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Lesson 3 Coaches and Wagons in This Chapter There Are More Details About the Coaches Used for Transport of Passengers and Wagons Used for Transport of Goods

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Lesson 3 Coaches and Wagons in This Chapter There Are More Details About the Coaches Used for Transport of Passengers and Wagons Used for Transport of Goods Lesson 3 Coaches and Wagons In this Chapter there are more details about the coaches used for transport of passengers and wagons used for transport of goods. 1. COACHING STOCK 1.1 There are different types of passenger coaches such as II class, I class, II sleeper, AC3 Tier, AC2 Tier and ACI Class. AC Chair Car, AC Executive Chair Car etc. 1.2 Indian Railways had in 2015-16 a stock of about 8805 EMU plus DMU Coaches and 53132 conventional coaches 6899 other Coaches with a total carrying capacity of about 53.75 lacs passengers. 1.3 Different designs of coaches. (i) Integral coaches built by Integral Coach Factory Perambur, Madras (I.C.F.) and Rail Coach Factory (RCF) at Kapurthala. (ii) Coaches built by Bharat Earth Movers Ltd. Bangalore (BEML). (iii) Wooden body coaches of Indian Railway Standard Design (IRS). (Now extinct) (iv) New Type of LHB high speed coaches built by Rail coach factory at Kapurthala plus ICF parambur. 1.4 Some of the salient features of these of coaches are given in table 3.1 Table 3.1: Salient feature of different coaches Item ICF LHB 1 Type of body Light metal body Light metal 2 Type of structure All metal all welded integral coach having Stainlass steel t tubular construction. 3 Coach dimension Overall width 3245 mm 3250 mm Overall Length 21337 mm 23540 mm Overall height 4025 mm 4250 mm 4. Damage during Less damage because of Very less collisions anti telescopic structure damage and derailments and the end wall absorbs shock. 5. Speed Potential 110 Kmph/140 Kmph 200 Kmph 1.5 Passenger comfort and safety are the key words in the design of coaching stock. Research, Design and Standard Organisation (R.D.S.O.) at Lucknow, Integral Coach Factory (I.C.F) at Chennai and Rail Coach Factory (R.C.F.) at Kapurthala are constantly engaged with the task of fulfilling these requirements.In the new second class coaches, seats have been specially designed for comfort providing more space including knee room per passenger, and these coaches have a more pleasant interior more number of fans and more spacious lavatories fitted with mirrors and wash-basins. Two-tier air-conditioned sleeper coaches with a capacity of 46 berths are replacing the first class coaches with a capacity of 24 berths. Double Decker coaches introduced on a limited scale on high density short distance routes have a seating capacity of 144 against 90 passengers in a conventional coach. Latest to be introduced are 3-tier AC coaches with 64 berths. These are replacing A.C. Chair Cars in all long distance trains. High capacity Garib Rath 3 tier AC Coaches & AC Chair Cars have also been introduced. 1.6 Design Features of Modern ICF Coaching Stock 1.6.1 The need for carrying more passengers with greater comfort in every coach, the need for having more coaches in every train and the need to run these trains at progressively increasing speeds has necessitated modernisation of rolling stock. 1.6.2 The coaches manufactured by the Integral coach Factory at Chennai are of Integral design. The coach body is an all metal light weight, tubular structure. The trough under flooring, the sides and the roof are welded to form an integral unit. The floor consists of cross-beams, specially designed headstocks and sole bars etc. which are all welded together. Under the cross-beams runs the steel trough flooring welded to the head stocks and sole bars. The advantage is that a trough section can withstand greater longitudinal loads and still helps to keep the weight down. The curved body of the coach is designed to absorb heavy impact shocks. Further, at the ends, the under flooring is designed to be collapsible so that in case of accidents, the maximum energy of the impact is absorbed there. The tubular structure ensures that the coach does not collapse inwards. Maximum passenger safety is thus, ensured against heavy impacts. The ICF coaches are therefore, called “Anti telescopic”. 1.6.3 Like the coach body, the I.C.F. bogie is also of all welded light weight design with 2396mm rigid wheel base running one roller bearings mounted in pendulum type axle boxes. The axle box guides are fitted with dash pots to damp high frequency vertical vibrations and shock absorbers absorb low frequency vibration. All these fittings and all coiled spring design of the bogies ensures very smooth riding of coach. Lateral shock absorbers absorb lateral shocks. All these fittings and all coiled spring design of the bogies ensures very smooth riding of the coach. (Fig. 3.4) 1.6.4 A new factory RCF-Rail Coach Factory to produce modern coaches has been established at Kapurthala. At present, RCF is manufacturing coaches to ICF Designs and in agreement for TOT (Transfer of Technology) signed with Foreign Manufacturers (LHB- ALSTOM) to undertake manufacturing Modern Light Weight air-conditioned High Speed (with a speed potential of 200kms) stock, new LHB Coaches & hybrid Coaches are also being manufactured at RCF. A third Coach manufacturing unit is also coming up at Rae Barielly. 1.7 Design Features of Modern LHB Coaching Stock Till recently, Indian Railways have been transporting passenger traffic mainly through coaches of ICF design. These type of coaches are having limitations in terms of speed potential and riding comfort. To overcome these limitations, Indian Railways entered into supply and technology transfer contracts with M/s. ALSTOM LHB/Germany and the bogies for these coaches manufactured by M/s. FIAT/SIG Switzerland. These coaches were commissioned in India in the year 2001. These type of coaches are far superior w.r.t. passenger comfort, safety, speed, corrosion, maintenance and aesthetics. These coaches are also longer as compared to ICF design resulting into more carrying capacity. The expected benefits from these type of coaches are as under:- i Higher carrying capacity - These coaches are about 2 meters longer than ICF coaches. With this extra length one additional bay in sleeper coaches can be accommodated. ii The weight of LHB coach is lesser as compared to ICF design coaches. LHB coach can accommodate 72 passengers as compared to 64 in conventional AC III Tier Coach. Thus giving better pay to tare ratio. iii Low corrosion – There will be low corrosion of LHB coaches due to extensive usage of Stainless Steel and better design and manufacturing techniques. iv Low Maintenance – Replacement and removal of sub-systems will be required only after one million kilometers. v LHB Coaches have aesthetically superior interiors with (screw less) FRP panels for side wall and roof. They can be removed easily for maintenance, resist water seepage and are wear resistant; vi. Better passenger comfort: Better Riding Index has been specified as compared to conventional ICF coaches. Ride index is parameter vii. Fitted with Axle Mounted Disc Brakes with Wheel Slide Protection Device and Brake accelerator for early and effective brake application & release to maintain the speed potential of the train. viii. Coaches are fitted with Controlled Discharge Toilet System (CDTS) – eco-friendly toilets to maintain hygiene in coaches and stations as well. ix. LHB coach offers better passenger safety due to: Use of fire retardant materials for furnishing. Provision of emergency open able windows Large Windows with good visibility Insulation against noise. Vertically interlocked Centre Buffer Couplers. More space for pantry; Inter-gangway (vestibule fall plate) provided with safety lock to prevent trespassing from outside. 1.8 Important features of LHB coaches which make them superior to existing ICF design coaches are summarized below. 1.8.1 Coach Body LHB coach is light weight construction and is about 10 percent less as compared to the conventional coach resulting into lower haulage cost. Each vehicle is equipped with complete pantry to store hot meals and cold beverages. 1.8.2 Heat and Sound Insulation Heat insulation of the floor, side walls lower area and end walls with Resonaflex insulating mats. Noise level inside coach is limited to 60 DB. 1.8.3 Sealed Window Glass Unit i. Emergency openable window: 4 per coach ii. Hopper type windows for lavatory: 4 per coach 1.8.4 Composite Wood Flooring Panels. Flooring panels are lightweight, strong, warp resistant and also resistant to vibration/impact forces. These boards are specially treated for fire resistance. These are also resistant to moisture, cigarette burns, staining, ageing, etc. 1.8.5 Berths / Seats : There are 24 berths in First AC, 52 berths in AC 2 tier and 72 berths in AC 3 tier. 1.8.6 Passenger Emergency Alarm : The Passenger emergency alarm is provided at each bay in the coach. 1.8.7 Fiat – Bogie: The FIAT bogie is an adoption of EUROFIMA design. Bogie is designed for maximum operating speed of 160 kmph and has potential for operation upto 200 kmph. 1.8.8 Dampers : Hydraulic shock absorbers to damp the accelerations caused due to track irregularities and opposing force depending on the speed of the movement. 1.8.9 Center Buffer Coupler Couplers are AAR-H type and have ant climbing features because of vertical interlocking. Couplers have adequate strength for: Satisfactory hauling of a train of 26 coaches at 110 kmph Satisfactory hauling of a train of 18 coaches at 160 kmph The draw gear ensures cushioning effective in both buff and draft. 1.8.10 Lavatories : LHB coaches are fitted with controlled discharge toilet units to avoid soiling of track in station and inhabited areas. The toilet system is designed to operate with a pressurized water bowl wash that covers 100% of the toilet bowl area.
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