DOCSLIB.ORG

Psammechinus Miliaris (P.L.S. Müller, 1771)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Psammechinus Miliaris (P.L.S. Müller, 1771) Psammechinus miliaris (P.L.S. Müller, 1771) AphiaID: 124319 OURIÇO-DO-MAR-VERDE Animalia (Reino) > Echinodermata (Filo) > Echinozoa (Subfilo) > Echinoidea (Classe) > Euechinoidea (Subclasse) > Carinacea (Infraclasse) > Echinacea (Superordem) > Camarodonta (Ordem) > Echinidea (Infraordem) > Parechinidae (Familia) © Vasco Ferreira - OMARE - Observatório Marinho de Esposende / Out. 06 © Vasco Ferreira - OMARE - Observatório Marinho de Esposende / Out. 05 2017 2017 Karls Van Ginderdeuren v_s_ - iNaturalist.org Facilmente confundível com: 1 Sphaerechinus Echinus esculentus granularis Ouriço-do-mar Ouriço-do-mar Strongylocentrotus Paracentrotus lividus droebachiensis Ouriço-do-mar . Sinónimos Echinus (Psammechinus) korenii Desor in L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846 Echinus basteri Gmelin, 1791 Echinus miliaris P.L.S. Müller, 1771 Echinus pustulatus L. Agassiz, 1841 Echinus virens Düben & Koren, 1844 Parechinus miliaris (P.L.S. Müller, 1771) Parechinus miliaris Mortensen, 1903 Psammechinus korenii Desor in L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846 Psammechinus pustulatus (L. Agassiz, 1841) Referências additional source Massin, C.; Norro, A.; Mallefet, J. (2002). Biodiversity of a wreck from the Belgian Continental Shelf: monitoring using scientific diving. Preliminary results. Bull. IRSNB (Biologie) 72, pp 67-72. [details] basis of record Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,. 50: pp. 336-351. [details] redescription Mortensen, T. (1943). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III, 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidæ, Strongylocentrotidæ, Parasaleniidæ, Echinometridæ. 446 pp., C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen. [details] additional source Southward, E.C.; Campbell, A.C. (2006). [Echinoderms: keys and notes for the identification of British species]. Synopses of the British fauna (new series), 56. Field Studies Council: 2 Shrewsbury, UK. ISBN 1-85153-269-2. 272 pp. [details] additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details] additional source Dyntaxa. (2013). Swedish Taxonomic Database. Accessed at www.dyntaxa.se [15-01-2013]., available online at http://www.dyntaxa.se [details] original description Knorr, G. W. & Müller, P. L. S. (1766). Deliciae naturae selectae oder auserlesenes Naturalien-Cabinet, welches aus den drey Reichen der Natur zeiget, was von curiösen Liebhabern aufbehalten und gesammlet zu werden verdienet. Matthäus Berdier de la Blaquiere, Nürnberg. viii+132 pp., available online at http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/img/?PPN=PPN618100563&DMDID=DMDLOG_0009&LOGID =LOG_0014&PHYSID=PHYS_0132 [details] context source (Schelde) Maris, T.; Beauchard, O.; Van Damme, S.; Van den Bergh, E.; Wijnhoven, S.; Meire, P. (2013). Referentiematrices en Ecotoopoppervlaktes Annex bij de Evaluatiemethodiek Schelde-estuarium Studie naar “Ecotoopoppervlaktes en intactness index”. Monitor Taskforce Publication Series, 2013-01. NIOZ: Yerseke. 35 pp.[details] context source (BeRMS 2020) Marine Biology Section, Ugent. Belgium. INRAM. Benthic fauna monitoring- SSD – Belgian Science Policy., available online at http://www.vliz.be/projects/inram/imers.php. [details] additional source Massin, C.; Norro, A.; Mallefet, J. (2002). Biodiversity of a wreck from the Belgian Continental Shelf: monitoring using scientific diving. Preliminary results. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (Biologie). 72: 67-72. [details] additional source Southward, E.C.; Campbell, A.C. (2006). [Echinoderms: keys and notes for the identification of British species]. Synopses of the British fauna (new series), 56. Field Studies Council: Shrewsbury, UK. ISBN 1-85153-269-2. 272 pp. [details] Última atualização: 03 Jun. 2019 3.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phd Lamprianidou Fani 2
    DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR EVALUATING AND OPTIMIZING THE PERFORMANCE OF INTEGRATED MULTITROPHIC AQUACULTURE (IMTA) SYSTEMS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by FANI LAMPRIANIDOU UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING, INSTITUTE OF AQUACULTURE NOVEMBER 2015 In loving memory of Herta 2 ABSTRACT Earth’s population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050. Ensuring food security for the growing world population is one of today’s society’s major challenges and responsibilities. Aquatic products have the potential to contribute significantly in the growing population’s dietary requirements. Since increasing the pressure on most natural fish stocks is now widely agreed not to be an option, the aquaculture sector needs to grow. The challenge is to increase aquaculture production without depleting natural resources or damaging the environment but also in a financially sustainable way. Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA) is one method of sustainable aquatic production. Integrating bioremediatory organisms that extract particulate organic matter or dissolved inorganic nutrients with monocultures of fed species has the potential of reducing the particulate and soluble waste loads from effluents, whilst producing a low-input protein source that may also increase the farm income. IMTA is a viable solution for mitigating the environmental impact of waste released from fish farms. The fish waste is exploited as a food source for lower trophic, extractive organisms giving an added value to the investment in feed. Studies up to now have shown that under experimental conditions as well as in small-scale commercial studies, various filter-feeding, deposit-feeding and grazing species can ingest fish waste particles.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomics of the Globally Distributed Echinoid Genus Tripneustes
    GENOMICS OF THE GLOBALLY DISTRIBUTED ECHINOID GENUS Tripneustes A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MANOA¯ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ZOOLOGY (ECOLOGY,EVOLUTION,&CONSERVATION BIOLOGY) May 2018 BY Áki Jarl LÁRUSON DISSERTATION COMMITTEE: Floyd A. Reed, Chairperson Robert C. Thomson Robert J. Toonen Daniel Rubinoff David B. Carlon Keywords: Marine Invertebrate, Phylogenomics, Transcriptomics, Population Genomics © Copyright 2018 – Áki Jarl Láruson All rights reserved i DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my grandfather, Marteinn Jónsson (née Donald L. Martin). ii Acknowledgements Every step towards the completion of this dissertation has been made possible by more people than I could possibly recount. I am profoundly grateful to my teachers, in all their forms, and especially my undergraduate advisor, Dr. Sean Craig, of Humboldt State Uni- versity, for all the opportunities he afforded me in experiencing biological research. My dissertation committee deserves special mention, for perpetually affording me pressing encouragement, but also providing an attitude of support and positivity that has been formative beyond measure. My mentor and committee chair, Dr. Floyd Reed, has pro- vided me with perspectives, insights, and advise that I will carry with me for the rest of my life. My family, although far from the tropical shores of Hawai‘i, have been with me in so many ways throughout this endeavor, and I am so profoundly grateful for their love and support. iii Abstract Understanding genomic divergence can be a key to understanding population dynam- ics. As global climate change continues it becomes especially important to understand how and why populations form and dissipate, and how they may be better protected.
    [Show full text]
  • Metallothionein Gene Family in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus Lividus: Gene Structure, Differential Expression and Phylogenetic Analysis
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Metallothionein Gene Family in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Gene Structure, Differential Expression and Phylogenetic Analysis Maria Antonietta Ragusa 1,*, Aldo Nicosia 2, Salvatore Costa 1, Angela Cuttitta 2 and Fabrizio Gianguzza 1 1 Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (F.G.) 2 Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Biotechnology, National Research Council-Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR) Detached Unit of Capo Granitola, Torretta Granitola, 91021 Trapani, Italy; [email protected] (A.N.); [email protected] (A.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-091-238-97401 Academic Editor: Masatoshi Maki Received: 6 March 2017; Accepted: 5 April 2017; Published: 12 April 2017 Abstract: Metallothioneins (MT) are small and cysteine-rich proteins that bind metal ions such as zinc, copper, cadmium, and nickel. In order to shed some light on MT gene structure and evolution, we cloned seven Paracentrotus lividus MT genes, comparing them to Echinodermata and Chordata genes. Moreover, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of 32 MTs from different classes of echinoderms and 13 MTs from the most ancient chordates, highlighting the relationships between them. Since MTs have multiple roles in the cells, we performed RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization experiments to understand better MT functions in sea urchin embryos. Results showed that the expression of MTs is regulated throughout development in a cell type-specific manner and in response to various metals. The MT7 transcript is expressed in all tissues, especially in the stomach and in the intestine of the larva, but it is less metal-responsive.
    [Show full text]
  • Variation in Growth Pattern in the Sand Dollar, Echinarachnius Parma, (Lamarck)
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Summer 1964 VARIATION IN GROWTH PATTERN IN THE SAND DOLLAR, ECHINARACHNIUS PARMA, (LAMARCK) PRASERT LOHAVANIJAYA University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation LOHAVANIJAYA, PRASERT, "VARIATION IN GROWTH PATTERN IN THE SAND DOLLAR, ECHINARACHNIUS PARMA, (LAMARCK)" (1964). Doctoral Dissertations. 2339. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2339 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 65-950 microfilmed exactly as received LOHAVANIJAYA, Prasert, 1935- VARIATION IN GROWTH PATTERN IN THE SAND DOLLAR, ECHJNARACHNIUS PARMA, (LAMARCK). University of New Hampshire, Ph.D., 1964 Zoology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan VARIATION IN GROWTH PATTERN IN THE SAND DOLLAR, EC’HINARACHNIUS PARMA, (LAMARCK) BY PRASERT LOHAVANUAYA B. Sc. , (Honors), Chulalongkorn University, 1959 M.S., University of New Hampshire, 1961 A THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate School Department of Zoology June, 1964 This thesis has been examined and approved. May 2 2, 1 964. Date An Abstract of VARIATION IN GROWTH PATTERN IN THE SAND DOLLAR, ECHINARACHNIUS PARMA, (LAMARCK) This study deals with Echinarachnius parma, the common sand dollar of the New England coast. Some problems concerning taxonomy and classification of this species are considered.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Yellow Sea, Korea
    Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Vol. 29, No. 4: 312-315, October 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2013.29.4.312 Short communication A New Record of Sea Urchin (Echinoidea: Stomopneustoida: Glyptocidaridae) from the Yellow Sea, Korea Taekjun Lee1, Sook Shin2,* 1College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea 2Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Korea ABSTRACT Sea urchins were collected from waters adjacent to Daludo Island and Mohang harbor in the Yellow Sea, and were identified into Glyptocidaris crenularis A. Agassiz, 1864, of the family Stomopneustidae within the order Stomopneustoida, based on morphological characteristics. This species has two unique morphological characteristics: the ambulacral plate is composed of three primary plates and two demi-plates, and a valve of globiferous pedicellaria consists of with a well-developed long terminal hook and a unique stalk equipped with one to six long lateral processes covering membranes, resembling fins. It is newly recorded in Korea and is described with photographs. This brings the total number of sea urchins reported from the Yellow Sea, Korea, to seven. Keywords: Glyptocidaris crenularis, sea urchin, taxonomy, morphology, Yellow Sea, Korea INTRODUCTION ethyl alcohol and their important morphological characters were photographed using a digital camera (D7000; Nikon, Sea urchins are familiar marine benthic species which are Tokyo, Japan), stereo- and light-microscopes (Nikon SMZ classified into two subclasses: Cidaroidea and Euechinoidea. 1000; Nikon Eclipse 80i) and scanning electron microscope Euechinoidea includes 11 orders (Kroh and Mooi, 2013). Of (JSM-6510; JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). The specimens were iden- them, the order Stomopneustoida comprises only two species tified on the basis of morphological chracters and described of two families: Glyptocidaris crenularis A.
    [Show full text]
  • Echinodermata: Echinoidea) Alexander Ziegler*1, Cornelius Faber2 and Thomas Bartolomaeus3
    Frontiers in Zoology BioMed Central Research Open Access Comparative morphology of the axial complex and interdependence of internal organ systems in sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) Alexander Ziegler*1, Cornelius Faber2 and Thomas Bartolomaeus3 Address: 1Institut für Immungenetik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany, 2Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Waldeyerstraße 1, 48149 Münster, Germany and 3Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Zooökologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany Email: Alexander Ziegler* - [email protected]; Cornelius Faber - [email protected]; Thomas Bartolomaeus - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 9 June 2009 Received: 4 December 2008 Accepted: 9 June 2009 Frontiers in Zoology 2009, 6:10 doi:10.1186/1742-9994-6-10 This article is available from: http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/6/1/10 © 2009 Ziegler et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: The axial complex of echinoderms (Echinodermata) is composed of various primary and secondary body cavities that interact with each other. In sea urchins (Echinoidea), structural differences of the axial complex in "regular" and irregular species have been observed, but the reasons underlying these differences are not fully understood. In addition, a better knowledge of axial complex diversity could not only be useful for phylogenetic inferences, but improve also an understanding of the function of this enigmatic structure.
    [Show full text]
  • Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups
    APPENDIX Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups Important fossil taxa are listed down to the lowest practical taxonomic level; in most cases, this will be the ordinal or subordinallevel. Abbreviated stratigraphic units in parentheses (e.g., UCamb-Ree) indicate maximum range known for the group; units followed by question marks are isolated occurrences followed generally by an interval with no known representatives. Taxa with ranges to "Ree" are extant. Data are extracted principally from Harland et al. (1967), Moore et al. (1956 et seq.), Sepkoski (1982), Romer (1966), Colbert (1980), Moy-Thomas and Miles (1971), Taylor (1981), and Brasier (1980). KINGDOM MONERA Class Ciliata (cont.) Order Spirotrichia (Tintinnida) (UOrd-Rec) DIVISION CYANOPHYTA ?Class [mertae sedis Order Chitinozoa (Proterozoic?, LOrd-UDev) Class Cyanophyceae Class Actinopoda Order Chroococcales (Archean-Rec) Subclass Radiolaria Order Nostocales (Archean-Ree) Order Polycystina Order Spongiostromales (Archean-Ree) Suborder Spumellaria (MCamb-Rec) Order Stigonematales (LDev-Rec) Suborder Nasselaria (Dev-Ree) Three minor orders KINGDOM ANIMALIA KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM PORIFERA PHYLUM PROTOZOA Class Hexactinellida Order Amphidiscophora (Miss-Ree) Class Rhizopodea Order Hexactinosida (MTrias-Rec) Order Foraminiferida* Order Lyssacinosida (LCamb-Rec) Suborder Allogromiina (UCamb-Ree) Order Lychniscosida (UTrias-Rec) Suborder Textulariina (LCamb-Ree) Class Demospongia Suborder Fusulinina (Ord-Perm) Order Monaxonida (MCamb-Ree) Suborder Miliolina (Sil-Ree) Order Lithistida
    [Show full text]
  • The Pelagic Propagule's Toolkit
    The pelagic propagule’s toolkit: An exploration of the morphology, swimming capacity and behaviour of marine invertebrate propagules by © Emaline M. Montgomery A Dissertation submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Biology, Department of Ocean Sciences, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland June 2017 St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador Abstract The pelagic propagules of benthic marine animals often exhibit behavioural responses to biotic and abiotic cues. These behaviours have implications for understanding the ecological trade-offs among complex developmental strategies in the marine environment, and have practical implications for population management and aquaculture. But the lack of life stage-specific data leaves critical questions unanswered, including: (1) Why are pelagic propagules so diverse in size, colour, and development mode; and (2) do certain combinations of traits yield propagules that are better adapted to survive in the plankton and under certain environments? My PhD research explores these questions by examining the variation in echinoderm propagule morphology, locomotion and behaviour during ontogeny, and in response to abiotic cues. Firstly, I examined how egg colour patterns of lecithotrophic echinoderms correlated with behavioural, morphological, geographic and phylogenetic variables. Overall, I found that eggs that developed externally (pelagic and externally-brooded eggs) had bright colours, compared
    [Show full text]
  • Spatio-Temporal Patterns Based on Demographic and Genetic Diversity of the Purple Sea Urchin Paracentrotus Lividus in the Area Around Corsica (Mediterranean Sea)
    Research Article Mediterranean Marine Science Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) and SCOPUS The journal is available online at http://www.medit-mar-sc.net DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.14184 Spatio-temporal patterns based on demographic and genetic diversity of the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in the area around Corsica (Mediterranean Sea) SOPHIE DUCHAUD1, 2, ERIC D. H. DURIEUX1, 2, STEPHANE COUPE3, VANINA PASQUALINI1, 2 and SONIA TERNENGO1, 2 1 Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences Pour l’Environnement, 20250 Corte, France 2 Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UMS CNRS 3514 Plateforme Marine Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia, France 3 Université Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, La Garde, France Corresponding author: [email protected] Handling Editor: Xavier Turon Received: 12 July 2017; Accepted: 12 September 2018; Published on line: 14 December 2018 Abstract Sea urchins were harvested for decades in many areas throughout its distribution range, potentially leading to population collapse. In France, the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus is intensively harvested. Yet, the demography and population dynamics remained under-documented, particularly in Corsica. In this context, we have characterized the fluctuations in density of several size classes at 8 sites around the island, and assessed the genetic diversity and structuring of the population. Densities recorded lie between 0 and 2.18 (± 0.41) individuals.m-2 and spatio-temporal variabilities have also been highlighted. The study of the influ- ence of vegetation cover on the size classes suggests that small- and medium- sized individuals prefer substrates of intermediate heights, whereas individuals with a diameter ≥ 5 cm are more often observed on encrusting substrates, and may be responsible for the continuation of this type of benthic community.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright© 2018 Mediterranean Marine Science
    Mediterranean Marine Science Vol. 19, 2018 Spatio-temporal patterns based on demographic and genetic diversity of the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in the area around Corsica (Mediterranean Sea) DUCHAUD SOPHIE Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences Pour l’Environnement, 20250 Corte, France Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UMS CNRS 3514 Plateforme Marine Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia DURIEUX ERIC Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences Pour l’Environnement, 20250 Corte Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UMS CNRS 3514 Plateforme Marine Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia COUPE STEPHANE Univ Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, La Garde PASQUALINI VANINA Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UMR CNRS 6134 Sciences Pour l’Environnement, 20250 Corte Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, UMS CNRS 3514 Plateforme Marine Stella Mare, 20620 Biguglia TERNENGO SONIA Univ Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, La Garde http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.14184 Copyright © 2018 Mediterranean Marine Science http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 03/10/2019 04:47:03 | To cite this article: DUCHAUD, S., DURIEUX, E., COUPE, S., PASQUALINI, V., & TERNENGO, S. (2018). Spatio-temporal patterns based on demographic and genetic diversity of the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in the area around Corsica (Mediterranean Sea). Mediterranean Marine Science, 19(3), 620-641. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.14184 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 03/10/2019 04:47:03 | Research Article Mediterranean Marine Science Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) and SCOPUS The journal is available online at http://www.medit-mar-sc.net DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.14184 Spatio-temporal patterns based on demographic and genetic diversity of the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in the area around Corsica (Mediterranean Sea) SOPHIE DUCHAUD1, 2, ERIC D.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogenomic Resolution of the Sea Urchin Tree of Life
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/430595; this version posted September 29, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. A phylogenomic resolution of the sea urchin tree of life Nicolás Mongiardino Koch ([email protected]) – Corresponding author Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven CT, USA Simon E. Coppard ([email protected]) Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton NY, USA. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Harilaos A. Lessios ([email protected]) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Derek E. G. Briggs ([email protected]) Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven CT, USA. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven CT, USA. Rich Mooi ([email protected]) Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco CA, USA. Greg W. Rouse ([email protected]) Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA. bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/430595; this version posted September 29, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Abstract Background: Echinoidea is a clade of marine animals including sea urchins, heart urchins, sand dollars and sea biscuits.
    [Show full text]
  • Tool Use by Four Species of Indo-Pacific Sea Urchins
    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article Tool Use by Four Species of Indo-Pacific Sea Urchins Glyn A. Barrett 1,2,* , Dominic Revell 2, Lucy Harding 2, Ian Mills 2, Axelle Jorcin 2 and Klaus M. Stiefel 2,3,4 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UR, UK 2 People and The Sea, Logon, Daanbantayan, Cebu 6000, Philippines; [email protected] (D.R.); lucy@peopleandthesea (L.H.); [email protected] (I.M.); [email protected] (A.J.); [email protected] (K.M.S.) 3 Neurolinx Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA 4 Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 5 February 2019; Accepted: 14 March 2019; Published: 18 March 2019 Abstract: We compared the covering behavior of four sea urchin species, Tripneustes gratilla, Pseudoboletia maculata, Toxopneustes pileolus, and Salmacis sphaeroides found in the waters of Malapascua Island, Cebu Province and Bolinao, Panagsinan Province, Philippines. Specifically, we measured the amount and type of covering material on each sea urchin, and in several cases, the recovery of debris material after stripping the animal of its cover. We found that Tripneustes gratilla and Salmacis sphaeroides have a higher affinity for plant material, especially seagrass, compared to Pseudoboletia maculata and Toxopneustes pileolus, which prefer to cover themselves with coral rubble and other calcified material. Only in Toxopneustes pileolus did we find a significant corresponding depth-dependent decrease in total cover area, confirming previous work that covering behavior serves as a protection mechanism against UV radiation. We found no dependence of particle size on either species or size of sea urchin, but we observed that larger sea urchins generally carried more and heavier debris.
    [Show full text]