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Journal of International Affairs Vol. 3, 1-41, 2020 Doi: https://doi.org/10.3126/joia.v3i1.29077 Department of International Relations and Diplomacy Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal North-Western Boundary of Nepal Dwarika Dhungel Jagat Bhusal Narendra Khanal Abstract Following the publication of new political maps by India on 2nd and 8th November 2019, the issues related to the source of Mahakali River and Indian occupation of the Nepali territory east of the river, have, once again, come to the surface. And, the Nepali civil society has come out strongly against the newly published political maps of India, prepared a new map of Nepal, showing the whole of the territory east of Mahakali River (about 400 sq. km) as Nepalese land on the basis of Treaty of Sugauli signed in 1816 by East India Company of Great Britain and Raja of Nepal. An analysis of the maps, so far available, shows that changes have been made in the names of the river and places, and there is cartographic aggression and manipulation by India in relation to Mahakali River and its boundary with Nepal’s northwest. It has also been found that Nepal has published a map in the past showing its international boundary without any basis of the treaties and other historical documents. Analysis clearly shows that the river originating from Limpiyadhura is the Mahakali (called Kalee/Kali River) as per Article 5 of the Sugauli treaty and it forms the international boundary between the two countries. Keywords: Anglo-Nepal War, Sugauli Treaty, Cartographic Aggression, Nepal-India Territorial Disputes 1 Dwarika Dhungel, Jagat Bhusal & Narendra Khanal/North-Western … Vol. -
Oral History and the Evolution of Thakuri Political Authority in a Subregion of Far Western Nepal Walter F
Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 4 Number 2 Himalayan Research Bulletin, Monsoon Article 7 1984 1984 Oral History and the Evolution of Thakuri Political Authority in A Subregion of Far Western Nepal Walter F. Winkler Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation Winkler, Walter F. (1984) "Oral History and the Evolution of Thakuri Political Authority in A Subregion of Far Western Nepal," Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies: Vol. 4: No. 2, Article 7. Available at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol4/iss2/7 This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ... ORAL HISTORY AND THE EVOLUTION OF THAKUR! POLITICAL AUTHORITY IN A SUBREGION OF FAR WESTERN NEPAL Walter F. Winkler Prologue John Hitchcock in an article published in 1974 discussed the evolution of caste organization in Nepal in light of Tucci's investigations of the Malia Kingdom of Western Nepal. My dissertation research, of which the following material is a part, was an outgrowth of questions John had raised on this subject. At first glance the material written in 1978 may appear removed fr om the interests of a management development specialist in a contemporary Dallas high technology company. At closer inspection, however, its central themes - the legitimization of hierarchical relationships, the "her o" as an organizational symbol, and th~ impact of local culture on organizational function and design - are issues that are relevant to industrial as well as caste organization. -
India L M S Palni, Director, GBPIHED
Lead Coordinator - India L M S Palni, Director, GBPIHED Nodal Person(s) – India R S Rawal, Scientist, GBPIHED Wildlife Institute of India (WII) G S Rawat, Scientist Uttarakhand Forest Department (UKFD) Nishant Verma, IFS Manoj Chandran, IFS Investigators GBPIHED Resource Persons K Kumar D S Rawat GBPIHED Ravindra Joshi S Sharma Balwant Rawat S C R Vishvakarma Lalit Giri G C S Negi Arun Jugran I D Bhatt Sandeep Rawat A K Sahani Lavkush Patel K Chandra Sekar Rajesh Joshi WII S Airi Amit Kotia Gajendra Singh Ishwari Rai WII Merwyn Fernandes B S Adhikari Pankaj Kumar G S Bhardwaj Rhea Ganguli S Sathyakumar Rupesh Bharathi Shazia Quasin V K Melkani V P Uniyal Umesh Tiwari CONTRIBUTORS Y P S Pangtey, Kumaun University, Nainital; D K Upreti, NBRI, Lucknow; S D Tiwari, Girls Degree College, Haldwani; Girija Pande, Kumaun University, Nainital; C S Negi & Kumkum Shah, Govt. P G College, Pithoragarh; Ruchi Pant and Ajay Rastogi, ECOSERVE, Majkhali; E Theophillous and Mallika Virdhi, Himprkrthi, Munsyari; G S Satyal, Govt. P G College Haldwani; Anil Bisht, Govt. P G College Narayan Nagar CONTENTS Preface i-ii Acknowledgements iii-iv 1. Task and the Approach 1-10 1.1 Background 1.2 Feasibility Study 1.3 The Approach 2. Description of Target Landscape 11-32 2.1 Background 2.2 Administrative 2.3 Physiography and Climate 2.4 River and Glaciers 2.5 Major Life zones 2.6 Human settlements 2.7 Connectivity and remoteness 2.8 Major Land Cover / Land use 2.9 Vulnerability 3. Land Use and Land Cover 33-40 3.1 Background 3.2 Land use 4. -
Chapter 4 Outline of Nepal's International Trade
Chapter 4 Outline of Nepal’s International Trade Chapter 4 Outline of Nepal’s International Trade Chapter 4 Outline of Nepal’s International Trade 4.1 Past Trend Nepal’s external trade is characterized by large trade deficits and overly high dependency on trade with India. As summarized in Table 4.1-1, the value of total imports surpasses that of total exports by more than six times in the recent three years, and the trade deficit has been expanding year after year. While the total trade is on the rise, imports have been growing at much higher rates than exports. Strong import growth – led by consumer goods - seems to be partly attributable to the increase in remittance made by overseas workers, which more than compensates for a sluggish domestic industry. Table 4.1-1 Foreign Trade Composition of Nepal Value Billion Rs. Total Export: Import Total Imports Total Trade Trade Deficit Exports Ratio F.Y. 2009/10 60.95 375.61 436.56 314.66 1: 6.2 Share % in Total Trade 14.0 86.0 F.Y. 2010/11 64.56 397.54 462.10 332.98 1: 6.2 Share % in Total Trade 14.0 86.0 F.Y. 2011/12 74.09 498.16 572.25 424.07 1: 6.7 Share % in Total Trade 12.9 87.1 Percentage Change in F.Y. 2010/11 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.8 compared to previous year Percentage Change in F.Y. 2011/12 14.8 25.3 23.8 27.4 compared to previous year Source: Current Macroeconomic Situation, NRB According to the 2011/12 trade statistics, exports to India account for 68.75% of Nepal’s total exports and imports to it occupy 64.51% of total imports in terms of monetary amounts (Figures 4.1-1 and 4.1-2). -
The Bhārata/Jāgara of Maulā Alias Jiyā Rānī As Narrated in Doti (Far Western Nepal) and Uttarakhand (India): Text and Context
The Bhārata/Jāgara of Maulā alias Jiyā Rānī as Narrated in Doti (Far Western Nepal) and Uttarakhand (India): Text and context Maheshwar P. Joshi The items selected from the past are often so chosen as to legitimize the values and codes of the present. In selecting and recasting cultural items we highlight some and marginalize others. The act of selection becomes a dialogue with the past (Thapar 2000: 4, emphasis added). Introduction Based on the testimony of inscriptions (the earliest dating back to the 4th century AD), literary accounts, and local traditions it may be suggested that Far Western Nepal and Uttarakhand formed one single polity for centuries under the Katyūrī dynasty. Therefore, both regions inherit a shared past or collective memory. The Bhārata/Jāgara of Maulā alias Jiyā Rānī, a Katyūrī princess, as narrated in Doti (Far Western Nepal) and Uttarakhand (India) is an example of this common heritage. This paper traces the origin of the Maulā alias Jiyā Rānī narrative to the widely known theme of the sixth century AD Sanskrit drama the Devī Chandraguptam, which in turn is rooted in the Imperial Gupta history of the fourth century AD. Using the princess as a motif, as in the Devī Chandraguptam, it shows how certain important events form the contexts that mediate the folklore under discussion and how its texts are modified accordingly. It also examines the functional aspect of folklore and its efficacy in the articulation of ideology and political power.1 There is no doubt that before the emergence of the nation states of 1 This is a revised and enlarged version of a paper presented to the ‘Nepali Folklore: Third National Conference’, at Dhangarhi, Nepal, October 21-28, 2013. -
A Sociolinguistic Study of Dotyali
A Sociolinguistic Study of Dotyali Written by: Stephanie R. Eichentopf Research conducted by: Stephanie R. Eichentopf Sara A. Boon Kimberly D. Benedict Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN) Central Department of Linguistics Tribhuvan University, Nepal and SIL International 2014 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Geography ................................................................................................................ 9 1.2 History of the people ............................................................................................... 9 1.3 Language ................................................................................................................ 11 1.4 Other nearby languages ......................................................................................... 12 1.5 Previous research and resources ............................................................................ 14 2 Purpose and Goals .......................................................................................................... 17 3 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 19 3.1 Instruments ............................................................................................................ 19 3.2 Site selection ......................................................................................................... -
National Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report)
Volume 01, NPHC 2011 National Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report) Government of Nepal National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics Kathmandu, Nepal November, 2012 Acknowledgement National Population and Housing Census 2011 (NPHC2011) marks hundred years in the history of population census in Nepal. Nepal has been conducting population censuses almost decennially and the census 2011 is the eleventh one. It is a great pleasure for the government of Nepal to successfully conduct the census amid political transition. The census 2011 has been historical event in many ways. It has successfully applied an ambitious questionnaire through which numerous demographic, social and economic information have been collected. Census workforce has been ever more inclusive with more than forty percent female interviewers, caste/ethnicities and backward classes being participated in the census process. Most financial resources and expertise used for the census were national. Nevertheless, important catalytic inputs were provided by UNFPA, UNWOMEN, UNDP, DANIDA, US Census Bureau etc. The census 2011 has once again proved that Nepal has capacity to undertake such a huge statistical operation with quality. The professional competency of the staff of the CBS has been remarkable. On this occasion, I would like to congratulate Central Bureau of Statistics and the CBS team led by Mr.Uttam Narayan Malla, Director General of the Bureau. On behalf of the Secretariat, I would like to thank the Steering Committee of the National Population and Housing census 2011 headed by Honorable Vice-Chair of the National Planning commission. Also, thanks are due to the Members of various technical committees, working groups and consultants. -
Architectural Reflection of Shared Cultural Heritage of Transhumance Routes in Pithoragarh
The Architectural Reflection of Shared Cultural Heritage of Transhumance Routes in Pithoragarh By Samiksha Srichandan Research Scholar Under the Guidance of: Prof (Dr.) Ram Sateesh Pasupuleti Prof (Dr.) A.J.Mishra Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Architecture & Planning Department Kailash Sacred Landscape Interface between humans (“culture”) and the non-human world (“nature”) at a range of scales and across a variety of terrains. defined by socially recognized markers and boundaries inhabited and understood through layers of meaning produced by people’s engagements with their environments Source : https://www.grida.no The Concept of Cultural Routes Tracks A cultural route is a route of historical Transportation Infrastructure For finding food & fodder importance that might have been Element Frequent use created(as a planned project) for a Places of Exchange specific purpose or a route that might Pathways have taken advantage (fully or partially) Influences Growing need of of pre-existing roads and evolved over a Communication long period through collective Time & Commerce intervention by different cultural groups Type Well defined Routes for a common purpose. •Pilgrimage Routes Expansionist urge Expansionist •Administrative Routes Various Socio- •Exchange routes economic Usage in history Wholeness Multi-dimensional •Military Routes Cultural needs •Transhumance Routes •Passenger Routes Heritage of Relationships- Crossing borders – •Pillagers' raiding Routes Complex web of Route capacity to connect and cultural, ecological, political -
Report on Species/Country Combinations Selected for Review by the Plants Committee Following Cop16 CITES Project No
PC23 Doc. 15.2 Annex 1 UNEP-WCMC technical report Report on species/country combinations selected for review by the Plants Committee following CoP16 CITES Project No. A-498 PC23 Doc. 15.2 Annex 1 Report on species/country combinations selected for review by the Plants Committee following CoP16 Prepared for CITES Secretariat Published May 2017 Citation UNEP-WCMC. 2017. Report on species/country combinations selected for review by the Plants Committee following CoP16. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the many experts who provided valuable data and opinions in the compilation of this report. Copyright CITES Secretariat, 2017 The UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment centre of UN Environment, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. The Centre has been in operation for over 30 years, combining scientific research with practical policy advice. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission, provided acknowledgement to the source is made. Reuse of any figures is subject to permission from the original rights holders. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose without permission in writing from UN Environment. Applications for permission, with a statement of purpose and extent of reproduction, should be sent to the Director, UNEP-WCMC, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UN Environment, contributory organisations or editors. The designations employed and the presentations of material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UN Environment or contributory organisations, editors or publishers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries or the designation of its name, frontiers or boundaries. -
Mobile Subjects, Markets, and Sovereignty in the India-Nepal Borderland, 1780-1930
Shifting States: Mobile Subjects, Markets, and Sovereignty in the India-Nepal Borderland, 1780-1930 Catherine Warner A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2014 Committee: Anand Yang, Chair Purnima Dhavan Priti Ramamurthy Program Authorized to Offer Degree: History © Copyright 2014 Catherine Warner University of Washington Abstract Shifting States: Mobile Subjects, Markets, and Sovereignty in the India-Nepal Borderland, 1780-1930 Catherine Warner Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Dr. Anand Yang International Studies and History This dissertation analyzes the creation of the India-Nepal borderland and changing terms of sovereignty, subjectivity and political belonging from the margins of empire in South Asia from 1780 to 1930. I focus on particular instances of border crossing in each chapter, beginning with the exile of deposed sovereigns of small states that spanned the interface of the lower Himalayan foothills and Gangetic plains in the late eighteenth century. The flight of exiled sovereigns and the varied terms of their resettlement around the border region—a process spread over several decades—proved as significant in defining the new borderland between the East India Company and Nepal as the treaty penned after the Anglo-Nepal War of 1814 to 1816. Subsequent chapters consider cross-border movements of bandits, shifting cultivators, soldiers, gendered subjects, laborers, and, later, a developing professional class who became early Nepali nationalist spokesmen. Given that the India-Nepal border remained open without a significant military presence throughout the colonial and even into the contemporary period, I argue that ordinary people engaged with and shaped forms of political belonging and subject status through the always present option of mobility. -
Magnetostratigraphy, Topography and Geology of the Nepal
MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF THE NEPAL HIMALAYA: A GIS AND PALEOMAGNETIC APPROACH by Tank Prasad Ojha _________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2009 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Tank Prasad Ojha entitled Magnetostratigraphy, Topography and Geology of the Nepal Himalaya: A GIS and Paleomagnetic Approach and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ______________________________________________ Date: April 27, 2009 Peter G. DeCelles ______________________________________________ Date: April 27, 2009 Jay Quade ______________________________________________ Date: April 27, 2009 Craig Wissler ______________________________________________ Date: April 27, 2009 George E. Gehrels ______________________________________________ Date: April 27, 2009 Paul Kapp Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ______________________________________________ Date: April 27, 2009 Dissertation Director: Peter G. DeCelles 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. -
Material Culture As Proxy for Language: the Himalayan Evidence*
Material culture as proxy for language: the Himalayan evidence* Maheshwar P. Joshi (Doon Library and Research Centre, Dehradun,Uttarakhand, India)** Words in a language are of course symbols, but material things also serve in symbolic roles. Humans, it is said, live in a forest of symbols, and to un- derstand what makes humans tick, it is necessary to consider how those symbols work. That leads us on to a relatively new field in the study of prehistory — cognitive archaeology — that is still in early development (Renfrew 2008: 67). 1. Introduction tudying material culture as proxy for language involves cog- nitive archaeology a relatively young discipline. There are S several competing theories of language cognition, among which the modular and non-modular ones have gained wide curren- cy. The modular theory posits language as a genetically endowed, biological system, i.e., the faculty of language is innate (see, Chomsky 2006). According to the non-modular theory it is behavioural there- fore learned (see, Lieberman 2013: in passim; 2016; Bickerton 2009). There is no doubt that language is a very complex behaviour that involves the interweaving of many components. Since archaeological evidence is behavioural in nature, it can be invoked in studying lan- guage origin and evolution (see, Leroi-Gourhan 1993 [1964]; Isaac 1976). Stone tools fashioned by our remote ancestors are the earliest sur- viving components of material culture; therefore, our enquiry begins with the Lower Palaeolithic. The evolutionary typology in archaeo- logical record is defined in simplistic terms as Mode system of lithic technology (Clark 1977: 23-38, in passim, table 5).