Variation in Growth Pattern in the Sand Dollar, Echinarachnius Parma, (Lamarck)
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Echinoidea Clypeasteroidea
Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (2): 291–358 Analysis of some astriclypeids (Echinoidea Clypeast- eroida) Paolo Stara1* & Luigi Sanciu2 1Centro Studi di Storia Naturale del Mediterraneo - Museo di Storia Naturale Aquilegia, Via Italia 63, Pirri-Cagliari and Geomuseo Monte Arci, Masullas, Oristano, Sardinia, Italy; e-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author The systematic position of some astriclypeid species assigned through times to the genera Amphiope L. Agassiz, 1840 and Echinodiscus Leske, 1778 is reviewed based on the plating ABSTRACT pattern characteristics of these two genera universally accepted, and on the results of new studies. A partial re-arrangement of the family Astriclypeidae Stefanini, 1912 is herein pro- posed, with the institution of Sculpsitechinus n. g. and Paraamphiope n. g., both of them char- acterized by a peculiar plating-structure of the interambulacrum 5 and of the ambulacra I and V. Some species previously attributed to Amphiope and Echinodiscus are transferred into these two new genera. Two new species of Astriclypeidae are established: Echinodiscus andamanensis n. sp. and Paraamphiope raimondii n. sp. Neotypes are proposed for Echin- odiscus tenuissimus L. Agassiz, 1840 and E. auritus Leske, 1778, since these species were still poorly defined, due to the loss of the holotypes and, for E. auritus, also to the unclear geographical/stratigraphical information about the type-locality. A number of additional nom- inal fossil and extant species of "Echinodiscus" needs revision based on the same method. KEY WORDS Astriclypeidae; Amphiope; Paraamphiope; Echinodiscus; Sculpsitechinus; Oligo-Miocene. Received 28.02.2014; accepted 14.03.2014; printed 30.06.2014 Paolo Stara (ed.). Studies on some astriclypeids (Echinoidea Clypeasteroida), pp. -
Final Thesis File (7.170Mb)
A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE TERTIARY ECHINOID GENUS MONOSTYCHIA Tony Sadler ORCID: 0000-0002-3406-8885 Submitted for the total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2020 School of Earth Sciences The University of Melbourne ABSTRACT For over 100 years the genus Monostychia (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida) and its type species M. australis Laube, 1869 have been a taxonomic home for a wide range of genera and species with the commonality of a rounded to pentagonal, discoidal test and a submarginal periproct. The specimens comprising this group are all extinct and from the Tertiary strata of southern Australia. While there have been a few minor species identified beyond M. australis, notably M. etheridgei Woods, 1877 and P. loveni (Duncan, 1877), it has been clear to many researchers that the variability remaining in M. australis was representative of numerous other taxa awaiting discovery. Recent taxonomic works on the Clypeasteroida suggested that the number of interambulacral plates on the oral surface of the test of some species was a useful diagnostic character. Of interest were the plates that first come into contact with the periproct. However, there appeared little evidence in the literature that it had been established that the number of such plates remained constant with test length and age, or that the variability in each taxon, of those plate numbers, has been determined. Without understanding those two issues the utility of plate numbers was questionable. This study set out to resolve some of those issues for Monostychia and its relatives. It was found that the number of interambulacral and ambulacral plates on the oral surface was fixed and did not change with increasing test length and therefore there was potential utility for plate numbers as a taxonomic tool. -
Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF THE U. S. FISH COMMISSION AT WOODS HOLE, MASSACHUSETTS. THE ECHINODERMS OE THE WOODS HOLE REGION. BY HUBERT LYMAN CLARK, Professor of Biology Olivet College .. , F. C. B. 1902—35 545 G’G-HTEMrS. Page. Echinoidea: Page. Introduction 547-550 Key to the species 562 Key to the classes 551 Arbacia punctlilata 563 Asteroidea: Strongylocentrotus drbbachiensis 563 Key to the species 552 Echinaiachnius parma 564 Asterias forbesi 552 Mellita pentapora 565 Asterias vulgaris 553 Holothurioidea: Asterias tenera 554 Key to the species 566 Asterias austera 555 Cucumaria frondosa 566 Cribrella sanguinolenta 555 Cucumaria plulcherrkna 567 Solaster endeca 556 Thyone briareus 567 Ophiuroidea: Thyone scabra 568 Key to the species 558 Thyone unisemita 569 Ophiura brevi&pina 558 Caudina arenata 569 Ophioglypha robusta 558 Trocliostoma oolitieum 570 Ophiopholis aculeata 559 Synapta inhaerens 571 Amphipholi.s squamata 560 Synapta roseola 571 _ Gorgonocephalus agassizii , 561 Bibliography 572-574 546 THE ECHINODERMS OF THE WOODS HOLE REGION. By HUBERT LYMAN CLARK, Professor of Biology , Olivet College. As used in this report, the Woods Hole region includes that part of I he New England coast easily accessible in one-day excursions by steamer from the U. S. Fish Commission station at Woods Hole, Mass. The northern point of Cape Cod is the limit in one direction, and New London, Conn., is the opposite extreme. Seaward the region would naturally extend to about the 100- fathom line, but for the purposes of this report the 50-fathom line has been taken as the limit, the reason for this being that as the Gulf Stream is approached we meet with an echinodcrm fauna so totally different from that along shore that the two have little in common. -
Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)
Zootaxa 3857 (4): 501–526 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:76021E0C-7542-455B-82F4-C670A3DC8806 Phylogenetic re-evaluation of fossil and extant micro-echinoids with revision of Tridium, Cyamidia, and Lenicyamidia (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida) RICH MOOI1, ANDREAS KROH2,4 & DINESH K. SRIVASTAVA3 1Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: [email protected] 3Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author Abstract Tridium kieri Tandon & Srivastava, 1980, a clypeasteroid micro-echinoid from the Middle Eocene of Kachchh, India, has an apical system with just 3 gonopores. This condition is otherwise almost unknown among clypeasteroids, yet the mor- phology of Tridium is very similar to that of extant Fibularia, including members of another relatively poorly known ge- nus from the Indian subcontinent and Western Australia, Cyamidia Lambert & Thiéry, 1914. Re-examination of the type and additional material of T. kieri and Cyamidia paucipora Brunnschweiler, 1962, along with specimens identified as C. nummulitica nummulitica (Duncan & Sladen, 1884), allows for redescription of these forms. For the first time, maps of coronal plate architecture of Tridium and Cyamidia are developed, and SEM images of test surface details of the former are provided. -
Preliminary Mass-Balance Food Web Model of the Eastern Chukchi Sea
NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-262 Preliminary Mass-balance Food Web Model of the Eastern Chukchi Sea by G. A. Whitehouse U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center December 2013 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest Fisheries Center. The NMFS-NWFSC series is currently used by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This document should be cited as follows: Whitehouse, G. A. 2013. A preliminary mass-balance food web model of the eastern Chukchi Sea. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-262, 162 p. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-262 Preliminary Mass-balance Food Web Model of the Eastern Chukchi Sea by G. A. Whitehouse1,2 1Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. Seattle WA 98115 2Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean University of Washington Box 354925 Seattle WA 98195 www.afsc.noaa.gov U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Penny. S. Pritzker, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. -
Fertilization Selection on Egg and Jelly-Coat Size in the Sand Dollar Dendraster Excentricus
Evolution, 55(12), 2001, pp. 2479±2483 FERTILIZATION SELECTION ON EGG AND JELLY-COAT SIZE IN THE SAND DOLLAR DENDRASTER EXCENTRICUS DON R. LEVITAN1,2 AND STACEY D. IRVINE2 1Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-1100 2Bam®eld Marine Station, Bam®eld, British Columbia VOR 1B0, Canada Abstract. Organisms with external fertilization are often sperm limited, and in echinoids, larger eggs have a higher probability of fertilization than smaller eggs. This difference is thought to be a result of the more frequent sperm- egg collisions experienced by larger targets. Here we report how two components of egg target size, the egg cell and jelly coat, contributed to fertilization success in a selection experiment. We used a cross-sectional analysis of correlated characters to estimate the selection gradients on egg and jelly-coat size in ®ve replicate male pairs of the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus. Results indicated that eggs with larger cells and jelly coats were preferentially fertilized under sperm limitation in the laboratory. The selection gradients were an average of 922% steeper for egg than for jelly- coat size. The standardized selection gradients for egg and jelly-coat size were similar. Our results suggest that fertilization selection can act on both egg-cell and jelly-coat size but that an increase in egg-cell volume is much more likely to increase fertilization success than an equal change in jelly-coat volume. The strengths of the selection gradients were inversely related to the correlation of egg traits across replicate egg clutches. This result suggests the importance of replication in studies of selection of correlated characters. -
Developmental Effects of Predator Cues on Dendraster Excentricus Larvae
Running head: Developmental Effects of Predator Cues on Dendraster excentricus Larvae Developmental Effects of Predator Cues on Dendraster excentricus Larvae: The Effects of Pugettia producta Effluent and Crustacean Dominant Plankton Effluent Claudia Mateo University of Washington Friday Harbor Laboratories Developmental Effects of Predator Cues on Dendraster excentricus Larvae Mateo 1 Abstract Previous findings supporting increased cloning in Dendraster excentricus (D. excentricus) larvae as a response to predator cues, in particular fish slime. Such findings report a “visual predator hypothesis”, suggesting that the larvae clone in order to become smaller and thereby avoid visual predators and possibly even non-visual predators. The experiment reported here builds upon earlier findings by studying the exposure of D. excentricus larvae to a kelp crab effluent (using Pugettia producta) and a crustacean dominant plankton effluent. Individual larvae were exposed to one of three treatments: the kelp crab effluent, plankton effluent, or filtered sea water, for approximately 66 hours. After this period, number of clones, number of larval arms, and the rudiment stage of each larvae was determined. Linear modeling showed significant results when comparing the kelp crab treatment to the control for cloning (p=0.024) and rudiment stage (p= 0.032); they also displayed significant differences for larval arm stage when comparing both the kelp crab effluent treatment (p= <0.001) and plankton effluent treatment (p= <0.001) to the control. These findings may support the visual predator theory, depending on whether D. excentricus larvae are able to differentiate predator cues, and, if so, to what specificity. Developmental Effects of Predator Cues on Dendraster excentricus Larvae Mateo 2 Introduction Dendraster excentricus (D. -
The Panamic Biota: Some Observations Prior to a Sea-Level Canal
Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington No. 2 THE PANAMIC BIOTA: SOME OBSERVATIONS PRIOR TO A SEA-LEVEL CANAL A Symposium Sponsored by The Biological Society of Washington The Conservation Foundation The National Museum of Natural History The Smithsonian Institution MEREDITH L. JONES, Editor September 28, 1972 CONTENTS Foreword The Editor - - - - - - - - - - Introduction Meredith L. Jones ____________ vi A Tribute to Waldo Lasalle Schmitt George A. Llano 1 Background for a New, Sea-Level, Panama Canal David Challinor - - - - - - - - - - - Observations on the Ecology of the Caribbean and Pacific Coasts of Panama - - - - Peter W. Glynn _ 13 Physical Characteristics of the Proposed Sea-Level Isthmian Canal John P. Sheffey - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31 Exchange of Water through the Proposed Sea-Level Canal at Panama Donald R. F. Harleman - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41 Biological Results of the University of Miami Deep-Sea Expeditions. 93. Comments Concerning the University of Miami's Marine Biological Survey Related to the Panamanian Sea-Level Canal Gilbert L. Voss - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49 Museums as Environmental Data Banks: Curatorial Problems Posed by an Extensive Biological Survey Richard S. Cowan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 59 A Review of the Marine Plants of Panama Sylvia A. Earle - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 69 Ecology and Species Diversity of -
Surat Thani Blue Swimming Crab Fishery Improvement Project
Surat Thani Blue Swimming Crab Fishery Improvement Project -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Milestone 33b: Final report of bycatch research Progress report: The study of fishery biology, socio-economic and ecosystem related to the restoration of Blue Swimming Crab following Fishery improvement program (FIP) in Bandon Bay, Surat Thani province. Amornsak Sawusdee1 (1) The Center of Academic Service, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 The results of observation of catching BSC by using collapsible crab trap and floating seine. According to the observation of aquatic animal which has been caught by main BSC fishing gears; floating seine and collapsible crab trap, there were 176 kind of aquatic animals. The catch aquatic animals are shown in the table1. In this study, aquatic animal was classified into 11 Groups; Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus Pelagicus), Coelenterata (coral animals, true jellies, sea anemones, sea pens), Helcionelloida (clam, bivalve, gastropod), Cephalopoda (sqiud, octopus), Chelicerata (horseshoe crab), Hoplocari(stomatopods), Decapod (shrimp), Anomura (hermit crab), Brachyura (crab), Echinoderm (sea cucambers, sea stars, sea urchins), Vertebrata (fish). Vertebrata was the main group that was captured by BSC fishing gears, more than 70 species. Next are Helcionelloida and Helcionelloida 38 species and 29 species respectively. The sample that has been classified were photographed and attached in appendix 1. However, some species were classified as unknow which are under the classification process and reconcile. There were 89 species that were captured by floating seine. The 3 main group that were captured by this fishing gear are Vertebrata (34 species), Brachyura (20 species) Helcionelloida and Echinoderm (10 Species). On the other hand, there were 129 species that were captured by collapsible crab trap. -
Kimberley Marine Biota. Historical Data: Echinoderms
RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 84 207–246 (2015) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.84.2015.207-246 SUPPLEMENT Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: echinoderms Alison Sampey1* and Loisette M. Marsh1 1 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia * Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT – Australian state museums contain extensive species data and can provide baseline biodiversity information for many areas. We collated the specimen records from the Kimberley region of Australia and found 382 shallow water (<30 m) echinoderm species, comparable to available estimates of species richness from adjacent regions such as the Pilbara, ‘Coral Triangle’ or Great Barrier Reef. We identify and discuss taxonomic and collecting gaps, cross shelf patterns in species richness and composition, biogeography, and suggest some areas for future research on echinoderms in the region. At most locations, echinoderms have been incompletely sampled and many taxonomic gaps are apparent. Sampling to date has focused on hard substrates, yet there are extensive soft sediment areas in the region. More collections have occurred at inshore reefs and islands, which are more numerous, than at offshore atolls. Cumulative species richness is higher inshore than offshore, but at most inshore locations species richness is lower than offshore. However, this is biased by more collections having occurred intertidally inshore compared to subtidally offshore and much remains to be discovered about the inshore subtidal echinoderm fauna. Five times more endemic species are recorded inshore than offshore, with conservation implications. Further work is needed to identify specimens in existing collections. KEYWORDS: natural history collections, species inventory, biodiversity, NW Australia, baseline INTRODUCTION taxa known from an area henceforth titled the Kimberley Project Area (Project Area). -
Echinodermata
Echinodermata Bruce A. Miller The phylum Echinodermata is a morphologically, ecologically, and taxonomically diverse group. Within the nearshore waters of the Pacific Northwest, representatives from all five major classes are found-the Asteroidea (sea stars), Echinoidea (sea urchins, sand dollars), Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), Ophiuroidea (brittle stars, basket stars), and Crinoidea (feather stars). Habitats of most groups range from intertidal to beyond the continental shelf; this discussion is limited to species found no deeper than the shelf break, generally less than 200 m depth and within 100 km of the coast. Reproduction and Development With some exceptions, sexes are separate in the Echinodermata and fertilization occurs externally. Intraovarian brooders such as Leptosynapta must fertilize internally. For most species reproduction occurs by free spawning; that is, males and females release gametes more or less simultaneously, and fertilization occurs in the water column. Some species employ a brooding strategy and do not have pelagic larvae. Species that brood are included in the list of species found in the coastal waters of the Pacific Northwest (Table 1) but are not included in the larval keys presented here. The larvae of echinoderms are morphologically and functionally diverse and have been the subject of numerous investigations on larval evolution (e.g., Emlet et al., 1987; Strathmann et al., 1992; Hart, 1995; McEdward and Jamies, 1996)and functional morphology (e.g., Strathmann, 1971,1974, 1975; McEdward, 1984,1986a,b; Hart and Strathmann, 1994). Larvae are generally divided into two forms defined by the source of nutrition during the larval stage. Planktotrophic larvae derive their energetic requirements from capture of particles, primarily algal cells, and in at least some forms by absorption of dissolved organic molecules. -
The Irregular Sea Urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)
Zoological Studies 39(3): 250-265 (2000) The Irregular Sea Urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from Taiwan, with Descriptions of Six New Records Shyh-Min Chao Division of Zoology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan 404, R.O.C. Tel: 886-4-3226940 ext. 502. Fax: 886-4-3232146. (Accepted March 27, 2000) Shyh-Min Chao (2000) The irregular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from Taiwan, with descriptions of six new records. Zoological Studies 39(3): 250-265. Taiwans irregular sea urchin fauna now comprises 19 valid species in 11 families. New records include Fibularia ovulum Lamarck (Fibulariidae), Astriclypeus manni Verrill (Astriclypeidae), Linopneustes sp. (Palaeopneustidae), Schizaster lacunosus (Linnaeus) (Schizasteridae), Brissus latecarinatus (Leske), and Rhynobrissus pyramidalis A. Agassiz (Brissidae). Species accounts and figures of 14 species collected by the author are presented. Key words: Sea urchins, Irregular urchins, Echinoderms, Taiwan, Taxonomy. Sea urchins may be either regular or irregular. Regular urchins have an almost spherical symmetry. Irregular urchins display varying degrees of bilateral symmetry. They are common macrobenthic organ- isms along the coasts of Taiwan. However, only a few papers dealing with them have been published (Tokunaga 1900, Ohshima 1927, Hayasaka 1948, Peng and Tiao 1971, Chen and Chang 1981, Shigei 1981, Wang 1984) on the ecology and systematics of these animals from the waters of Taiwan. The regu- lar sea urchins from Taiwan have been revised by Chen and Chang (1981). However, there has been no study of the irregular urchins from Taiwan since Hayasaka (1948) except for a new species, Tai- wanaster mai (now Sinaechinocyamus mai), de- scribed by Wang (1984).