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7 25274 81379 7 lndena science. There before it even started grow1ng.• Still there We put our 80 years of after scientific expertise and consumers commitment to quality to work even before our raw buy your materials germinate. We supervise plant product. cultivation and ensure Good Agricultural Practices are observed. We don't let up for a moment during the extraction of active principles, in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices. And our exhaustive analysis of the finished product, using validated methods, allows you to offer your customers the quality standards of tomorrow, today. To have the world leader as a partner, just get in touch. I dli www.indena.it Headquarters: lndena S.p.A.- Viale Ortles, 12-20139 Mlt.ift;>.;;~IMIIV lndena USA, Inc.- 1001 Fourth Avenue Plaza, Suite 3714- Seattle, WA . MdiU>:.. ~ lndena USA East, Inc. -1719 Route 10 East, Suite 311- Parsippany, NJ l Newer. c •• l if ~ . ·-..· . ~, t - ·~ - · ~ ' Purer. ---· . Bigger. Faster. Better. Smarter. u.s. n u t r a.. Within the 40,000 square feet of the brand spankin' new U.S. Nutra supercritical extract plant, adjectives rule. They rule our technology, they rule our lab, our products, our personnel, and even our lunchroom conversation. And we like it that way. You see we're on a mission. A mission to become the world leader in extract design through cutting-edge technology and pharmaceutical science. We're well on our way. And we're not stopping until we get there. We are currently the largest vertically-integrated saw palmetto producer in the world - growing, harvesting and extracting 100% in Florida. We have also created a wide range of all-natural C02 extracted botanicals for a variety of applications. Please contact a rep to learn more. About our superior astaxanthin complex Zanthine, about our proprietary USPius Saw Palmetto extract, and about our ultra-high pressure supercritical C02 extraction plant. The most sophisticated new facility on this great, big, beautiful, blue planet. Call us anytime. We love to talk extracts. 1.877.729.7256. www.USNutra.com CE RTI F IED ORGAN IC. CE RT IFIED KOSHER. U.S. Nutraceuticals. LLC 2751 Nutra Lane Eust1s. FL 32726 ©2003 U.S. Nutra. All nghts reserved. USPius Saw Palmeno and Zanth1n'" are trademarks of U.S. Nutra. Individuals, organizations, and companies who share our vision support our goals through membership. The American Botanical Council Invites You to e r-------------------------~ Yes, I want to join ABC o1n Pl ease detach application and mail to: American Botanical Council, P.O. Box 144345, Austin, TX 787 14-4345 or join online at www. herbalgram .org To join, please fill out this form or call us at 1-800-373-7105 x 119 0 Individual - $50 or fill out an application online at www.herbalgram.org 0 Academic- $ 100 0 Professional - $150 0 Organization - $250 Membership Leve Is Please add $20 for addresses ourside rile U.S. (Add $20 postage ror international delivery ror above levels.) Individual - $50 Academic- $100 0 Corporate and Sponsor levels. 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Pharmacognosist and herbal Director, National Tropical Botanical research consultant, Kennebunk, Garden, Kauai, Hawaii reader Maine lyle E. Craker, Ph .D. John Thor Arnason, Ph .D. Professor, Department of Plant and }\. BC has seen lots of activi ty in the past few months, with good news Professor of Biology, Department of Soil Sciences, University of Biology, University of Ottawa, Massachusetts, Amherst rl.and , of co urse, bad. First, so me of the good. Newsweek (circulation over 2 1 million) Ontario, Canada Edward M. Croom, Jr., Ph.D. Dennis V. C. Awang , Ph.D., Scie ntific and Regulatory Affairs picked up on our cover story on Rhodiola rosea in HerbalGram 56 with F.CI.C. Manager, lndena USA East, Inc., a one-page article in their February 3 edition, summarizing its benefits MediPiant Natural Products Paramus, New Jersey and market potential (" Herbal Stress Buster?"). We had about eight Consulting Services, White Rock, B.C., Wade Davis, Ph.D. interviews and emails wi th reporter Anne Underwood. Unfortunately, Canada Author, ethnobotanist, mention of HerbalGram and ABC were cut for space reasons, but she Manuel F. Balandrin, R.Ph., Washington, D.C. quoted us saying rhodiola has many of the Ph.D. Steven Dentali, Ph.D. elements of bei ng the nex t herbal "s uperstar" - Research Scientist, NPS Vice President of Scientific and good safety record, compelling benefits, and a Pharmaceuticals, Salt Lake City, Utah Technical Affairs, American Herb al growing body of scientific informati on. Frankly, Bruce Barrett, M.D., Ph.D. Products Association, Silver Spring, we do not like to promote herbs as "s uperstars," Assistant Professor of Family Maryland preferring steady, sustainable growth based on Medicine, University of Wisconsin­ Hardy Eshbaugh, Ph.D reasonable scientific evidence instead of faddish Madison Medical School Professor of Botany & Assistant spikes, but you never know what a reporter is Marilyn Barrett, Ph.D. Curator, Willard Sherman Turrell going to quote from more than an hour of Pharmacognosy Consulting Service, Herbarium, Miami University, combined interviews! T hanks, Anne, for the San Carlos, California Oxford, Ohio accurate, positive report, and thanks also to Bradley C. Bennett, Ph.D. Ad riane Fugh-Berman, M.D. "medici ne hunter" C hris Kilham who first sugges ted the story ro Associate Professor of Biology, Florida Au th or, Assistant Clinical Professor, International University, Miami George Washington University Newsweek. Some more good news: Last fall Family Circle, available at thousands Joseph M. Betz, Ph.D. School of Medicine, Washington, DC of supermarket checkout stands (circulation: 21 million), ran a two­ Director of the Dietary Supplements Joe Graedon, M.S. Methods and Reference Materials Author, syndicated columnist, radio page piece "Herbal Remedies that Really Work!" based primaril y on Program, Office of Dietary host, Durham, North Carolina material from our forthcoming book, The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs. Supplements, National Institutesof Mary Hardy, M.D. The message pres umably attempts to counter recent misleading media Health, Bethesda, Maryland Director, Cedars-Si nai Integrative headlines that doubt the benefits of some leading herbs (see below). Peggy Brevoort Medicine Medical Group, Los Now some bad news. In this column, we have ex pressed concerns Co-founder and former CEO of East Angeles, California that many media stori es are biased against herbs, citing recent reports Earth Herb; former President, Christopher Hobbs, LAc., AHG on trials on St. John's wort and ginkgo, plus a highly biased and erro­ American Herbal Products Herbalist, botanist, licensed neous article in a recent Wall Street journal, as examples. Association; Seattle, Washington acupuncturist, Davis, Cal ifornia Now there's more evidence to support this. On December 9, ABC Francis Brinker, N.D. David Hoffmann, B.Sc., issued a press release on the Cochrane Coll aboration's recent review of Lead Instructor on Botanical M.N.I.M.H 33 controlled clinical trials on gi nkgo for rreatmem of dementia in Medicine for Associate Fellows, Medical herbalist, Santa Rosa, older ad ults, which may be fo und on our website Program for Integrative Medicine, California <www.herbalgram.org>. Cochrane concluded that these trials showed University of Arizona, Tucson Maurice M.lwu, Ph.D. "promising evidence" that ginkgo was safe and effective in treating Donald J. Brown, N.D. Bioresources Development an d certain cognitive disorders associated with aging. Previously, much of Director, Natural Products Research Conservation Program, Senior Consultants, Seattle, Washington the mainstream media (mis)reported that "Ginkgo does n't improve Research Associate at the Division of memory" based on th e Solomon srudy published in and highly Thomas J.S.
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  • Exploring the Patterns of Alpine Vegetation of Eastern Bhutan: a Case Study from the Merak Himalaya Karma Jamtsho1* and Kitichate Sridith2

    Exploring the Patterns of Alpine Vegetation of Eastern Bhutan: a Case Study from the Merak Himalaya Karma Jamtsho1* and Kitichate Sridith2

    Jamtsho and Sridith. SpringerPlus (2015) 4:304 DOI 10.1186/s40064-015-1066-8 RESEARCH Open Access Exploring the patterns of alpine vegetation of Eastern Bhutan: a case study from the Merak Himalaya Karma Jamtsho1* and Kitichate Sridith2 Abstract A survey was conducted from March to September 2012 along the altitudinal gradient of the Jomokungkhar trail in the Merak Himalaya of Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary to study the floristic compositions and the patterns of alpine veg- etation of Eastern Bhutan. The vegetation of the sampled plots is classified into five types of communities based on the hierarchical cluster analysis at similarity index 63% viz., (1) Riverine Community; (2) Abies–Rhododendron Woodland Community; (3) Juniperus Scrub Community; (4) Rhododendron Krummholz and (5) Alpine Meadow, based on the floristic compositions. In addition, it was noticed that the fragile alpine environment of the Merak Himalaya has high plant diversity and important plants that are susceptible to the anthropogenic pressures. Keywords: Vegetation, Eastern Bhutan, Himalaya, Alpine floristic community, Merak, Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary Background of Bhutan and some other works (Campbell and Long The Bhutan Himalaya is the main part of the East- 1987; Clement 1999, 2001; Long and Rae 1991; Grierson ern Himalaya, which spans ca. 700 km (Oshawa 1987), and Long 1983, 1984, 1987, 1991, 1999, 2001; Grierson located at the junction of two major biogeographic and Springate 2001; Gurung 2006; Gyeltshen 2012; Hoch realms of the Indo-Malayan and the Palearctic. The 1991; Mill 1999, 2001; Pearce and Cribb 2002; Rae 1991; region composed of mountains of simple slopes sepa- Wilson 1991). Therefore, floristic records of Bhutan may rated by deep river gorges and valleys consists of a num- be incomplete and shall require further surveys and stud- ber of unique habitats ranging from subtropical jungles ies, especially in the remote and understudied areas.