A Liberdade Religiosa Na Declaração Dignitatis Humanae: Contexto, Gênese Temática E Debate

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A Liberdade Religiosa Na Declaração Dignitatis Humanae: Contexto, Gênese Temática E Debate PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE CAMPINAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS DA RELIGIÃO ALEXANDRE BORATTI FAVRETTO A Liberdade Religiosa na Declaração Dignitatis humanae: contexto, gênese temática e debate Campinas 2015 ALEXANDRE BORATTI FAVRETTO A Liberdade Religiosa na Declaração Dignitatis humanae: contexto, gênese temática e debate Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Religião da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências da Religião, sob orientação do professor Dr. Pe. Paulo Sérgio Lopes Gonçalves. Campinas 2015 ALEXANDRE BORATTI FAVRETTO A Liberdade Religiosa na Declaração Dignitatis humanae: contexto, gênese temática e debate Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Religião da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências da Religião, sob orientação do professor Dr. Pe. Paulo Sérgio Lopes Gonçalves. Trabalho julgado e aprovado pelos docentes responsáveis em __/__/__ ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Pe. Paulo Sérgio Lopes Gonçalves ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Pe. Ney de Souza ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Newton Aquiles Von Zuben Campinas 2015 Ao mestre-amigo, que deste trabalho é orientador, Pe. Paulo Sérgio Lopes Gonçalves. Aos meus amados pais, José Ricardo e Maria Aparecida, irmãos, Fernando e Daniel, avô Antônio, parentes e amigos sinceros, cuja constante presença e apoio propiciaram-me chegar até aqui. AGRADECIMENTOS Eu agradeço a Deus, que no trato com este humano, em sua interpelativa Revelação não permitiu faltar tempo, amigos, empenho, conflitos e libertação, ocasionando a realização deste trabalho. Por vezes, penso que a gênese desta pesquisa teve início em 2008, quando um autêntico teólogo-pastor se fez reitor e mestre, inspirando minha geração à especial dedicação ao estudo das diversas ciências, sobretudo, filosofia e teologia, motivando-me à iniciação científica e ao mestrado. Se há o esforço de fide splendet et scientia, devo ao senhor, Prof. Dr. Pe. Paulo Sérgio Lopes Gonçalves, a quem presto admiração e gratidão. Na pessoa dele, agradeço também a todo corpo docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Religião da PUC-Campinas, cada um contribuiu a sua maneira para a conclusão da pesquisa e para levar a bom termo esta dissertação. Certamente, é um texto de empenhos plurais. Especialmente e, com carinho, agradeço a toda minha família, autênticos rastros do Sagrado, em especial, à minha mãe Maria, meu pai José Ricardo e irmãos pelo constante apoio e confiança a mim concedidos. Aos meus amigos e amigas, em especial Maria Inês, por sua presença alegre e estimulante, por influenciarem minha maneira de pensar, escrever e ser, pela contribuição que enriquece a reflexão, meu permanente reconhecimento. Agradeço também aos que se fizeram entusiastas, motivando-me na realização desta atividade. Destaco aqui o bispo e meus irmãos no presbitério da Diocese de Limeira, com quem compartilho minha convicção e vocação. Ao povo de Deus na Quase-Paróquia Nossa Senhora do Rosário, que em seus esforços e compreensão, me estimularam e auxiliaram nas etapas de construção do presente trabalho. A todos que acreditam na ação irrestrita de Deus, no diálogo fecundo entre as religiões e no dom que esta unidade oferece à promoção de uma humanidade mais justa, fraterna e pacífica. A liberdade religiosa é o apogeu de todas as liberdades. Bento XVI Não haverá paz no mundo sem paz entre as religiões. Sem paz entre as religiões não haverá diálogo entre as religiões. Hans Küng RESUMO A Declaração Dignitatis humanae do Concílio Vaticano II apresenta doutrinariamente a concepção de liberdade religiosa fundamentada na dignidade da pessoa humana. Sobressai, neste ínterim, o fundamento antropológico que se desdobra do teológico e doutrinário, configurando a liberdade religiosa como o apogeu de todas as liberdades. O objetivo desta dissertação é desenvolver o processo de gênese deste tema, estabelecer a definição conceitual e apresentar o debate acerca da liberdade religiosa. Isto, mediante uma análise fenomenológica que desemboca na hermenêutica histórica e teológica dos períodos conciliares Antepreparatório, Preparatório e das quatro Sessões do Concílio Vaticano II, bem como de documentos do Magistério eclesiástico dos séculos XIX e XX que trataram do tema. O texto se estrutura de maneira sistemática em quatro capítulos. O primeiro deles se constitui em status quaestionis ao apresentar o contexto do desenvolvimento do tema da liberdade religiosa nos documentos magisteriais que antecedem a Dignitatis humanae, bem como o posicionamento do Magistério eclesiástico, que da intolerância religiosa, passa à tolerância e afirmação do direito à liberdade religiosa. O segundo e terceiro capítulos abarcam o conteúdo doutrinal dessa Declaração em seu contexto próximo, o do Concílio Vaticano II. Apresentam o processo de gênese da concepção de liberdade religiosa expressa no texto da Declaração Dignitatis humanae expondo e, já analisando, as diversas etapas temáticas e redacionais até que se chegue à versão definitiva da Declaração e da concepção de direito à liberdade religiosa. O quarto capítulo apresenta os desdobramentos jurídico, teológico, antropológico e ético prospectivos à Dignitatis humanae. Âmbito que possibilita a compreensão do fenômeno da pluralidade religiosa em termos de um horizonte possível não somente à reflexão teológica, mas também às ciências da religião, ao inferir da Declaração as suscitações concernentes à concepção de uma teologia das religiões como teologia do pluralismo religioso; cuja linguagem religiosa oferece contributo à constituição do Estado de direito democrático, que por sua vez, tem a função de tutelar e promover a liberdade religiosa. O tema da liberdade religiosa proporciona nova perspectiva para a livre prática da religião e inaugura amplo empenho dialógico entre a Igreja Católica, as outras Igrejas cristãs, as outras religiões, as pessoas “sem religião” e outras de “boa vontade”. Palavras-chave: Concílio Vaticano II, Dignitatis humanae, liberdade religiosa, dignidade da pessoa humana, pluralismo religioso, Estado de direito democrático. ABSTRACT The Declaration Dignitatis humanae of Second Vatican Council doctrinally introduces the concept of religious freedom founded on the dignity of the human person. Stands out, in the interim, the anthropological foundation, which unfolds the theological and doctrinal, setting up religious freedom as the apogee of all freedoms. The goal of this work is develop the theme process of genesis, establish the conceptual definition and present the discussion about religious freedom. This, through a phenomenological analysis that ends at the historical and theological hermeneutic of the conciliar periods before Preparatory, Preparatory and of the four Sessions of Vatican II and the Magisterium of the documents of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries which treated theme. The text is structured in a systematic way in four chapters. The first constitutes status quaestionis by presenting the context of religious freedom theme of development in magisterial documents prior to Dignitatis humanae, as well as the positioning of the Magisterium ecclesiastic, that of religious intolerance, passes to tolerance and affirmation of the right to freedom religious. The second and third chapters cover the doctrinal content of this Declaration in their immediate environment, the Second Vatican Council. They present the process of genesis of religious conception of freedom expressed in the text of the Declaration Dignitatis humanae, exposing and already analyzing the several thematic stages and redaction until it reaches the final version of the Declaration and the conception of the right to religious freedom. The fourth chapter presents the legal ramifications, theological, anthropological and ethical prospective to Dignitatis humanae. Framework that enables our understanding of the phenomenon of religious plurality in terms of a possible horizon not only to theological reflection, but also to religious studies, to infer from the declaration concerning the situations design of a theology of religions and theology of religious pluralism; whose religious language provides contribution to constitution of the States of democratic rights, which in turn has the function of protecting and promote religious freedom. The theme of religious freedom gives new perspective to the free practice of religion and opens wide dialogic engagement between the Catholic Church, other Christian churches, other religions, people "without religion" and other "good will". Keywords: Second Vatican Council, Dignitatis humanae, religious freedom, human dignity, religious pluralism, democratic rule of law. SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................... 11 CAPÍTULO I: “Evolução histórica” da liberdade religiosa ................................................... 24 1 Introdução ......................................................................................................................... 24 2 “Não façais falar o texto fora do contexto histórico e doutrinal; que não façais o peixe nadar fora da água”: a hermenêutica da reforma aplicada ao contexto histórico doutrinal dos documentos pontifícios oitocentistas e do século XX referentes à liberdade religiosa..................................................................................................................................26
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