreciación como un signo semiótico. La mixtura entre un texto de la novelística y la documentación histórica debe resultarnos un hecho totalmente natural. En general, además, los lectores de manuscritos de ciencia histórica suelen tener respeto al cosmos literario por lo que este impregna de la vida cotidiana. Toda obra literaria posee capacidad hermenéutica que determina, como decimos, su amalgama con la interpretación historicista. Siempre al amparo de la exaltación de valores, sentimientos y simbología rica y compleja que favorece el estudio social. El debate sobre la historia y literaria se extendió a toda la teoría literaria moderna, para convertirlo en un objeto de trabajo en sí mismo, a menudo con una fuerte influencia en el resto de las áreas humanísticas de 6 Desde España y Serbia hacia Iberoamérica conocimiento. En ocasiones, incluso se plantea la historia como una descripción de la evolución literaria, de la variabilidad de las series y tipologías de la novelística con un programa percibido, nítido y basado en el pensamiento colectivo. En el fuego de definir la teoría de las formas literarias, hemos de consignar la reunión de la estructura (a-histórica) con el sistema (histórico). Tal reunión, no una coincidencia, abre el camino para la descripción de formas de la escritura en las dos áreas de conocimiento que estudiamos. Así, la historia y la literatura deben ambientarse en la historia social. Su verdadero objeto fundamental es la diacronía planteada en el curso imparable del discurso literario. La historia es siempre un debate sobre un dominio en busca del propio objeto. Que recibe resultados de otros tipos de investigación propios de la novelística. Así, el rango de conocimiento literario, parece ser su hija elegida. Tampoco hemos olvidado la significación de las relaciones internacionales en el estudio de la historia, y de hecho hemos incluido textos significativos en este libro. Sobre el marco teórico de importancia en la elaboración de ensayos de gran interés global hay abundante literatura sustentadora de tal significación. De
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