Wiki Page Related to Species Information Including from D4.X.1 WP5: Citizen Science Initiative - Involving People in Ecosystems Restoration

Home , Anadara kagoshimensis, Branchiostomatidae, Carinacea, Donax trunculus, Dysidea, Hermodice

RECONNECT

Regional cooperation for the transnational ecosystem sustainable development Interreg V-B “Balkan-Mediterranean 2014-2020”

Deliverable 5.X.4

Wiki page related to species information including from D4.X.1 WP5: Citizen science Initiative - Involving people in ecosystems restoration

Responsible Partner: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus

Deliverable team: DBS-UCY (AP Marine Ltd & G.E GEOMETRIKI LTD) HCMR, IBER-BAS

June, 2020

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 1

DOCUMENT DATA

Title Wiki page related to species information including from D4.X.1 Authors Yiota Lazarou1, Antonis Petrou2, George Othonos3, Soteria- Irene Hadjieftychiou2, Evi Geka3, Thanasis Mantes3, Dimitar Berov4, Stefania Klayn4, Christina Pavloudi5, Giorgos Chatzigeogriou5, Pavlos Diplaros1, Spyros Sfenthourakis1, Christos Arvanitidis5 Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences of the University of Cyprus1, AP Marine Environmental Consultancy Ltd 2, G.E GEOMETRIKI LTD3, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research4, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research5 Point of Contact Yiota Lazarou

Note: AP Marine Environmental Consultancy Ltd and G.E GEOMETRIKI LTD are the External Experts of DBS-UCY for project RECONNECT

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CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 5 1.1 Deliverable’s objective ...... 5 2. INFORMATION COLLECTED FOR THE WIKI PAGES ...... 6 2.1 Agelas oroides (Schmidt, 1864) ...... 7 2.2 Alosa immaculata Bennett, 1835 ...... 9 2.3 Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) ...... 11 2.4 Arca noae Linnaeus, 1758 ...... 13 2.5 Beroe ovata Bruguière, 1789 ...... 16 2.6 Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas, 1774) ...... 18 2.7 Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) ...... 20 2.8 Chamelea gallina (Linnaeus, 1758) ...... 25 2.9 Chromis chromis (Linnaeus, 1758) ...... 30 2.10 Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh, 1820 ...... 33 2.11 Cystoseira bosphorica Sauvageau, 1912 ...... 35 2.12 Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) ...... 38 2.13 Donax trunculus Linnaeus, 1758 ...... 41 2.14 Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1814) ...... 44 2.15 Eriphia verrucosa (Forskål, 1775) ...... 46 2.16 Fistularia commersonii Rüppell, 1838...... 49 2.17 Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson, 1867 ...... 52 2.18 Hermodice carunculata (Pallas, 1766) ...... 55 2.19 Holothuria poli Delle Chiaje, 1824 ...... 58 2.20 Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) ...... 61 2.21 Lithophaga lithophaga (Linnaeus, 1758) ...... 63 2.22 Loripes orbiculatus Poli, 1795 ...... 66 2.23 Melinna palmata Grube, 1870 ...... 68 2.24 Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 ...... 70 2.25 Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779) ...... 72 2.26 Mullus barbatus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758...... 75 2.27 Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758 ...... 78 2.28 Mytilaster lineatus (Gmelin, 1791) ...... 81 2.29 Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 ...... 83 2.30 Ophidiaster ophidianus (Lamarck, 1816) ...... 86 2.31 Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) ...... 89 2.32 Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)...... 92 2.33 Phyllophora crispa (Hudson) P.S.Dixon, 1964 ...... 95 2.34 Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758 ...... 98 2.35 Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766) ...... 101 2.36 Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile, 1813 ...... 104 2.37 Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828) ...... 107 2.38 Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) ...... 110 2.39 Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) ...... 112 2.40 Sepia officinalis Linnaeus, 1758 ...... 115 2.41 Sphaerechinus granularis (Lamarck, 1816) ...... 118 2.42 Spongia (Spongia) officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 ...... 121 2.43 Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758) ...... 124

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2.44 Torquigener flavimaculosus Hardy & Randall, 1983 ...... 126 2.45 Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) ...... 129 2.46 Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) ...... 132 2.47 Ulva rigida C.Agardh, 1823 ...... 135 2.48 Upogebia pusilla (Petagna, 1792) ...... 137 2.49 Zostera marina Linnaeus, 1753 ...... 140 2.50 Zostera noltei Hornemann, 1832 ...... 144 3. DEVELOPMENT OF WIKI PAGES ...... 147 3.1 Structure of Wiki Pages ...... 147 3.2 Data entry process for each species ...... 147 3.2.1 Name Section ...... 147 3.2.2 Taxonavigation Section ...... 148 3.2.3 References Section ...... 149 3.2.4 Vernacular names section ...... 150 3.3 Uploading Photos section ...... 151 4. WIKI PAGES CREATED FOR EACH SPECIES ...... 157

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Deliverable’s objective The aim of this deliverable is the creation of wiki-pages for specific species which were selected by all partners, as the 50 most important key species of the pilot sites in Cyprus, Greece, Bulgaria and Albania. Information regarding the taxonomy, scientific and vernacular names, as well as references were collected for each species. The aforementioned information was collected after the completion of a series of searches for other species in Wiki Species page, where it was identified that the most important documented data were for the categories mentioned above. Wikispecies is a free species directory closely related to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. It is being written collaboratively by its readers.

AP Marine Ltd was responsible for collecting all the information which would be included in the Wikispecies pages and G.E. Geometriki Ltd had the responsibility of developing those pages, or in the case they were already created, to update their content. The Department of Biological Sciences of the University of Cyprus proceeded to cross- checking all the information collected by AP Marine Ltd and then delivered to G.E. Geometriki Ltd a word file containing the Taxonomy, Vernaculars names, References and Photos for the 50 most important key species of the pilot sites in Cyprus, Greece, Bulgaria and Albania. The Hellenic Centre for Marine Research HCMR (DFMR) provided G.E. Geometriki with a username account (reconnectbalkan) from wiki species admin page for data entry. Following the instructions from the wiki species help page, G.E. Geometriki started the file format conversion and the data process for each species, as will be described below. The Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research provided feedback and some pictures for a number of species.

The copyrights for most photos used in the following wiki pages belong to AP Marine Environmental Consultancy Ltd, as well as to the company’s employees and collaborators. For all the used photos a consent document was signed by the pictures’ owners, allowing RECONNECT project to use them for the wiki pages, based on CC-BY- SA-4.0 copyright tag, under the Creative Commons license. This copyrights policy was also implemented for Dimitar Berov’s (IBER-BAS) and Melina Markou’s (DFMR) photos.

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2. INFORMATION COLLECTED FOR THE WIKI PAGES

Following the guidelines explained in Wikispecies, information was collected for the following: - Taxonavigation of the species, specifying the species name. - The most important references for the species, written according to the directory’s guidelines. - The vernacular names in a number of languages, specifying that only one name should be provided per language. - A photo for each species was also collected (when available). It’s important to mention that since Wikispecies is an open access directory, any user could change the pages created or modified by RECONNECT team, thus screenshots were taken to support the result of the completed work carried out by RECONNECT.

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2.1 Agelas oroides (Schmidt, 1864) Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera Class Demospongiae Subclass Heteroscleromorpha Vernaculars Order Agelasida Esponja taronja Catalan Family Agelasidae lobulada Genus Agelas English Orange crater sponge Species Agelas oroides German Zäher Orangefarbener

References • Schmidt, O. 1864. Supplement der Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Enthaltend die Histologie und systematische Ergänzungen. Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig. i- vi: 1-48, pls 1-4.

Link • Agelas oroides in the World Register of Marine Species

Image 1: Picture of Agelas oroides by Vasilis Andreou

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Image 2: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Agelas oroides which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Agelas_oroides

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2.2 Alosa immaculata Bennett, 1835 Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Gnathostomata Class Actinopterygii Order Clupeiformes Family Clupeidae Genus Alosa Species Alosa immaculata

Vernaculars Bulgarian Карагьоз English Pontic Shad French Alose de la Mer Noire German Schwarzmeer-Maifisch Italian Alosa pontica Lithuanian Pontinė perpelė Modern Greek Σαρδελομάνα Πόντου Polish Sledź czarnomorski Romanian Scrumbie de Dunare Russian Черноморско-азовская сельдь Slovenian Črnomorska čepa Spanish Sábalo del Mar Negro Turkish Tirsi Ukranian Чорноморсько-азовський оселедець

Link • Alosa immaculata in the World Register of Marine Species

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Image 3: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Alosa immaculata which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alosa_immaculata

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2.3 Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906)

Taxonomy Vernaculars Kingdom Animalia Japanese サルボウガイ Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Subclass Pteriomorphia Order Arcida Superfamily Arcoidea Family Arcidae Genus Anadara Species Anadara kagoshimensis

References • Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. 2012. Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. BioInvasions Records. 1: 235-245., available online at http://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu • Tokunaga, S. 1906. Fossils from the environs of Tôkyô. Journal of the College of Science, Tokyo Imperial University, 21, 1–96, 5 pls. Links • Anadara kagoshimensis in the World Register of Marine Species • Anadara kagoshimensis in the MolluscaBase

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Image 4: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Anadara kagoshimensis which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Anadara_kagoshimensis

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2.4 Arca noae Linnaeus, 1758

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Subclass Pteriomorphia Order Arcida Superfamily Arcoidea Family Arcidae Genus Arca Species Arca noae

Vernaculars Albanian Midhja varkë e noes Catalan Peu de cabrit English Noah's ark shell French Arche de Noe German Archenmuschel Italian arca di Noè Modern Greek Καλόγνωμη Polish Arka Noego Spanish Arca de Noé

Primary reference • LINNAEUS, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm. 824 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542 BHL Reference page.

Additional references • COEN G. 1929. Note malacologiche. 1 - Nuova varietà dell'Arca noae L.. Atti dell'Accademia Veneto-Trentino-Istriana 20: 133–137, pl. 5.

Link • Arca noae LINNAEUS, 1758 in the World Register of Marine Species

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Image 5: Photo of Arca noae taken by Kalia Aristidou

Image 6: Photo of Arca noae taken by Vasilis Andreou

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Image 7: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Arca noae which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Arca_noae

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2.5 Beroe ovata Bruguière, 1789

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Ctenophora Class Nuda Order Beroida Family Beroidae Genus Beroe Species Beroe ovata

Vernaculars English Ovate comb jelly German Mittelmeer-Melonenqualle Turkish Deniz anasi

Synonyms

• Beroe capensis CHAMISSO & EYSENHARDT, 1821 • Beroe clarkii (AGASSIZ, 1860) • Beroe punctata CHAMISSO & EYSENHARDT, 1821 • Beroe shakespeari BENHAM, 1907 • Idya mertensii MERTENS, 1833 • Idyiopsis affinis AGASSIZ, 1860

Primary reference BRUGUIERE, M. 1789–1791. Encyclopedie methodique. Histoire naturelle de Vers 1(1): 158–178. (French) BHL Reference page.

Additional References • Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). • KATSANEVAKIS, S., BOGUCARSKIS, K., GATTO, F., VANDEKERKHOVE, J., DERIU, I. & CARDOSO A.C. 2012. Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. BioInvasions Records 1: 235–245. DOI: 10.3391/bir.2012.1.4.01 Reference page. • VAN DER LAND, J. 2001. Ctenophora, in: COSTELLO, M.J. et al. (Ed.) 2001. European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: pp. 122–123.

Links • Beroe ovata in the World Register of Marine Species • Beroe ovata. SealifeBase.

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Image 8: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Beroe ovata which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Beroe_ovata

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2.6 Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas, 1774)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Cephalochordata Class Leptocardii Family Branchiostomatidae Genus Branchiostoma Species Branchiostoma lanceolatum

Vernaculars Catalan Cefalocordat Danish Lancetfisk Dutch Lancetvisje English Lancelet French Lancelet German Lanzettierchen Italian Branchiostoma Norwegian Bokmål Lansettfisk Norwegian Nynorsk Lansettfisk Polish Lancetnik Portuguese Cephalochordata Swedish Lansettfisk

Primary reference • Pallas, P. S. 1774. Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur cura P.S. Pallas. Berolini. Fasciculus 10, pp. 1–41, 4 plates., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88619#page/103/mode/1up

Additional reference • Van der Land, J. 2001. Cephalochordata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) 2001. European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357

Link • Branchiostoma lanceolatum in the World Register of Marine Species

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Image 9: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Branchiostoma lanceolatum which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Branchiostoma_lanceolatum

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2.7 Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Reptilia Order Testudines Suborder Cryptodira Superfamily Cheloniodea Family Cheloniidae Genus Caretta Species Caretta caretta

Vernaculars Albanian Breshka e detit Bulgarian Карета Danish Uægte karette Dutch Onechte karetschildpad English Loggerhead turtle French Tortue Caouanne German Unechte Karettschildkröte צב-ים חום Hebrew Italian Tartaruga marina Japanese アカウミガメ Lithuanian Kareta Modern Greek Καρέττα Norwegian Glattkarett Norwegian Bokmål Glattkarett Norwegian Nynorsk Glattkarett Polish Karetta Slovenian Glavata kareta Spanish Tortuga boba Turkish Iribaşlı deniz kaplumbağası морська черепаха Ukranian логгерхед Welsh Crwban môr pendew

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Primary reference LINNAEUS, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm. 824 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542 BHL Reference page. 1758. Syst. Nat. ed. 10 1:197

Additional reference • Environment Agency of Japan (eds.), 2000. Threatened Wildlife of Japan -Red Data Book 2nd ed.- Reptillia/Amphibia. ISBN4-915959-70-8. • HITCHMOUGH, R.A.; PATTERSON, G.K.; DAUGHERTY, C.H. (compilers) 2009. New Zealand living and recently extinct reptiles. p. 542 • KING, C.M., ROBERTS, C.D., BELL, B.D., FORDYCE, R.E., NICOLL, R.S., WORTHY, T.H., PAULIN, C.D., HITCHMOUGH, R.A., KEYES, I.W., BAKER, A.N., STEWART, A.L., HILLER, N., MCDOWALL, R.M., HOLDAWAY, R.N., MCPHEE, R.P., SCHWARZHANS, W.W., TENNYSON A.J.D., RUST, S. & MCCADIE, I. 2009. Phylum Chordata: lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. Pp. 431–551 in: GORDON, D.P. (ed.) 2009. New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume 1. Kingdom Animalia. Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, New Zealand. ISBN 978-1-877257-72-8 Reference page. • RAFINESQUE, C. S. 1814. Prodrono di erpetologia Siciliana. Specchio Sci. Giom. Encicloped. Sicilia, Palenno, 2(9): 65–67 • Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (RHODIN, A.G.J., IVERSON, J.B., BOUR, R., FRITZ, U., GEORGES, A., SHAFFER, H.B., and VAN DIJK, P.P.). 2017. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (8th Ed.). (ISBN: 978-1-5323-5026-9). Chelonian Research Monographs 7: 1–292. DOI: 10.3854/crm.7.checklist.atlas.v8.2017. . Full article (PDF). Reference page. • Van der Land, J. 2001. Tetrapoda, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 375-376

Links • Caretta caretta Report on ITIS • IUCN: Caretta caretta (Endangered) • Caretta caretta in the World Register of Marine Species

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Image 10: A photo of Caretta caretta taken by Louis Hadjioannou

Image 11: A photo of Caretta caretta taken by Louis Hadjioannou

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Image 12: A male Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Tag #552) returning to sea after rescuing from fishing nets at Toxeftra beach, Akamas, Cyprus. The photo was taken by Savvas Michaelides.

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Image 13: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Caretta caretta which can be found in the following link: https://species.w ikimedia.org/wiki /Caretta_caretta

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2.8 Chamelea gallina (Linnaeus, 1758)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Subclass Heterodonta Infraclass Euheterodonta Superorder Imparidentia Order Venerida Superfamily Veneroidea Family Veneridae Genus Chamelea Species Chamelea gallina

Vernaculars Albanian Venusi me shirita Catalan Rossellona Dutch Venusschelp English Striped venus French Vénus German Strahlige Venusmuschel Modern Greek Χάβαρο Spanish Chirla

Additional reference • Born, I. von. 1780. Testacea Musei Cæsarei Vindobonensis, quæ jussu Mariæ Theresiæ Augustæ disposuit et descripsit. - pp. I-XXXVI [= 1-13], 1-442, Tab. 1-18. Vindobonæ. • Bucquoy E., Dautzenberg P. & Dollfus G. 1887-1898. Les mollusques marins du Roussillon. Tome II. Pélécypodes. Paris, J.B. Baillière & fils 884 p., 99 pl. [pp. 1-24, pl. 1-6, november 1887; pp. 25-60, pl. 7-11, august 1888; pp. 61-112, pl. 12-21, may 1889; pp. 113-172, pl. 22-29, april 1890; pp. 173-220, pl. 30-37, april 1891; pp. 221-272, pl. 38-44, april 1892; pp. 273-320, pl. 45-51, may 1892; pp. 321-388, pl. 52-59, november 1893; pp. 389-450, pl. 60-67, december 1893; pp. 453-540,

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pl. 68-70, march 1895; pp. 541-620, pl. 79-88, april 1896; p. 621-690, pl. 89-95, march 1898; p. 693-884, pl. 96-99, october 1898]. • Dall, W. H. 1902. Synopsis of the family Veneridae and of the North American recent species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 26: 335-412 • Krynicki A.J. 1837. Conchylia tam terrestria, quam fluviatilia et e maribus adjacentibus Imperii Rossici indigena, quae pro mutua offeruntur historiae naturalis cultoribus commutatione. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 10(2): 50–64 • Locard A. 1891. Les coquilles marines des côtes de France. Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. 37: 1-385 [Published 31 October 1891 • Pallary P. 1900. Coquilles marines du littoral du départment d'Oran. Journal de Conchyliologie. 48(3): 211-422 • Siemaschko, J. v. 1847. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Konchyliens Russlands. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. 20(1): 93-131, pl. 1-3. • Statuti A. 1880. Sulla "Venus nucleus" Dorati. Atti dell'Accademia Pontificia de'Nuovi Lincei, 33: 245-249 [reprint p. 1-7], pl. 1

Link • Chamelea gallina in the World Register of Marine Species

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Image 14: A photo of Chamelea gallina taken by Kalia Aristidou.

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Image 115: A photo of Chamelea gallina taken by Kalia Aristidou.

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Image 16: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Chamelea gallina which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chamelea_gallina

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2.9 Chromis chromis (Linnaeus, 1758) Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Gnathostomata Superclass Pisces Class Actinopterygii Order Perciformes Suborder Labroidei Family Pomacentridae Genus Chromis Species Chromis chromis

Vernaculars Albanian Peshku gështenjë Modern Greek Καλογριά Chromis Catalan Tuta Polish kasztanowy Croatian Kaliger Portuguese Castanheta Dutch Zwaluwstaartvis Russian Ласточка English Damselfish Slovenian Ernik German Mönchsfisch Spanish Castañuela Swedish Munkfisk כרומית ים- תיכונית Herbrew Italian Monacella nira Turkish Papaz baligi Хроміс Maltese Kastajnola Ukranian звичайний

Primary reference • LINNAEUS, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 280. Additional references • ALLEN, G.R. 1991. Damselfishes of the world. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. 271 pp. • VAN DER LAND, J., COSTELLO, M.J., ZAVODNIK, D., SANTOS, R.S., PORTEIRO, F.M., BAILLY, N., ESCHMEYER, W.N. & FROESE, R. 2001. Pisces, in: COSTELLO, M.J. et al. (Ed.) 2001. European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357–374. Links • Chromis chromis in World Register of Marine Species • Chromis chromis in FishBase

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Image 17: A photo of many Chromis chromis taken by Vasilis Andreou

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Image 18: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Chromis chromis which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chromis_chromis

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2.10 Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh, 1820

Taxonomy Kingdom Chromista Subkingdom Harosa Infrakingdom Heterokonta Phylum Ochrophyta Subphylum Phaeista Superclass Fucistia Class Phaeophyceae Subclass Fucophycidae Order Fucales Family Sargassaceae Genus Cystoseira Species Cystoseira barbata

Vernaculars No vernaculars found

Primary reference • AGARDH, C.A. 1820 '1821'. Species algarum rite cognitae, cum synonymis, differentiis specificis et descriptionibus succinctis. Volumen primum. Pars prima. pp. [i–iv], [1]–168. Lundae [Lund]: ex officina Berlingiana. BHL Reference page. : 57

Additional reference • Guiry, M.D. (2001). Macroalgae of Rhodophycota, Phaeophycota, Chlorophycota, and two genera of Xanthophycota, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 20-38

Links • Cystoseira in AlgaeBase • Cystoseira barbata in the World Register of Marine Species

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Image 19: A photo of Cystoseira barbata taken by Sotirini Hadjieftychiou

Image 20: A photo of Cystoseira barbata taken by Dimitar Berov.

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Image 21: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Cystoseira barbata which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cystoseira_barbata

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2.11 Cystoseira bosphorica Sauvageau, 1912

Taxonomy Kingdom Chromista Subkingdom Harosa Infrakingdom Heterokonta Phylum Ochrophyta Subphylum Phaeista Infraphylum Limnista Superclass Fucistia Class Phaeophyceae Subclass Fucophycidae Order Fucales Family Sargassaceae Genus Cystoseira Species Cystoseira bosphorica

Vernaculars No vernaculars found

References • Berov, D., Ballesteros, E., Sales, M. & Verlaque, M. 2015. Reinstatement of species rank for Cystoseira bosphorica Sauvageau (Sargassaceae, Phaeophyceae). Cryptogamie Algologie 36(1): 65-80. • SAUVAGEAU, C. 1912. A propos des Cystoseira de Banyuls et Guéthary. Bulletin de la Station Biologique d'Arcachon 14: 133–556. BHL Reference page. : 413, 529

Links • Cystoseira bosphorica in AlgaeBase • Cystoseira bosphorica in the World Register of Marine Species

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Image 22: Photo of Cystoseira bosphorica taken by Dimitar Berov.

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 36

Image 23: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Cystoseira bosphorica, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cystoseira_bosphorica

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 37

2.12 Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Gnathostomata Superclass Pisces Class Actinopterygii Order Perciformes Suborder Percoidei Family Sparidae Genus Diplodus Species Diplodus vulgaris

Vernaculars Gemeiner Albanian Sargu me dy shirita të zi German Geißbrassen Catalan Variada Greek Αυλίας Corsican Cullarinu Italian Capàegnere Croatian Baraj Maltese Xirghien Danish Tobåndet havrude Polish Amarel English Blacktail bream Portuguese Choupa French Sar Romanian Sparos negru Russian Klyuvoryl Slovenia Fratrc Serbian sarag Spanish Mojarra Turkish Baltakaşkaragöz balığı

Primary references • BAUCHOT, M.-L. & DAGET, J. 1972. Catalogue critique des types de poissons du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. (Suite.) (Famille des Sparidae). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 3: Zoologie) No. 24 (Zoologie 18): 33–100. Reference page. [see pp. 69] • GEOFFROY ST. HILAIRE, E. 1817. Poissons du Nil, de la mer Rouge et de la Méditerranée. In: Description de l'Egypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expedition de l'Armée français, publié par les ordres de sa Majesté-L'Empereur Napoléon le Grand. (Imprimerie Impériale). Paris. Histoire Naturelle. 1(1). Pls. 18–27. Reference page. [see pp. 342, Pl. 18 (fig. 2)] • NARDO, G.D. 1827. Prodromus observationum et disquisitionum Adriaticae ichthyologiae. Giornale di fisica, chimica e storia naturale, medicina, ed arti (series 2) Dec. II, v. 10: 22–40. Reference page.

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• VALENCIENNES, A. 1930. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. Livre sixième. Partie I. Des Sparoïdes; Partie II. Des Ménides v. 6: i–xxiv + 6 pp. + 1–559, Pls. 141–169. BHL Reference page.

Additional reference • VAN DER LAND, J., COSTELLO, M.J., ZAVODNIK, D., SANTOS, R.S. PORTEIRO, F.M., BAILLY, N., ESCHMEYER, W.N. & FROESE, R. 2001. Pisces, in: COSTELLO, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357–374

Links • Sargus vulgaris in Catalog of Fishes, • Diplodus vulgaris in FishBase,

Image 24: Photo of Diplodus vulgaris taken by Vasilis Andreou

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 39

Image 25: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Diplodus vulgaris, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Diplodus_vulgaris

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2.13 Donax trunculus Linnaeus, 1758

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Subclass Heterodonta Infraclass Euheterodonta Superorder Imparidentia Order Cardiida Superfamily Tellinoidea Family Donacidae Genus Donax Species Donax trunculus

Vernaculars Albanian Midhja buzësharrë Dutch Stompje zaagje English Truncated wedge clam French Flion tronqué German Sägezahnmuschel Modern Greek Κίτρινο κοχύλι Spanish Coquina truncada Italian Calcinello

Additional reference • Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. 2001. Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 180-213

Links • Donax trunculus in World Register of Marine Species • Donax trunculus in MolluscaBase • Donax trunculus in SeaLifeBase

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Image 26: Photo of Donax trunculus taken by Kalia Aristidou

Image 27: Photo of Donax trunculus taken by Kalia Aristidou

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 42

Image 28: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Donax trunculus, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Donax_trunculus

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2.14 Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1814) Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera Class Demospongiae Subclass Keratosa Order Dictyoceratida Family Dysideidae Genus Dysidea Species Dysidea fragilis

Vernaculars English Goosebump sponge French Eponge mie de pan mouillée German Feiner Stachelschwamm Japanese ツチイロカイメン

Primary reference • MONTAGU, G. 1814. An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society 2(1): 67–122, pls. III–XVI. BHL Reference page.

Link • Dysidea fragilis in the World Register of Marine Species

Image 29: Photo of Dysidea fragilis taken by Vasilis Andreou

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Image 30: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Dysidea fragilis, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dysidea_fragilis

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2.15 Eriphia verrucosa (Forskål, 1775)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea Superclass Multicrustacea Class Malacostraca Subclass Eumalacostraca Superorder Eucarida Vernaculars Order Decapoda Albanian Gërthia me lythe Suborder Pleocyemata English Yellow crab Infraorder Brachyura Italienischer German Section Eubrachyura Taschenkrebs Subsection Heterotremata Modern Πετροκάβουρας Superfamily Eriphioidea Greek Family Eriphiidae Russian Каменный краб Genus Eriphia Turkish Pavurya Species Eriphia verrucosa Ukranian Краб кам’яний

Primary references • FORSSKÅL, P.S. 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Ex Officina Mölleri: Hauniae [=Copenhagen]. 1–20 + i–xxxiv + 1–164 + 1 map. BHL Reference page.

Additional references • DUMITRACHE, C. & KONSULOVA, T. Black Sea Red Data Book. United Nations Environment Programme. Archive.org • TÜRKAY, M. 2001. Decapoda, in: COSTELLO, M.J. et al. (Ed.) 2001. European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: 284–292. Reference page.

Links • Eriphia verrucosa in the World Register of Marine Species • Eriphia verrucosa Report on ITIS • Eriphia verrucosa (FORSSKÅL, 1775). SeaLifeBase.

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Image 31: Photo of Eriphia verrucose, near Padina pavonica, taken by Louis Hadjioannou.

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 47

Image 32: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Eriphia verrucosa, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Eriphia_verrucosa As you can see the photos of Eriphia verrucosa weren’t replaced with the one collected by RECONNECT partnership, since the initial photos displayed the species more clearly and in both sexes.

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2.16 Fistularia commersonii Rüppell, 1838

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Gnathostomata Superclass Pisces Class Actinopterygii Order Syngnathiformes Family Fistulariidae Genus Fistularia Species Fistularia commersonii

Vernaculars English Reef cornetfish חלילון חלק Hebrew Japanese アオヤガラ Modern Greek Φλογέρα Spanish Corneta pintada Turkish Comak baligi

Primary references • RÜPPELL, W.P.E.S. 1835–1838. Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. In: Fische des Rothen Meeres. SIEGMUND SCHMERBER, Frankfurt am Main. i–ii + 1–148, Pls. 1–33. [1835: 1–28, Pls. 1–7; 1836: 29– 52, Pls. 8–14; 1837: 53–80, Pls. 15–21; 1838 :81–148, Pls. 22–33.] BHL Reference page. [see 1–148, Pls. 1–33] • GÜNTHER, A. 1880. Report on the shore fishes procured during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger in the years 1873–1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76 under the command of Captain George S. Nares ... and the late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N. Zoology. 1(6): 1–82, , Pls. 1–32. BHL Reference page. [see 69, Pl. 32 (fig. D)]

Additional References • Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. 2012. Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. BioInvasions Records. 1: 235-245. • Streftaris, N.; Zenetos, A.; Papathanassiou, E. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review. 43: 419-453.

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Links • Fistularia commersonii Report on ITIS • Fistularia commersonii in the World Register of Marine Species • Fistularia commersonii in FishBase • Fistularia commersonii in Catalog of Fishes

Image 33: Photo of Fistularia commersonii taken by Vasilis Andreou

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Image 34: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Fistularia commersonii, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fistularia_commersonii

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2.17 Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson, 1867

Taxonomy Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom Viridiplantae Infrakingdom Streptophyta Phylum (Division) Tracheophyta Subphylum (subdivision) Spermatophytina Class Magnoliopsida Superorder Lilianae Order Alismatales Family Hydrocharitaceace Genus Halophila Species Halophila stipulacea

Vernaculars Arabic A'shab bahriya English Broadleaf seagrass

Primary references • ASCHERSON, P.F.A. 1867. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1867: 3. BHL

Additional Reference • Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. 2012. Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. BioInvasions Records. 1: 235-245. Links • Halophila stipulacea in the World Register of Marine Species • Halophila stipulacea in AlgaeBase

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Image 35: Photo of Halophila stipulacea taken by Louis Hadjioannou

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Image 36: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Halophila stipulacea, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Halophila_stipulacea

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2.18 Hermodice carunculata (Pallas, 1766)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Annelida Class Polychaeta Subclass Errantia Order Amphinomida Family Amphinomidae Subfamily Amphinominae Genus Hermodice Species Hermodice carunculata

Vernaculars Catalan Cuc de foc Dutch Brandworm English Green fireworm German Grüner Feuerwurm Italian Vermocane Spanish Gusano de fuego

References

• Baird, W. 1864. Description of a new species of Annelide belonging to the family Amphinomidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 24: 449-450 • Baird, W. 1868. Contributions towards a monograph of the species of annelides belonging to the Amphinomacea, with a list of the known species, and a description of several new species (belonging to the group) contained in the National Collection of the British Museum. To which is appended a short account of two hitherto nondescript annulose animals of a larval character. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology. 10: 215-250, plates IV-VI • Kinberg, J.G.H. 1867. Om Amphinomernas systematik. Öfversigt af Königlich Vetenskapsakademiens förhandlingar, Stockholm. 24(3): 83-91 • Seba, Albertus. (1734-1765 (v1 1734, v2 1735, v3 1759, v4 1765)). Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physiees historiam : Opus, cui, in hoc rerum genere, nullum par exstitit / Description exacte des principales curiosités naturelles du magnifique cabinet d'Albert Seba. 4 vols, Amstelaedami :Apud Janssonio-Waesbergios & J. Wetstenium & Gul. Smith,1734-65.

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Link • Hermodice carunculata in the World Register of Marine Species

Image 37: Photo of Hermodice carunculata taken by Vasilis Andreou.

Image 38: Photo of Hermodice carunculata taken by Melina Marcou

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Image 39: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Hermodice carunculata, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hermodice_carunculata

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2.19 Holothuria poli Delle Chiaje, 1824

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Echinodermata Subphylum Echinozoa Class Holothuroidea Order Holothuriida Family Holothuriidae Genus Holothuria Subgenus Holothuria (Roweothuria) Species Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli

Vernaculars Catalan Botifarra English White spot cucumber French Concombre de mer ensablé

Name Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli Delle Chiaje, 1824

Primary References • Della Chiaje, S, 1823. Descrizione zoologica ed anatomica di alcune specie di Oloturie. In: Memorie su la storia e notomia degli animali senza vertebre del Regno di Napoli. Volume 1 Fratelli Fernandes, Napoli. Pp. 77-116, pls. 6-8 • Delle Chiaje S. 1823-1831. Memorie sulla storia e notomia degli animali senza vertebre del regno di Napoli. Napoli: Fratelli Fernandes (vol. 1), and Società Tipografica (vol. 2-4). Vol. 1, pp. i-xii, 1-84 [1823], pp. 1-184 [1824]; vol. 2, pp. [1-4] + 185-224 [1825], pp. 225-444 [1826]; vol. 3, pp. i-xx, pp. 1-232 [1828]; vol. 4, pp. i-vii [1831], 1-116 [1830], pp. 117-214 [1831]; pl. 1-4; pl. 1-69 [date?], pl. 70-109 [1830]dates according to Sherborn, 1922

Additional Reference • Hansson, H.G. 2001. Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) 2001. European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: pp. 336-351

Link • Holothuria poli in the World Register of Marine Species

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Image 40: Photo of Holothuria poli taken by Vasilis Andreou.

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Image 41: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Holothuria poli, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Holothuria_poli

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2.20 Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Vernaculars Phylum Chordata English Silver-cheeked toadfish לגינון Subphylum Vertebrata Hebrew Superclass Gnathostomata Japanese センニンフグ Superclass Pisces Modern Class Actinopterygii greek Ασημένιος λαγοκέφαλος Order Tetraodontiformes Family Tetraodontidae Genus Lagocephalus Species Lagocephalus sceleratus

Primary Reference • Castelnau, F. L. 1861. Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe. Paris. i-vii + 1-78. Links • Lagocephalus sceleratus in the World Register of Marine Species • Lagocephalus sceleratus in FishBase

Image 42: Photo of Lagocephalus sceleratus taken by Carlos Jimenez.

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Image 43: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Lagocephalus sceleratus, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lagocephalus_sceleratus

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2.21 Lithophaga lithophaga (Linnaeus, 1758)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Subclass Pteriomorphia Order Mytilida Superfamily Mytiloidea Family Mytilidae Subfamily Lithophaginae Genus Lithophaga Species Lithophaga lithophaga

Vernaculars Albanian Midhja hurmë Lithuanian Akmengraužis Малък Bulgarian Modern Greek Χουρμάς каменопробивач Dutch Steenmossel Norwegian Daddelmusling European date English Russian камнеточец mussel Datte lithophage French Slovenian Morski datelj d'Europe German Steindattel Spanish Dátil de mar Yeşil ağaç Italian Dattero di mare Turkish salyangozu Ukranian Морський фінік

Primary Reference • LINNAEUS, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm. 824 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542 BHL Reference page.

Additional References • GOFAS, S., LE RENARD, J. & BOUCHET, P. 2001. Mollusca. In: COSTELLO, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels 50: 180–213. • MEDIN. 2011. UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN. version 1.0. • PALLARY, P. 1900. Coquilles marines du littoral du départment d'Oran. Journal de Conchyliologie 48(3): 211–422.

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• REQUIEN, E. 1848. Catalogue des Coquilles de l'Île de Corse. Seguin, Avignon v–xii, 13–109. • RÖDING, P.F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Fried. Bolten M. D. p. d. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia et multivalvia. • SALIS MARSCHLINS, C.U. VON 1793. Reisen in verschieden Provinzen den Königreischs Neapel. Zurich and Leipzig, Ziegler Vol. I: pp. 442 + 10 pl.

Links • Lithophaga lithophaga in the World Register of Marine Species

Image 44: Photo of Lithophaga lithophaga taken by Vasilis Andreou.

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Image 45: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Lithophaga lithophaga, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lithophaga_lithophaga

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2.22 Loripes orbiculatus Poli, 1795 Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Subclass Heterodonta Infraclass Euheterodonta Superorder Imparidentia Order Lucinida Superfamily Lucinoidea Family Lucinidae Subfamily Lucininae Genus Loripes Species Loripes orbiculatus

Vernaculars Dutch Melkwitte cirkelschelp

Primary references • POLI, J.X. 1791–1795. Testacea utriusque Siciliae eorumque historia et anatome tabulis aeneis illustrata. Ex Regio Typographeio, Parmae. Vol. 1: pp. i–lxxiii, [1–6], i–x, 1–90, 1–50, [1], 1–74, pls 1–18 [1791]; Vol. 2 [1795]: pp. i–xlix, [1–2], 75–264, pls 19–39. BHL

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Image 46: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Loripes orbiculatus, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Loripes_orbiculatus

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2.23 Melinna palmata Grube, 1870

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Annelida Class Polychaeta Subclass Sedentaria Infraclass Canalipalpata Order Terebellida Suborder Terebellomorpha Family Ampharetidae Subfamily Melinninae Genus Melinna Species Melinna palmata

Vernaculars No vernaculars found

Primary Reference • Grube, Adolf Eduard. 1870. Ueber seinen Aufenthalt in St. Malo, besonders über zwei noch nicht beschriebene Anneliden. [Also known as: 'Über zwei neue anneliden von St. Malo (Melinna palmata, Ereutho serrisetis)'.]. Jahres-Bericht der Schlesischen Gesellschaft für Vaterländische Cultur, Breslau. 47: 68-69., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177196#page/86/mode/1up

Image 47: Photo of Melinna palmata stained with rose bengal taken by the team of AP Marine Ltd.

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Image 48: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Melinna palmata, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Melinna_palmata

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2.24 Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865

Taxonomy Vernaculars Kingdom Animalia Danish Dræbergople Phylum Ctenophora Ducth Leidy's ribkwal Class Tentaculata English Warty comb jelly Order Lobata Finnish Amerikankampamaneetti Family Bolinopsidae Fench Cténophore américain Genus Mnemiopsis German Meerwalnuss Species Mnemiopsis leidyi Italian Noce di mare Swedish Amerikansk kammanet

Primary reference • AGASSIZ, A. 1865. North American Acalephae. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 2: 1–234.

Additional references • KATSANEVAKIS, S., BOGUCARSKIS, K., GATTO, F., VANDEKERKHOVE, J., DERIU, I. & CARDOSO, A.S. 2012. Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. BioInvasions Records 1: 235–245. • VAN DER LAND, J. 2001. Ctenophora. in: COSTELLO, M.J., VAN DER LAND, J., ZAVODNIK, D., SANTOS, R.S., PORTEIRO, F.M., BAILLY, N., ESCHMEYER, W.N. & FROESE, R. (Ed.) 2001. European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: pp. 122-123

Links • Mnemiopsis leidyi in the World Register of Marine Species,

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Image 49: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Mnemiopsis leidyi, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mnemiopsis_leidyi

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2.25 Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Gnathostomata Class Mammalia Subclass Theria Order Carnivora Suborder Caniformia Infraorder Pinnipedia Family Phocidae Genus Monachus Species Monachus monachus

Vernaculars Viduržemio jūros ruonis Albanian Foka e Mesdheut Lithuanian vienuolis Bulgarian Тюлен монах Modern Greek Μεσογειακή φώκια Mniszka Danish Munkesæl Polish śródziemnomorska Dutch Monniksrob Romanian Foca-episcop English Monk seal Russian тюлень-монах Sredozemska French Phoque moine Slovenian medvedjica Foca monje del German Mönchsrobbe Spanish Mediterráneo Turkish Akdeniz foku כלב-ים ים- תיכוני Hebrew Тюлень-монах Italian Foca monaca Ukranian середземноморський

References • Gerovasileiou, V.; Chintiroglou, C. C.; Vafidis, D.; Koutsoubas, D.; Sini, M.; Dailianis, T.; Issaris, Y.; Akritopoulou, E.; Dimarchopoulou, D.; Voultsiadou, E. 2015. Census of biodiversity in marine caves of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science. 16 (1), 245-265. • Van der Land, J. 2001. Tetrapoda, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 375-376

Links • Monachus monachus in the World Register of Marine Species

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Image 50: Photo of Monachus monachus taken by Vasilis Andreou

Image 51: Photo of a baby monk seal (Monachus monachus) taken by Melina Marcou.

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Image 52: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Monachus monachus, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Monachus_monachus

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2.26 Mullus barbatus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758

Vernaculars Albanian Barbuni Modern Greek Κουτσομούρα Norwegian Basque Lohietako barbarin Rødmulle Bokmål Norwegian Breton Meilh ruz Raudmulle Nynorsk Catalan Roger Polish Barbata Salmonete- Danish Rød mulle Portuguese da-vasa Барабуля Dutch Gewone zeebarbeel Russian усатая English Red mullet Slovenian Bradač Salmonete de French Surmulet Spanish fango German Rote Meerbarbe Turkish Barbunya Барабуля Ukranian מולית אדומה Hebrew вусата Italian Triglia di fango

Primary Reference • Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp. Links • Mullus barbatus Report on ITIS • Mullus barbatus in the World Register of Marine Species • Mullus barbatus in FishBase

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Image 53: Photo of Mullus barbatus taken by Fisheries Research Institute of Kavala, Greece

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 76

Image 54: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Mullus barbatus, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mullus_barbatus

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 77

2.27 Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758

Vernaculars Albanian Barbuni me shirita Norwegian Bokmål Mulle Haitzetako Basque Norwegian Nynorsk Mulle barbarina Catalan Moll de roca Polish Barwena Corsican Treglia di scogliu Portuguese Salmonete-legítimo Барабуля Danish Stribet mulle Russian полосатая Dutch Mul Spanish Salmonete de roche English Red Striped mullet Swedish Mulle Rouget-barbet de French Turkish Tekir roche German Streifenbarbe Ukranian Барабуля смугаста Welsh Mingrwn מולית הפסים Hebrew Italian Triglia di scogliu Modern Μπαρμπούνι Greek Norwegian Mulle

Primary Reference • Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp.

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 78

Additional References • Van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 Link • Mullus surmuletus in the World Register of Marine Species • Mullus surmuletus in FishBase

Image 55: Photo of Mullus surmuletus taken by Vasilis Andreou.

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 79

Image 56: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Mullus surmuletus, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mullus_surmuletus

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 80

2.28 Mytilaster lineatus (Gmelin, 1791) Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Subclass Pteriomophia Order Mytilida Superfamily Mytiloidea Family Mytilidae

Subfamily Brachidontinae Vernaculars Genus Mytilaster No vernaculars found Species Mytilaster lineatus

Primary Reference • Brusina S. 1865. Conchiglie dalmate inedite. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich- königlichen Zoologisch-botanisch Gesellschaft in Wien 15: 3-42 Additional Reference • Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. 2001. Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 180-213. Link • Mytilaster lineatus in the World Register of Marine Species

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 81

Image 57: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Mytilaster lineatus, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mytilaster_lineatus

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 82

2.29 Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Subclass Pteriomorphia Order Mytilida Superfamily Mytiloidea Family Mytilidae Subfamily Mytilinae Genus Mytilus Species Mytilus galloprovincialis

Vernaculars Albanian midhja e zezë German Seemuschel Catalan musclo del Mediterrani Italian peozzo Dutch Middellandse-Zeemossel Japanese ムラサキイガイ English Padstow mussel Modern Greek Μύδι French moule méditerranéenne Slovenian Mediteranska klapavica Galician mexillón Spanish mejillón rubio

References • Bucquoy E., Dautzenberg P. & Dollfus G. 1887-1898. Les mollusques marins du Roussillon. Tome II. Pélécypodes. Paris, J.B. Baillière & fils 884 p., 99 pl. [pp. 1-24, pl. 1-6, november 1887; pp. 25-60, pl. 7-11, august 1888; pp. 61-112, pl. 12-21, may 1889; pp. 113-172, pl. 22-29, april 1890; pp. 173-220, pl. 30-37, april 1891; pp. 221-272, pl. 38-44, april 1892; pp. 273-320, pl. 45-51, may 1892; pp. 321-388, pl. 52-59, november 1893; pp. 389-450, pl. 60-67, december 1893; pp. 453-540, pl. 68-70, march 1895; pp. 541-620, pl. 79-88, april 1896; p. 621-690, pl. 89-95, march 1898; p. 693-884, pl. 96-99, october 1898]. • Coe W.R. 1945. Nutrition and growth of the Californian bay-mussel (Mytilus edulia diegensis). Journal of Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia 99: 1-14 • Danilo, F. & Sandri, G. B. 1856. Elenco nominale dei gasteropodi testacei marini raccolti nei dintorni di Zara. Zara. page(s): 10 • Delle Chiaie, S.; Poli, G. S. 1791. Testacea utriusque siciliae eorumque historia et anatome tabulis aeneis illustrata. Parma, Regio Typographeio. vol. 2, pp. 75-264, i- lxxvi, pl. 19-39 • Lamarck [J.-B. M.] de. 1819. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome sixième, 1re partie. Paris: published by the Author, vi + 343 pp. • Locard A. 1889. Révision des espèces françaises appartenant au genre Mytilus. Bulletin de la Société Malacologique de France. 6: 83-164, pls 3-5.

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 83

• Molnar, J. L.; Gamboa, R. L.; Revenga, C.; Spalding, M. D. 2008. Assessing the global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 6(9): 485-492. • Monterosato T. A. (di) 1884. Nomenclatura generica e specifica di alcune conchiglie mediterranee. Palermo, Virzi, 152 pp. • Monterosato T. A. (di) 1891. Molluschi fossili quaternari di S. Flavia. Naturalista Siciliano, Palermo 10 (5): 96-104 [febbraio] 10 (6) page(s): 97 page(s): 1-14 • Pallary P. 1903. Addition à la faune conchyliologique de la Méditerranée. Annales du Musée de Marseille, 8: 1-16, pl. 1 • Philippi R. A. 1836. Enumeratio molluscorum Siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium, quae in itinere suo observavit. Vol. 1. Schropp, Berlin [Berolini]: xiv + 267 p., pl. 1-12 • Scarlato O.A. & Starobogatov Y.I. 1979. The systematic position and distribution of mussels. In: Commercial bivalve molluscan mussels and their role in the ecosystem (Scarlato O., ed.)

Image 58: Photo of Mytilus galloprovincialis taken by V. Andreou

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 84

Image 59: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Mytilus galloprovincialis, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mytilus_galloprovincialis

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 85

2.30 Ophidiaster ophidianus (Lamarck, 1816)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Echinodermata Subphylum Asterozoa Class Asteroidea Vernaculars Superorder Valvatacea Albanian Ylli krahëgjarpër Order Valvatida Catalan Estrella porprada Family Ophidiasteridae English Purple seastar Genus Ophidiaster Italian Stella serpente Species Ophidiaster ophidianus Spanish Estrella púrpura

Primary references • LAMARCK, J.B.A.P. DE 1816. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, (présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s'y rapportent; précédée d'une introduction offrant la détermination des characteres essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du végétal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie). Tome 2. pp. 1–568. Paris: Verdière. BHL Reference page. [see page 567 as Asterias ophidiana, original description]

Additional references • Gray, J. E. 1840. XXXII. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias, Linnaeus). Annals of the Magazine of Natural History. 6: 275-290. • Hansson, H.G. 2001. Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,. 50: pp. 336-351.

Links • Ophidiaster ophidianus in World Register of Marine Species • Ophidiaster ophidianus in SeaLifeBase

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 86

Image 60: Photo of Ophidiaster ophidianus taken by Melina Marcou

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 87

Image 61: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Ophidiaster ophidianus, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ophidiaster_ophidianus

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 88

2.31 Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea Superclass Multicrustacea Class Malcostraca Subclass Eumalacostraca Superorder Eucarida Order Decapoda Suborder Plecyemata Infraorder Achelata Family Palinuridae Genus Palinurus Species Palinurus elephas

Vernaculars Modern Albanian Lemçja Αστακός Greek Arabic Sid Norwegian Langust Norwegian Basque Otarrain Langust Bokmål Norwegian Catalan Llagosta Langust Nynorsk Danish Langust Portuguese Lagosta Dutch Langoest Spanish Langosta común English Spiny lobster Swedish Langust French Langouste rouge Turkish Bocek German Stachelhummer Ligurian Lengusta Italian Arigusta Maltese Agusta

Primary Reference • Fabricius, J. C. 1787. Mantissa Insectorum Sistens Eorum Species Nuper Detectus Adjectis Characteribus Genericis Differentiis Specificis, Emendationibus, Observationibus. Hafniae. I: 348 pp., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12058315 Additional Reference • Türkay, M. 2001. Decapoda, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 284-292

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 89

Link • Palinurus elephas in World Register of Marine Species

Image 62: Photo of Palinurus elephas taken by the team of AP Marine Ltd

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 90

Image 63: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Palinurus elephas, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Palinurus_elephas

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 91

2.32 Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)

Taxonomy Vernaculars Iriqi i purpurt i Kingdom Animalia Albanian Phylum Echinodermata detit Subphylum Echinozoa Catalan Garota de roca Class Echinoidea Croatian Ježinac kamenjar Subclass Euchinoidea Dutch Zeeappel Infraclass Carinacea English Stony sea urchin Superorder Echinacea French Oursin-pierre Order Camarodonta German Steinseeigel Infraorder Echinidea Italian Riccio femmina Modern Family Parechinidae Κόκκινος αχινός Genus Paracentrotus Greek Paracentrotus Portuguese Ouriço verde Erizo de mar Species lividus Spanish común

Primary Reference • Lamarck, J. B. M. de. 1816. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome troisième. Paris: Deterville/Verdière. 612 pp., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47702. page(s): 50"

Additional References • Hansson, H.G. 2001. Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,. 50: pp. 336-351.

Link • Paracentrotus lividus in World Register of Marine Species • Paracentrotus lividus Report on ITIS

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 92

Image 64: Photo of Paracentrotus lividus taken by Vasilis Andreou.

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 93

Image 65: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Paracentrotus lividus, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Paracentrotus_lividus

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 94

2.33 Phyllophora crispa (Hudson) P.S.Dixon, 1964

Taxonomy Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom Billphyta Phylum (Division) Rhodophyta Subphylum (Subdivision) Eurhodophytina Class Florideophyceae Subclass Rhodymeniophycidae Order Gigartinales Family Phyllophoraceae Genus Phyllophora Species Phyllophora crispa

Vernaculars Danish Bånd-rødblad Norwegian Bokmål Smalblekke Norwegian Nynorsk Smalblekkje Swedish Bandrödblad

References • DIXON, P.S. 1964. Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the Florideae. IV. Botaniska Notiser 117: 56–78, 2 figs. Reference page. : 56 • GUIRY, M.D. 2001. Macroalgae of Rhodophycota, Phaeophycota, Chlorophycota, and two genera of Xanthophycota, in: COSTELLO, M.J. et al. (Ed.) 2001. European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 20–38. • MULLER, Y. 2004. Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.

Links • Phyllophora crispa in AlgaeBase • Phyllophora crispa in World Register of Marine Species

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 95

Image 66: Photo of Phyllophora crispa taken by Dimitar Berov.

Image 67: Photo of Phyllophora crispa taken by Dimitar Berov.

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 96

Image 68: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Phyllophora crispa, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Phyllophora_crispa

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 97

2.34 Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Subclass Pteriomorphia Order Ostreida Superfamily Pinnoidea Family Pinnidae Genus Pinna Species Pinna nobilis

Vernaculars Albanian Midhja si pendë Italian Pinna nobile Благородна Bulgarian Lithuanian Kilnioji pina пина Modern Catalan Nacre Πίννα Greek Corsican Gnaccara Slovenian Veliki leščur English Rough penshell Spanish Nacra común Jamboneau de French Turkish Delici midye mer Пинна German Steckmuschel Ukranian шляхетна

Additional Reference • Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. 2001. Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 180-213.

Link • Pinna nobilis in World Register of Marine Species

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 98

Image 69: Photo of Pinna nobilis taken by the team of AP Marine Ltd.

Image 70: Photo of Pinna nobilis taken by Melina Marcou.

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 99

Image 71: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Pinna nobilis, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pinna_nobilis

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 100

2.35 Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766)

Vernaculars Dutch Zeepiranha Norwegian Dyphavsabbor English Snapper Portuguese Anchova Луфарь French Tassergal Russian обыкновенный German Blaufisch Spanish Anjova de banco Swedish Blåfisk גומבר טורפני Hebrew Italian Serra Turkish Lufer Луфар Modern Greek Γοφάρι Ukrainian звичайний

Primary Reference • Linnaeus C. 1767. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. Holmiae, Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm], Laurentii Salvii. pp. 1-532 [1766] pp. 533-1327 [1767].

Additional Reference • Wheeler, A. 1992. A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. Journal of Fish Biology 41(Suppl. A): 1-37

Links • Pomatomus saltatrix in FishBase • Pomatomus saltatrix in World Register of Marine Species

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 101

Image 72: Photo of Pomatomus saltatrix taken by the team of Fisheries Research Institute of Kavala, Greece

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 102

Image 73: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Pomatomus saltatrix, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pomatomus_saltatrix

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 103

2.36 Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile, 1813

Taxonomy Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom Viridiplantae Infrakingdom Streptophyta Phylum(Division) Tracheophyta Subphylum(Subdivision) Spermatophytina Class Magnoliopsida Superorder Lilianae Order Alismatales Family Posidoniaceae Genus Posidonia Species Posidonia oceanica

Vernaculars Catalan Posidònia Corsican Arba marina Dutch Neptunusgras English Neptune grass French Posidonie de Méditerranée German Neptungras Spanish Alga de vidrieros

Link • Posidonia oceanica in AlgaeBase. • Posidonia oceanica in World Register of Marine Species

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 104

Image 74: Photo of Posidonia oceanica taken by Vasilis Andreou

Image 75: Photo of Posidonia oceanica taken by Melina Marcou of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Research.

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 105

Image 76: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Posidonia oceanica, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Posidonia_oceanica

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 106

2.37 Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata

Superclass Gnathostomata

Superclass Pisces Class Actinopterygii Order Scorpaeniformes Suborder Scorpaenoidei Family Scorpaenidae Subfamily Pteroinae Genus Pterois Species Pterois miles

Vernaculars Afrikaans Duiwel-vuurvis French Poisson armée Arabic Deesh German Rotfeuerfisch זהרון Creole Laffe volant Hebrew Danish Indisk dragefisk Mandarin Chinese 斑鳍蓑鲉 English Devil firefish Polish Skrzydlica wachlarzopletw a Estonian India tiibkala Portuguese Peixe-fogo diabo

Primary references • BENNETT, J.W. 1828–1830. A selection from the most remarkable and interesting fishes found on the coast of Ceylon. London. First Edition: i–viii + 30 unnumbered pp., Pls. 1–30. BHL Reference page. • FRICKE, R. 1999. Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez). An annotated checklist with descriptions of new species. [Theses Zoologicae v. 31.] Koenigstein (Koeltz Scientific Books). i–viii + 1–759. Reference page. [see page 159] • FRICKE, R. 2000. Invalid neotypes. Copeia 2000(2): 639–640. hdl: 1448/230 [not seen] Reference page. [see page 639] • HARE, J.A. & WHITFIELD, P.E. 2004. An integrated assessment of the introduction of lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles complex) to the Western Atlantic Ocean. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS No. 2 (for Dec. 2003): i–iv + 1–21. Reference page. • KOCHZIUS, M., SÖLLER, R., KHALAF, M.A. & BOHM, D. 2003. Molecular phylogeny of the lionfish genera Dendrochirus and Pterois (Scorpeanidae, Pteroinae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28: 396–403. Reference page. [see page 401]

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 107

Links • Scorpaena miles in Catalog of Fishes, • Pterois miles in FishBase • Pterois miles in World Register of Marine Species

Image 77: Photo of Pterois miles taken by Vasilis Andreou.

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 108

Image 78: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Pterois miles, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pterois_miles

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 109

2.38 Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Vernaculars Class Gastropoda Dutch Geaderde Subclass Caenogastropoda stekelhoorn Order Neogastropoda English Veined whelk Superfamily Muricoidea German Wulstschnecke Family Muricidae Japanese アカニシ Subfamily Rapaninae Modern Όστρακο του Genus Rapana Greek Θωμά Species Rapana venosa

Primary Reference • Valenciennes A. 1846. Mollusques. [in] Du Petit-Thouars. Voyage autour du monde sur la fregate La Venus pendant 1836-1839. Atlas de Zoologie. page(s): 22, pl.7, fig.1

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 110

Image 79: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Rapana venosa, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rapana_venosa

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 111

2.39 Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Gnathostomata Superclass Pisces Class Actinopterygii Order Pleuronectiformes Family Scophthalmidae Genus Scophthalmus Species Scophthalmus maximus

Vernaculars Modern Albanian Shkotra Σιάκι Greek Breton Turoden Norwegian Piggvar Norwegian Bulgarian Черноморски калкан Piggvar Bokmål Danish Pighvarre Polish Turbot Dutch Tarbot Portuguese Rodovalho English Turbot Russian Tyurbo Finnish Piikkikampela Spanish Rodaballo French Turbot Swedish Piggvar German Steinbutt Turkish Disi kalkan Icelandic Sandhverfa

Primary Reference

• LINNAEUS, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 271. Additional Reference • VAN DER LAND, J., COSTELLO, M.J., ZAVODNIK, D., SANTOS, R.S., PORTEIRO, F.M., BAILLY, N., ESCHMEYER, W.N. & FROESE, R. 2001. Pisces, in: COSTELLO, M.J. et al. (Ed.) 2001. European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: pp. 357–374. Reference page.

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 112

Links • Scophthalmus maximus in the World Register of Marine Species • Psetta maxima Report on ITIS • Scophthalmus maximus in FishBase

Image 80: Photo of Scophthalmus maximus taken by Fisheries Research Institute of Kavala, Greece

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 113

Image 81: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Scophthalmus maximus, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scophthalmus_maximus

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 114

2.40 Sepia officinalis Linnaeus, 1758

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda Subclass Coleoidea Superorder Decapodiformes Order Sepiida Family Sepiidae Genus Sepia Species Sepia officinalis

Vernaculars Albanian Supja German Sepietintenfisch Basque Txibia Hassaniyya Oum semra

Bulgarian Sepija Italian Siccia

Catalan Sípia comuna Japanese Yoroppa kouika Corsican Seppia Modern Greek Σουπιά Czech Sépie obecná Polish Mątwa zwyczajna Danish Sepiablæksprutte Portuguese Siba Dutch Zeekat Russian Sepia English Cuttlefish Spanish Sipionet Finnish Mustekala Turkish Sübye French Seiche commune

References • Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp.,page(s): 658" Additional Reference • Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. 2001. Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 180-213 Link • Sepia officinalis in the World Register of Marine Species • Sepia officinalis in the MolluscaBase

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 115

Image 82: Photo of Sepia officinalis taken by Vasilis Andreou.

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 116

Image 83: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Sepia officinalis, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sepia_(Sepia)_officinalis The photo collected by RECONNECT project was not used in this page, since the initially displayed photo was considered better.

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 117

2.41 Sphaerechinus granularis (Lamarck, 1816)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Echinodermata Subphylum Echinozoa Class Echinoidea Subclass Euechinoidea Infraclass Carinacea Superorder Echinacea Order Camarodonta Infraorder Echinidea Superfamily Odontophora Family Toxopneustidae Genus Sphaerechinus Species Sphaerechinus granularis

Vernaculars Catalan Garota violeta Croatian Jež pjegavi English Violet sea urchin French Oursin violet German Dunkelvioletter Seeigel Italian Riccio granulare di mare Modern Greek Βιολετής αχινός Polish Ježovka fialová Portuguese Ouriços de pontas redondas Spanish Erizo violáceo

References • Hansson, H.G. 2001. Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: pp. 336-351. Links • Sphaerechinus granularis in World Register of Marine Species

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 118

Image 84: Photo of Sphaerechinus granularis taken by Vasilis Andreou.

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 119

Image 85: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Sphaerechinus granularis, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sphaerechinus_granularis

Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 120

2.42 Spongia (Spongia) officinalis Linnaeus, 1759

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera Class Demospongiae Subclass Keratosa Order Dictyoceratida Family Spongiidae Genus Spongia Subgenus Spongia (Spongia) Species Spongia (Spongia) officinalis

Vernaculars Albanian Sfungjeri i tualetit Dutch Badspons English Turkey cup sponge German Tafelschwamm Italian Spugna da bagno Japanese モクヨクカイメン Modern Φίνο Greek

Primary references • LINNAEUS, C. 1759. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus II. Editio decima, reformata. Pp. [I–VI], 825–1384. Impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL Reference page.

Additional references • COOK, S.D.C., & BERGQUIST, P.R. 2002. Family Spongiidae Gray, 1867. Pp. 1051-1060. In Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (ed.) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. 1 (Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow). • DÍAZ, HUMBERTO., BEVILACQUA, MARINA. y BONE, DAVID. 1985. Esponjas del Parque Nacional Morrocoy. Fondo Editorial Acta Científica Venezolana. Caracas. 64p. • LIU, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). 2008. Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp. • RÜTZLER, K., R. W. M. VAN SOEST., and C. PIANTONI. 2009. Sponges (Porifera) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 285–313 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.

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Links • Spongia officinalis in the World Register of Marine Species • Spongia officinalis Report on ITIS • ZipCodeZoo.com: Spongia officinalis (Dalmatische Spons;badspons) • Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL): Spongia officinalis

Image 86: Photo of Spongia officinalis taken by Vasilis Andreou.

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Image 87: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Spongia officinalis, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Spongia_officinalis

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2.43 Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Gnathostomata Superclass Pisces Class Actinopterygii Order Clupeiformes Family Clupeidae Genus Sprattus Species Sprattus sprattus

Vernaculars Albanian Papalina Norwegian Brisling Breton Sprat Norwegian Bokmål Brisling Danish Brisling Norwegian Nynorsk Brisling Dutch Sprot Polish Szprot English Sprat Portuguese Lavadilha Estonian Kilu Russian Шпрот европейский Finnish Kilohaili Scottish Gaelic Garvie French Sprat Spanish Espadín German Sprotte Swedish Vassbuk Italian Papalina Turkish Caca Lithuanian Silkele Ukranian Шпрот європейський Modern Greek Παπαλίνα Welsh Corbennog

Primary Reference • LINNAEUS, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 318. Additional Reference • Van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 Links • Sprattus sprattus in World Register of Marine Species

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Image 88: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Sprattus sprattus, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sprattus_sprattus

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2.44 Torquigener flavimaculosus Hardy & Randall, 1983

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Gnathostomata Superclass Pisces Class Actinopterygii Vernaculars Order Tetraodontiformes Arabic Hadroom Family Tetraodontidae French Tétrodon constellé Mandarin Genus Torquigener 黄斑窄额鲀 Torquigener chinese Species flavimaculosus Turkish Cüce balon baligi

References

• GOLANI, D. 2006. An annotated list of types in the Hebrew University fish collection. Haasiana: a newsletter of the biological collections of the Hebrew University 2006(3): 20–40. Reference page. [see page 35.] • HARDY, G.S. & RANDALL, J.E. 1983. Description of a new species of pufferfish (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) from the Red Sea and adjacent waters. Israel Journal of Zoology 32(1): 13–20, 1 pl. Reference page. • HARDY, G.S. 1990. Fish types in the National Museum of New Zealand. National Museum of New Zealand, Miscellaneous Series 21: 1–17. Reference page. [see page 15.] • Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. 2012. Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. BioInvasions Records. 1: 235-245.

Links • Torquigener flavimaculosus in Catalog of Fishes, • Torquigener flavimaculosus in FishBase • Torquigener flavimaculosus in World Register of Marine Species

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Image 89: Photo of Torquigener flavimaculosus taken by Vasilis Andreou.

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Image 90: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Torquigener flavimaculosus, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Torquigener_flavimaculosus

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2.45 Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868)

Vernacular Albanian Stavrida mesdhetare Maltese Sawrella Mandarin Arabic Aosifer 地中海竹筴魚 chinese Bulgarian Safrid Modern Greek Ασπροσαύριδο Ostrobok Catalan Sorell blancal Polish sródziemnomorski Croatian Mediteranski šarun Portuguese Carapau Danish Middelhavshestemakrel Romanian Stavrid Middellandse- Ставрида Dutch Russian Zeehorsmakreel средиземноморская Mediterranean horse English Serbian Sarun mackerel Chinchard de la French Slovenian Sredozemski šur Méditerranée Mittelmeer- German Spanish Jurel mediterranéo Bastardmakrele Swedish Medelhavstaggmakrill טרכון ים-תיכוני Hebrew Italian Suro Turkish Sarikuyruk istavrit

Primary references • STEINDACHNER, F. 1868. Ichthyologischer Bericht über eine nach Spanien und Portugal unternommene Reise. (V. Fortsetzung.) Übersicht der Meeresfische an den Küsten Spanien's und Portugal's. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 57 (1. abth.): 351–424, Pls. 1–6. BHL Reference page.

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Additional references • VAN DER LAND, J., COSTELLO, M.J., ZAVODNIK, D., SANTOS, R.S., PORTEIRO, F.M., BAILLY, N., ESCHMEYER, W.N. & FROESE, R. 2001. Pisces, in: COSTELLO, M.J. et al. (Ed.) 2001. European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: pp. 357–374. Reference page.

Links • Trachurus mediterraneus in FishBase, • Trachurus mediterraneus Report on ITIS • Trachurus mediterraneus in World Register of Marine Species

Image 91: Photo of Trachurus mediterraneus taken by Fisheries Research Institute of Kavala, Greece

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Image 92: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Trachurus mediterraneus, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Trachurus_mediterraneus

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2.46 Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Mammalia Subclass Theria Order Cetartiodactyla Suborder Cetancodonta Infraorder Cetacea Superfamily Odontoceti Family Delphinidae Genus Tursiops Species Tursiops truncatus

Vernaculars Lambondriaka Afrikaans Stumpneusdolfyn Malagasy aman'oron-tavoahangy Arabic Delfin kabir Malayalam Chankan eedi Basque Izurde handia Maltese Delfin geddumu qasir Modern Bulgarian Афала Ρινοδέλφινο greek Catalan Molar Norwegian Tumler Norwegian Croatian Dobri dupin Tumler bokmål Norwegian Danish Øresvin Tumler nynorsk Dutch Tuimelaar Polish Butlonos zwyczajny Common bottlenose English Portuguese Toninha dolphin French Tursiops nesarnak Romanian Tursiops German Tümmler Russian Chernyi delfin Slovenian Velika pliskovka דולפינן ים-התיכון Hebrew Lumba-lumba Indonesian Spanish Tursion hidung botol Italian Tursiope troncato Swedish Öresvin Japanese ハンドウイルカ Tamil Ongole Kalaalisut Nezarnak Telugu Gadamu Korean Keun-dolgorae Turkish Afalina Latvian Lielaa-iuras-tsuuka Ukranian Афаліна чорноморська Lithuanian Afalina Welsh Dolffin trwynbwl

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Primary Reference • Montagu, G. 1821. Description of a species of Delphinus, which appears to be new. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society. 3: 75-82.

Additional Reference • Van der Land, J. 2001. Tetrapoda, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 375-376

Link • Tursiops truncatus in World Register of Marine Species

Image 93: Photo of Tursiops truncatus as displayed in WikiSpecies. The photo was taken by NASA near the Kennedy Space Center

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Image 94: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Tursiops truncatus, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tursiops_truncatus

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2.47 Ulva rigida C.Agardh, 1823

Taxonomy Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom Viridiplantae Phylum (Division) Chlorophta Subphylum (Subdivision) Chlorophytina Vernaculars Class Ulvophyceae Catalan Enciam de mar Order Ulvales Dutch Stijve zeesla Family Ulvaceae English Sea lettuce Genus Ulva French Laitues de mer Species Ulva rigida Spanish Lechuga de mar

Primary Reference • AGARDH, C.A. 1823. Species algarum rite cognitae, cum synonymis, differentiis specificis et descriptionibus succinctis. Volumen primum pars posterior. pp. [vii–viii], [399]–531. Lundae [Lund]: ex officina Berlingiana. BHL Reference page. : 410

Links • Ulva rigida in AlgaeBase • Ulva rigida in World Register of Marine Species

Image 95: Photo of Ulva rigida taken by Dimitar Berov. Project co-funded by the European Union and National Funds of the participating countries 135

Image 96: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Ulva rigida, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ulva_rigida

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2.48 Upogebia pusilla (Petagna, 1792)

Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea Superclass Multicrustacea Class Malacostraca Subclass Eumalacostraca Superorder Eucarida Order Decapoda Suborder Pleocyemata Infraorder Gebiidea Family Upogebiidae Genus Upogebia Species Upogebia pusilla

Vernaculars Catalan Cadell de mar English Mediterranean mud shrimp French Crevette fouisseuse German Strandkrebs Italian Scardobola Russian Морской крот Serbian Karlic Spanish Grillo real marino Turkish Mamun Ukranian Морський кріт

Primary Reference • Petagna, V. (1792). Institutiones entomologicae. Naples. 718 pp.

Links • Upogebia pusilla in World Register of Marine Species • Upogebia pusilla in SeaLifeBase

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Image 97: Photos of Upogebia pusilla stained with rose Bengal, as taken by the team of AP Marine Ltd.

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Image 98: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Upogebia pusilla, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Upogebia_pusilla

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2.49 Zostera marina Linnaeus, 1753 Taxonomy Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom Viridiplantae Infrakingdom Streptophyta Phylum (Division) Tracheophyta Subphylum (Subdivision) Spermatophytina Class Magnoliopsida Superorder Lilianae Order Alismatales Family Zosteraceae Genus Zostera Subgenus Zostera subg. Zostera Species Zostera subg. Zostera marina

Vernaculars Обикновена морска Norwegian Bulgarian Smalålegras трева Bokmål Norwegian Dutch Groot zeegras Smalålegras Nynorsk Zostera English Sea grass Polish morska French Zostère Scottish Gaelic Miliúrach Smal Georgian ზღვის ბალახი Swedish bandtång Gwellt-y- German Gemeines Seegras Welsh gamlas culddail Japanese アマモ

Primary Reference • Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus II: 968, Stockholm.

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Additional Reference • Guiry, M.D. 2001. Macroalgae of Rhodophycota, Phaeophycota, Chlorophycota, and two genera of Xanthophycota, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 20-38

Links • Zostera marina in World Register of Marine Species

Image 99: Photo of Zostera marina as taken by Dimitar Berov.

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Image 100: Photo of Zostera marina as taken by Dimitar Berov.

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Image 101: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Zostera marina, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Zostera_marina

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2.50 Zostera noltei Hornemann, 1832

Taxonomy Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom Viridiplantae Infrakingdom Streptophyta Phylum (division) Tracheophyta Subphylum (subdivision) Spermatophytina Class Magnoliopsida Superorder Lilianae Order Alismatales Family Zosteraceae Genus Zostera Subgenus Zostera subg. Zosterella Species Zostera subg. Zosterella noltei

Vernaculars Dutch Klein zeegras English Dwarf eelgrass German Zwerg-Seegras Scottish Gaelic Miléarach bheag Swedish Dvärgbandtång

References • Guiry, M.D. 2001. Macroalgae of Rhodophycota, Phaeophycota, Chlorophycota, and two genera of Xanthophycota, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 20-38 • Costello, M.J.; Emblow, C.; White, R. (Ed.). 2001. European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50. Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle: Paris, France. ISBN 2-85653-538-0. 463 pp.

Links • Zostera noltei in AlgaeBase • Zostera noltei in the World Register of Marine Species

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Image 102: Photo of Zostera noltei taken by Dimitar Berov.

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Image 103: Screenshot of the Wikispecies page for Zostera noltei, which can be found in the following link: https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Zostera_noltei

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3. DEVELOPMENT OF WIKI PAGES

3.1 Structure of Wiki Pages Most of the Wikispecies pages (https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) consist of 5 sections (template). Each section is related to species information as show below. 1. Name section 2. Taxonavigation section 3. References section 4. Vernacular names section 5. Photo section

3.2 Data entry process for each species 3.2.1 Name Section

This section contains the Latin name, the sanctioning author, and the year in which the author described and named the species. In addition, botanical names should provide the source of the protologue in abbreviated standard form. The names of authors get linked internally to author pages.

Wiki code =={{int:Name}}== * ''Agelas oroides'' ({{a|Oscar Schmidt|Schmidt}}, 1864)

Result

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3.2.2 Taxonavigation Section Taxonaviagation gives the most commonly used clades of the taxonomic tree and allows a convenient navigation through all groups of life. Every taxon page on Wikispecies should contain a Taxonavigation section. This section deals with the taxonomy part of Wikispecies. This section describes a species or lower taxon and should contain a type-locality and holotype section (whenever this information is available). Holotype is the first specimen on which the author based his description. Holotypes are placed in museums. Type-locality describes the place where the holotype was found.

A subsection is used for synonyms of the described taxon. This section is entirely in Latin.

Latin taxa and plurals Taxon (singular) Taxon (plural) Phylum Phyla Classis Classes Ordo Ordines Familia Familiae Divisio Divisiones Cohors Cohortes Sectio Sectiones Tribus Tribus Genus Genera Species Species Varietas Varietates Forma Formae

To keep everything highly standardized, Wikispecies relies heavily on the use of taxo- templates.

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Wiki code =={{int:Taxonavigation}}==

Species: ''[[Agelas oroides]]''

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3.2.3 References Section

The taxonavigation and name sections are worthless without providing reference material. A page should contain references from books, journals or internet links to articles. The references had to be written in certain guidelines (e.g. the journal title should be italicized and written in an alphabetical order). Also, the references should be written in a specific template, displaying first the primary reference, which was the original source where a species was described, then the additional references and lastly the links. Also, whenever possible, links to the authors’ pages were added.

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Wiki code ={{int:References}}==

* {{aut|Schmidt, O.}} 1864. Supplement der Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Enthaltend die Histologie und systematische Ergänzungen. Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig. i-vi: 1-48, pls 1-4.

*Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schönberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L.; Ríos, P.; Downey, R. (2019). World Porifera database. Agelas oroides (Schmidt, 1864). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=132454 on 2019-01-30 ==={{int:Links}}=== * {{WoRMS||132454|i}}

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3.2.4 Vernacular names section This section lists names of species in local languages of many countries. For each species, one vernacular name should be added.

Wiki code =={{int:Vernacular names}}== {{VN |ca=Esponja taronja lobulada |en=Orange crater sponge |de=Zäher Orangefarbener }}

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Result

3.3 Uploading Photos section Following the guidelines of Wikispecies regarding the uploading of photos, one photo was chosen per species and the photo uploaded wasn’t watermarked. Each photo had to be initially uploaded to Wikimedia Commons as shown below.

Image 104: Uploading photographs for each species

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Image 105: Defining the copyright license as a representative of the copyright holder for each picture, with attribution to the author.

The text {{subst:OP}} was inserted in the “Source” section to indicate that the image copyright release status was pending. This was done in order to stop the image from getting deleted automatically. An email containing the required copyright release confirmation from the copyright holder was then sent to [email protected]. The emails sent contained attributions from each author as an attachment, specifying the protection of photos under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 legal code. A validator from Wikimedia reviewed the ticket regarding the release of photos from each author and approved the requests. After the publishing of the photos, the copyright holder can be viewed from the wiki pages, by selecting “More details” in the photo view section.

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Image 106: Screenshots of the email exchanges for the official release of the photos donated by AP Marine Environmental Consultancy Ltd, with the Wikimedia validators.

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Image 107: Defining image name and Description

Image 108: This Screenshot shows the option “More Details” which includes detailes regarding the copyright rights for each photograph.

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Code for url wiki photo link {{Image|Agelas oroides.jpg|''Agelas oroides''}}

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4. WIKI PAGES CREATED FOR EACH SPECIES

Geometriki Ltd completed the data entry and wiki pages creation for all the 50 species chosen by the RECONNECT partnership. This work is included in the following table.

Table X: Wikispecies pages for selected species developed within RECONNECT project

Species URL 1. Agelas oroides (Schmidt, 1864) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Agel as_oroides 2. Alosa immaculata Bennett, 1835 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alos a_immaculata 4. Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ana dara_kagoshimensis 4. Arca noae Linnaeus, 1758 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Arc a_noae 5. Beroe ovata Bruguière, 1789 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ber oe_ovata 6. Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas, https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bra 1774) nchiostoma_lanceolatum 7. Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Care tta_caretta 8. Chamelea gallina (Linnaeus, 1758) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cha melea_gallina 9. Chromis chromis (Linnaeus, 1758) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chr omis_chromis 10. Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cyst C.Agardh, 1820 oseira_barbata 11. Cystoseira bosphorica Sauvageau https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cyst oseira_bosphorica 12. Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dipl 1817) odus_vulgaris 13. Donax trunculus Linnaeus, 1758 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Don ax_trunculus 14. Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1814) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dysi dea_fragilis 15. Eriphia verrucosa (Forskål, 1775) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Erip hia_verrucosa 16. Fistularia commersonii Rüppell, 1838 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fist ularia_commersonii 17. Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hal Ascherson, 1867 ophila_stipulacea 18. Hermodice carunculata (Pallas, 1766) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Her modice_carunculata

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19 Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli Delle https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/ Chiaje, 1824 Holothuria_poli 20. Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lag ocephalus_sceleratus 21. Lithophaga lithophaga (Linnaeus, 1758) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lith ophaga_lithophaga 22. Loripes orbiculatus Poli, 1795 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lori pes_orbiculatus 23. Melinna palmata Grube, 1870 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meli nna_palmata 24. Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mne miopsis_leidyi 25. Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mon achus_monachus 26. Mullus barbatus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mull us_barbatus 27. Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mull us_surmuletus 28. Mytilaster lineatus (Gmelin, 1791) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Myti laster_lineatus 29. Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Myti lus_galloprovincialis 30. Ophidiaster ophidianus (Lamarck, 1816) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Oph idiaster_ophidianus 31. Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pali nurus_elephas 32. Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Par acentrotus_lividus 33. Phyllophora crispa (Hudson) P.S.Dixon, https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Phyl 1964 lophora_crispa 34. Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pin na_nobilis 35. Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pom atomus_saltatrix 36. Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile, https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Posi 1813 donia_oceanica 37. Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pter ois_miles 38. Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rap ana_venosa 39. Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sco phthalmus_maximus 40. Sepia officinalis Linnaeus, 1758 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sepi a_(Sepia)_officinalis

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41. Sphaerechinus granularis (Lamarck, https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sph 1816) aerechinus_granularis 42. Spongia (Spongia) officinalis Linnaeus, https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Spo 1759 ngia_officinalis 43. Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Spra ttus_sprattus 44. Torquigener flavimaculosus Hardy & https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tor Randall, 1983 quigener_flavimaculosus 45. Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Trac 1868) hurus_mediterraneus 46. Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tur siops_truncatus 47. Ulva rigida C.Agardh, 1823 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/ Ulva_rigida 48. Upogebia pusilla (Petagna, 1792) https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Upo gebia_pusilla 49. Zostera marina Linnaeus, 1753 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/ Zostera_marina 50. Zostera noltei Hornemann, 1832 https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/ Zostera_noltei

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