DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 4 Outline of Nepal's International Trade

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Chapter 4 Outline of Nepal’s International Trade Chapter 4 Outline of Nepal’s International Trade Chapter 4 Outline of Nepal’s International Trade 4.1 Past Trend Nepal’s external trade is characterized by large trade deficits and overly high dependency on trade with India. As summarized in Table 4.1-1, the value of total imports surpasses that of total exports by more than six times in the recent three years, and the trade deficit has been expanding year after year. While the total trade is on the rise, imports have been growing at much higher rates than exports. Strong import growth – led by consumer goods - seems to be partly attributable to the increase in remittance made by overseas workers, which more than compensates for a sluggish domestic industry. Table 4.1-1 Foreign Trade Composition of Nepal Value Billion Rs. Total Export: Import Total Imports Total Trade Trade Deficit Exports Ratio F.Y. 2009/10 60.95 375.61 436.56 314.66 1: 6.2 Share % in Total Trade 14.0 86.0 F.Y. 2010/11 64.56 397.54 462.10 332.98 1: 6.2 Share % in Total Trade 14.0 86.0 F.Y. 2011/12 74.09 498.16 572.25 424.07 1: 6.7 Share % in Total Trade 12.9 87.1 Percentage Change in F.Y. 2010/11 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.8 compared to previous year Percentage Change in F.Y. 2011/12 14.8 25.3 23.8 27.4 compared to previous year Source: Current Macroeconomic Situation, NRB According to the 2011/12 trade statistics, exports to India account for 68.75% of Nepal’s total exports and imports to it occupy 64.51% of total imports in terms of monetary amounts (Figures 4.1-1 and 4.1-2). Table 4.1-2 shows detailed trade record by country in recent years. India’s dominance with more than a 60% share is not a recent trend but has been consistent for a long period of time. China Italy Canada Japan Other 1.06% France P.R 1.07% 1.04% Countries U.K 1.43% 1.33% 8.38% 1.97% Bangladesh 3.48% Germany India 4.00% 68.75% U.S.A 7.49% Source: Trade & Export Promotion Center 4 - 1 Chapter 4 Outline of Nepal’s International Trade Figure 4.1-1 Composition of Export Counterparts (2011/12) Saudi Arabia, 0.91% U.S.A, 0.98% Other Countries, 9.66% Korea R., 1.10% Malaysia, 1.20% Argentina, 1.31% Indonesia, 1.55% Thailand, 1.63% India, 64.51% U.A.E, 6.53% China , P.R., 10.62% Source: Trade & Export Promotion Center Figure 4.1-2 Composition of Import Counterparts (2011/12) Table 4.1-2 Major Trading Partners of Nepal EXPORTS IMPORTS Value in '000 Rs. Value in '000 Rs. F.Y 2011/12 F.Y 2011/12 S.N Countries F.Y 2009/10 F.Y 2010/11 S.N Countries F.Y 2009/10 F.Y 2010/11 % % 1 India 39,902,811 42,868,108 50,933,222 68.75% 1 India 214,261,109 259,162,277 321,346,419 64.51% 2 U.S.A 3,867,223 4,392,600 5,551,916 7.49% 2 China , P.R. 39,218,203 45,635,962 52,924,945 10.62% 3 Germany 2,391,036 2,768,972 2,965,891 4.00% 3 U.A.E 33,398,621 13,615,677 32,540,181 6.53% 4 Bangladesh 3,373,718 3,471,938 2,578,080 3.48% 4 Thailand 7,504,724 7,039,735 8,098,446 1.63% 5 U.K 1,228,188 1,389,528 1,461,905 1.97% 5 Indonesia 8,093,843 8,403,085 7,740,468 1.55% 6 France 1,152,930 1,206,172 1,062,887 1.43% 6 Argentina 5,036,656 7,369,341 6,529,625 1.31% 7 China P.R 1,008,696 746,023 985,693 1.33% 7 Malaysia 4,207,297 4,962,553 5,978,247 1.20% 8 Italy 716,188 758,283 792,245 1.07% 8 Korea R. 5,885,329 5,737,191 5,461,033 1.10% 9 Canada 768,090 820,351 782,059 1.06% 9 U.S.A 5,384,826 3,930,988 4,885,225 0.98% 10 Japan 554,158 652,352 767,227 1.04% 10 Saudi Arabia 1,832,945 3,172,754 4,538,443 0.91% 11 Turkey 276,970 865,692 548,770 0.74% 11 Japan 6,267,573 3,957,915 4,479,354 0.90% 12 Bhutan 1,554,824 425,484 543,836 0.73% 12 Ukraine 2,499,366 445,606 3,462,359 0.70% 13 U.A.E 255,032 326,300 440,792 0.59% 13 Singapore 5,007,334 3,347,521 2,646,484 0.53% 14 Netherlands 258,139 300,991 411,447 0.56% 14 Germany 2,321,819 2,330,043 2,569,290 0.52% 15 Australia 333,140 304,824 354,270 0.48% 15 Brazil 620,858 1,184,859 2,510,432 0.50% 16 Vietnam 49,754 82,305 276,534 0.37% 16 Taiwan 1,519,883 1,450,077 2,270,523 0.46% 17 Spain 181,061 279,556 273,516 0.37% 17 Australia 4,950,297 1,829,768 1,996,628 0.40% 18 Hongkong SAR 369,414 179,455 255,482 0.34% 18 Vietnam 281,436 1,035,585 1,980,528 0.40% 19 Belgium 265,807 244,631 247,215 0.33% 19 Switzerland 2,743,879 2,456,573 1,914,382 0.38% 20 Kuwait 2,232 77,233 246,526 0.33% 20 U.K. 7,298,818 2,040,553 1,899,390 0.38% 21 Pakistan 78,971 142,338 225,907 0.30% 21 France 1,662,686 1,322,207 1,639,948 0.33% 22 Switzerland 370,959 215,288 219,901 0.30% 22 Russia 436,032 647,369 1,511,754 0.30% 23 Denmark 175,945 192,884 199,851 0.27% 23 Bangladesh 764,830 1,104,150 1,502,817 0.30% 24 Austria 100,969 163,061 176,016 0.24% 24 Italy 949,066 771,544 1,279,641 0.26% 25 Malaysia 110,324 76,416 113,589 0.15% 25 Netherlands 511,998 768,096 1,035,074 0.21% 26 Singapore 305,665 349,865 108,144 0.15% 26 Canada 551,039 1,089,558 905,949 0.18% 27 Brazil 73,961 54,217 107,969 0.15% 27 New Zealand 1,091,571 1,038,232 841,303 0.17% 28 Russia 33,876 117,119 95,152 0.13% 28 Finland 1,214,488 606,892 554,646 0.11% 29 Taiwan 71,187 80,936 73,747 0.10% 29 Egypt 403,626 838,911 502,747 0.10% 30 Korea R 41,324 87,826 38,532 0.05% 30 Turkey 404,577 1,849,869 420,301 0.08% 31 Other Countries 1,077,012 921,696 1,250,738 1.69% 31 Other Countries 9,281,141 8,391,053 12,194,496 2.45% Grand Total 60,949,603 64,562,444 74,089,060 100%Grand Total 375,605,870 397,535,942 498,161,074 100% Source: Trade & Export Promotion Center Next to India, Nepal’s exports go to the United States, Germany, Bangladesh, the UK, and France, in order of share. That is, major importers are neighboring countries (South Asia) and western countries although shares of the other countries are fairly small in contrast to India’s whopping 68% share. Note that the share of the United States is decreasing after the termination of the import quota for garment products from Nepal. 4 - 2 Chapter 4 Outline of Nepal’s International Trade The second largest exporter to Nepal is China, which shows a certain degree of presence (10.62% of the total), followed by the United Arab Emirates, Thailand, Indonesia, Argentine, Malaysia, and South Korea. Nepal imports from these countries raw materials, machinery and consumer goods. Asian countries are not major export destinations probably because Nepal’s major export items (agricultural products, processed food, and textile and apparel) compete with those exported by those countries. Japan ranks 10th as an impostor from Nepal and 11th as an exporter to it. Although Japan’s presence as a supplier seems to be small, it is probably because Japanese companies export some products to Nepal from factories operating in Southeast Asia. Major exports from Nepal to Japan are ginger, pashmina, honey, and coffee, and major imports from Japn include machinery, industrial products, auto parts, and steel and iron products. Thus, Nepal’s trade pattern is characterized by India’s predominant presence, while major importers of its products are neighboring countries, the U.S. and Europe and major exporters China and South Asian countries. 4.1.1 Export Trend in terms of Items Tables 4.1-3 and 4.1-6 list major export and import items in the recent three years, respectively (order based on the trade value in the 2011/12 data). Textile and apparel products including yarns (such as polyester and cotton) and carpet continue to rank high in the country’s exports.
Recommended publications
  • Download Download

    Download Download

    Journal of International Affairs Vol. 3, 1-41, 2020 Doi: https://doi.org/10.3126/joia.v3i1.29077 Department of International Relations and Diplomacy Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal North-Western Boundary of Nepal Dwarika Dhungel Jagat Bhusal Narendra Khanal Abstract Following the publication of new political maps by India on 2nd and 8th November 2019, the issues related to the source of Mahakali River and Indian occupation of the Nepali territory east of the river, have, once again, come to the surface. And, the Nepali civil society has come out strongly against the newly published political maps of India, prepared a new map of Nepal, showing the whole of the territory east of Mahakali River (about 400 sq. km) as Nepalese land on the basis of Treaty of Sugauli signed in 1816 by East India Company of Great Britain and Raja of Nepal. An analysis of the maps, so far available, shows that changes have been made in the names of the river and places, and there is cartographic aggression and manipulation by India in relation to Mahakali River and its boundary with Nepal’s northwest. It has also been found that Nepal has published a map in the past showing its international boundary without any basis of the treaties and other historical documents. Analysis clearly shows that the river originating from Limpiyadhura is the Mahakali (called Kalee/Kali River) as per Article 5 of the Sugauli treaty and it forms the international boundary between the two countries. Keywords: Anglo-Nepal War, Sugauli Treaty, Cartographic Aggression, Nepal-India Territorial Disputes 1 Dwarika Dhungel, Jagat Bhusal & Narendra Khanal/North-Western … Vol.
  • ARCP Final Report

    ARCP Final Report

    ARCP Final Report Project Reference Number: ARCP2015-13CMY-Zhou Assessment of Climate-Induced Long-term Water Availability in the Ganges Basin and the Impacts on Energy Security in South Asia The following collaborators worked on this project: 1. Dr. Xin Zhou, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan, [email protected] 2. Dr. Bijon Kumer Mitra, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan, [email protected] 3. Dr. Devesh Sharma, Central University of Rajasthan (CURAJ), India, [email protected] 4. Prof. G.M. Tarekul Islam, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Bangladesh, [email protected] 5. Dr. Rabin Malla, Center of Research for Environment, Energy and Water (CREEW), Nepal, [email protected] 6. Dr. Diego Silva Herran, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan, [email protected] 7. Dr. Brian Johnson, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Japan, [email protected] Insert Insert Insert other other other logo logo logo Copyright © 2015 Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research APN seeks to maximise discoverability and use of its knowledge and information. All publications are made available through its online repository “APN E-Lib” (www.apn-gcr.org/resources/). Unless otherwise indicated, APN publications may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services. Appropriate acknowledgement of APN as the source and copyright holder must be given, while APN’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services must not be implied in any way. For reuse requests: http://www.apn-gcr.org/?p=10807 Table of Contents Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................i Project Overview .....................................................................................................................
  • Logistics Capacity Assessment Nepal

    Logistics Capacity Assessment Nepal

    IA LCA – Nepal 2009 Version 1.05 Logistics Capacity Assessment Nepal Country Name Nepal Official Name Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Regional Bureau Bangkok, Thailand Assessment Assessment Date: From 16 October 2009 To: 6 November 2009 Name of the assessors Rich Moseanko – World Vision International John Jung – World Vision International Rajendra Kumar Lal – World Food Programme, Nepal Country Office Title/position Email contact At HQ: [email protected] 1/105 IA LCA – Nepal 2009 Version 1.05 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Country Profile....................................................................................................................................................................3 1.1. Introduction / Background.........................................................................................................................................5 1.2. Humanitarian Background ........................................................................................................................................6 1.3. National Regulatory Departments/Bureau and Quality Control/Relevant Laboratories ......................................16 1.4. Customs Information...............................................................................................................................................18 2. Logistics Infrastructure .....................................................................................................................................................33 2.1. Port Assessment .....................................................................................................................................................33
  • DEATH ZONE FREERIDE About the Project

    DEATH ZONE FREERIDE About the Project

    DEATH ZONE FREERIDE About the project We are 3 of Snow Leopards, who commit the hardest anoxic high altitude ascents and perform freeride from the tops of the highest mountains on Earth (8000+). We do professional one of a kind filming on the utmost altitude. THE TRICKIEST MOUNTAINS ON EARTH NO BOTTLED OXYGEN CHALLENGES TO HUMAN AND NATURE NO EXTERIOR SUPPORT 8000ERS FREERIDE FROM THE TOPS MOVIES ALONE WITH NATURE FREERIDE DESCENTS 5 3 SNOW LEOS Why the project is so unique? PROFESSIONAL FILMING IN THE HARDEST CONDITIONS ❖ Higher than 8000+ m ❖ Under challenging efforts ❖ Without bottled oxygen & exterior support ❖ Severe weather conditions OUTDOOR PROJECT-OF-THE-YEAR “CRYSTAL PEAK 2017” AWARD “Death zone freeride” project got the “Crystal Peak 2017” award in “Outdoor project-of-the-year” nomination. It is comparable with “Oscar” award for Russian outdoor sphere. Team ANTON VITALY CARLALBERTO PUGOVKIN LAZO CIMENTI Snow Leopard. Snow Leopard. Leader The first Italian Snow Leopard. MC in mountaineering. Manaslu of “Mountain territory” club. Specializes in a ski mountaineering. freeride 8163m. High altitude Ski-mountaineer. Participant cameraman. of more than 20 high altitude expeditions. Mountains of the project Manaslu Annapurna Nanga–Parbat Everest K2 8163m 8091m 8125m 8848m 8611m The highest mountains on Earth ❖ 8027 m Shishapangma ❖ 8167 m Dhaulagiri I ❖ 8035 m Gasherbrum II (K4) ❖ 8201 m Cho Oyu ❖ 8051 m Broad Peak (K3) ❖ 8485 m Makalu ❖ 8080 m Gasherbrum I (Hidden Peak, K5) ❖ 8516 m Lhotse ❖ 8091 m Annapurna ❖ 8586 m Kangchenjunga ❖ 8126 m Nanga–Parbat ❖ 8614 m Chogo Ri (K2) ❖ 8156 m Manaslu ❖ 8848 m Chomolungma (Everest) Mountains that we climbed on MANASLU September 2017 The first and unique freeride descent from the altitude 8000+ meters among Russian sportsmen.
  • Nepal 1982 Letter from Kathmandu

    Nepal 1982 Letter from Kathmandu

    199 Nepal 1982 Letter from Kathmandu Mike Cheney Post-Monsoon, 1981 Of the 42 expeditions which arrived in Nepal for the post-monsoon season, 17 were successful and 25 unsuccessful. The weather right across the Nepal Himal was exceptionally fine during the whole ofOctober and November with the exception of the first week in November, when a cyclone in western India brought rain and snow for 2 or 3 days. As traditionally happens, the Monsoon finished right on time with a major downpour of rain on 28 September. The worst of the storm was centred over a fairly small part of Central Nepal, the area immediately south of the Annapurna range. The heavy snowfalls caused 6 deaths (2 Sherpas, 2 Japanese and 2 French) on Annapurna Himal expeditions, over 200 other Nepalis also died, and many more lost their homes and all their possessions-the losses on expeditions were small indeed compared with those of the Hill and Terai peoples. Four other expedition members died as a result of accidents-2 Japanese and 2 Swiss. Winter season, 1981/82 There were four foreign expeditions during the winter climbing season, which is December and January in Nepal. Two expeditions were on Makalu-one British expedition of 6 members, led by Ron Rutland, and one French. In addition there was an American expedition to Pumori and a Canadian expedition to Annapurna IV. The American expedition to Pumori was successful. Pre-Monsoon, 1982 This was one of the most successful seasons for many years. Of the 28 expeditions attempting 26 peaks-there were 2 expeditions on Kanchenjunga and 2 on Lamjung-21 were successful.
  • Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025 Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Strategy Andactionplan2016-2025|Chitwan-Annapurnalandscape,Nepal

    Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025 Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Strategy Andactionplan2016-2025|Chitwan-Annapurnalandscape,Nepal

    Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025 Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Strategy andActionPlan2016-2025|Chitwan-AnnapurnaLandscape,Nepal Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: +977-1- 4211567, 4211936 Fax: +977-1-4223868 Website: www.mfsc.gov.np Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025 Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Publisher: Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Citation: Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation 2015. Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025, Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Cover photo credits: Forest, River, Women in Community and Rhino © WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program/ Nabin Baral Snow leopard © WWF Nepal/ DNPWC Rhododendron © WWF Nepal Back cover photo credits: Forest, Gharial, Peacock © WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program/ Nabin Baral Red Panda © Kamal Thapa/ WWF Nepal Buckwheat fi eld in Ghami village, Mustang © WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program/ Kapil Khanal Women in wetland © WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program/ Kashish Das Shrestha © Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Acronyms and Abbreviations ACA Annapurna Conservation Area asl Above Sea Level BZ Buffer Zone BZUC Buffer Zone User Committee CA Conservation Area CAMC Conservation Area Management Committee CAPA Community Adaptation Plans for Action CBO Community Based Organization CBS
  • Investing in People to Close the Human Capital Gap

    Investing in People to Close the Human Capital Gap

    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Investing inPeopletoClosetheHumanCapitalGap DEVELOPMENTUPDATE NEPAL June 6,2019 June Standard Disclaimer: This volume is a product of the staff of the The World Bank does not guarantee the International Bank for Reconstruction and accuracy of the data included in this work. Development/The World Bank. The findings, The boundaries colors, denominations, and interpretations, and conclusions expressed in other information shown on any map in this this paper do not necessarily reflect the view of work do not imply any judgement on the part the Executive Directors of The World Bank or of The World Bank concerning the legal status the governments they represent. of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundries. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. All other queries on rights and licenses, Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of including subsidiary rights, should be addressed this work without permission may be a to the Office of the Publisher, The World violation of applicable law. The International Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, The World Bank encourages dissemination of e-mail [email protected]. its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information
  • The Distribution of Reptiles and Amphibians in the Annapurna-Dhaulagiri Region (Nepal)

    The Distribution of Reptiles and Amphibians in the Annapurna-Dhaulagiri Region (Nepal)

    THE DISTRIBUTION OF REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS IN THE ANNAPURNA-DHAULAGIRI REGION (NEPAL) by LURLY M.R. NANHOE and PAUL E. OUBOTER L.M.R. Nanhoe & P.E. Ouboter: The distribution of reptiles and amphibians in the Annapurna-Dhaulagiri region (Nepal). Zool. Verh. Leiden 240, 12-viii-1987: 1-105, figs. 1-16, tables 1-5, app. I-II. — ISSN 0024-1652. Key words: reptiles; amphibians; keys; Annapurna region; Dhaulagiri region; Nepal; altitudinal distribution; zoogeography. The reptiles and amphibians of the Annapurna-Dhaulagiri region in Nepal are keyed and described. Their distribution is recorded, based on both personal observations and literature data. The ecology of the species is discussed. The zoogeography and the altitudinal distribution are analysed. All in all 32 species-group taxa of reptiles and 21 species-group taxa of amphibians are treated. L.M.R. Nanhoe & P.E. Ouboter, c/o Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie Raamsteeg 2, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. CONTENTS Introduction 5 Study area 7 Climate and vegetation 9 Material and methods 12 Reptilia 13 Sauria 13 Gekkonidae 13 Hemidactylus brookii 14 Hemidactylus flaviviridis 14 Hemidactylus garnotii 15 Agamidae 15 Agama tuberculata 16 Calotes versicolor 18 Japalura major 19 Japalura tricarinata 20 Phrynocephalus theobaldi 22 Scincidae 24 Scincella capitanea 25 Scincella ladacensis ladacensis 26 3 4 ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 240 (1987) Scincella ladacensis himalayana 27 2g Scincella sikimmensis ^ Sphenomorphus maculatus ^ Serpentes ^ Colubridae ^ Amphiesma platyceps ^
  • Oral History and the Evolution of Thakuri Political Authority in a Subregion of Far Western Nepal Walter F

    Oral History and the Evolution of Thakuri Political Authority in a Subregion of Far Western Nepal Walter F

    Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 4 Number 2 Himalayan Research Bulletin, Monsoon Article 7 1984 1984 Oral History and the Evolution of Thakuri Political Authority in A Subregion of Far Western Nepal Walter F. Winkler Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation Winkler, Walter F. (1984) "Oral History and the Evolution of Thakuri Political Authority in A Subregion of Far Western Nepal," Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies: Vol. 4: No. 2, Article 7. Available at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol4/iss2/7 This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ... ORAL HISTORY AND THE EVOLUTION OF THAKUR! POLITICAL AUTHORITY IN A SUBREGION OF FAR WESTERN NEPAL Walter F. Winkler Prologue John Hitchcock in an article published in 1974 discussed the evolution of caste organization in Nepal in light of Tucci's investigations of the Malia Kingdom of Western Nepal. My dissertation research, of which the following material is a part, was an outgrowth of questions John had raised on this subject. At first glance the material written in 1978 may appear removed fr om the interests of a management development specialist in a contemporary Dallas high technology company. At closer inspection, however, its central themes - the legitimization of hierarchical relationships, the "her o" as an organizational symbol, and th~ impact of local culture on organizational function and design - are issues that are relevant to industrial as well as caste organization.
  • UNODC Multi-Country Study on Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants from Nepal

    UNODC Multi-Country Study on Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants from Nepal

    United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Regional Office for SouthAsia September 2019 Copyright © UNODC 2019 Disclaimer: The designations employed and the contents of this publication, do not imply the expression or endorsement of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNODC concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. EP 16/17, Chandragupta Marg, Chanakyapuri New Delhi - 110021, India Tel: +91 11 24104964/66/68 Website: www.unodc. org/southasia/ Follow UNODC South Asia on: This is an internal UNODC document, which is not meant for wider public distribution and is a component of ongoing, expert research undertaken by the UNODC under the GLO.ACT project. The objective of this study is to identify pressing needs and offer strategic solutions to support the Government of Nepal and its law enforcement agencies in areas covered by UNODC mandates, particularly the smuggling of migrants. This report has not been formally edited, and its contents do not necessarily reflect or imply endorsement of the views or policies of the UNODC or any contributory organizations. In addition, the designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply any particular opinion whatsoever regarding the legal status of any country, territory, municipality or its authorities, or the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The boundaries and names shown, and the designations used in all the maps in this report, do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations and the UNODC. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 ABBREVIATIONS 4 KEY TERMS USED IN THE REPORT AND THEIR DEFINITIONS/MEANINGS 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 1.
  • Games and Sports : a Gateway of Women's Empowerment in India

    Games and Sports : a Gateway of Women's Empowerment in India

    Games And Sports : A Gateway Of Women’s Empowerment In India Dr. Krishnendu Pradhan ABSTRACT “Sport has huge potential to empower women and girls” - Remarks by Lakshmi Puri; UN Assistant Secretary-General and UN Women Deputy Executive Director. The purpose of this paper attempts to shed light the status of women’s empowerment in India through games and sports and highlights the issues and challenges of women empowerment in the field of physical education and sports. Sport is an integral part of the culture of almost every nation. However, its use to promote gender equity and empower girls and women is often overlooked because sport is not universally perceived as a suitable or desirable pursuit for girls and women. Today the empowerment of women in games and sports has become one of the most important concerns of 21st century. But practically women empowerment in games and sports is still an illusion of reality. It is observe in our day to day life how women become victimized by various social evils. Women empowerment is the vital instrument to expand women’s ability to have resources and to make strategic life choices. Empowerment of women in games and sports is essentially the process of upliftment of economic, social and political status of women, the traditionally underprivileged ones, in the society. Today sports and physical activity as a strategy for the empowerment of girls and women has been gaining recognition worldwide. Women could be empowered through education, sports and physical activities and by giving them equal opportunities in different walks of life. Research on sport, gender, and development indicates that sport can benefit girls and women by: Enhancing health and well-being, fostering self-esteem and empowerment, facilitating social inclusion and integration, challenging gender norms and providing opportunities for leadership and achievement.
  • The Mountaineer Carlos Soria Will Attempt to Reach the Summit of Two Eight-Thousanders at the Age of 77

    The Mountaineer Carlos Soria Will Attempt to Reach the Summit of Two Eight-Thousanders at the Age of 77

    17.02.2016 The BBVA Expedition will set off for Nepal on the 25th The mountaineer Carlos Soria will attempt to reach the summit of two eight-thousanders at the age of 77 o The veteran climber will face this spring the dual challenge of reaching the peak of the Annapurna (8,091 m) and the Dhaulagiri (8,167 m), two of the three eight- thousanders left to complete the 14 highest mountains on the planet o “I want to confront once again the Annapurna and see what the conditions are like. I believe that this year we will be lucky, let's hope so”, said the mountaineer from Avila Carlos Soria will set off next February 25 for Nepal with the new BBVA Expedition to tackle the Annapurna (8,091 m) and the Dhaulagiri (8,167 m). The veteran climber is optimistic about this challenge: “These two mountains are quite difficult, particularly the Annapurna, but, as always, we'll try it with much enthusiasm and this year we'll succeed”. If he does, he would become the oldest person to achieve it and would be one step away from completing the 14 eight-thousanders, pending the main summit of the Shisha Pangma. The 2016 BBVA Expedition led by Carlos Soria will attempt to reach the summit of two of the world's most dangerous mountains. First, the veteran mountaineer will attempt to conquer the Annapurna's summit. “I want to confront once again the Annapurna and see what the conditions are like, what the snow looks like. I believe that this year we will be lucky, let's hope so”, he said.