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Bahá'u'lláh Era Nouă

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Bahá'u'lláh Era Nouă J. E. ESSLEMONT BAHÁ’U’LLÁH ŞI ERA NOUĂ O introducere în Credinţa Bahá’í Editura Bahá’í Titlul în original „Bahá’u’lláh and the New Era” J. E. Esslemont BAHÁ’Í PUBLISHING TRUST WILMETTE, ILLINOIS Copyright 1950, 1970, 1976, 1980 by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României ESSLEMONT, J. E. Bahá’u’lláh şi era nouă : o introducere în credinţa Bahá’í / J. E. Esslemont. - Ed. a 3-a, rev. - Bucureşti : Bahá’í, 2014 ISBN 978-973-8037-10-6 297.8 Bahá’u’lláh COPYRIGHT © ADUNAREA SPIRITUALĂ NAŢIONALĂ A BAHÁ’ÍLOR DIN ROMÂNIA, 2014 Publicată în România de către Editura Bahá'í Bucureşti, 2014 Tradusă sub egida Adunării Spirituale Naţionale a Bahá'ílor din România Coperta - DTP: Romeo Dragnea Corectură: Antusa Dragnea e-mail: [email protected] www.bahai.org.ro Cuprins Prefaţă la ediţia din 1937 xi Prefaţă la ediţia din 1950 xii Prefaţă la ediţia din 1970 xiii Introducere xiv 1. VEȘTI ADUCĂTOARE DE BUCURIE Cel mai important eveniment din istorie 1 Schimbarea lumii 3 Soarele Dreptăţii 5 Misiunea lui Bahá’u’lláh 6 Împlinirea profeţiilor 7 Dovezi ale rangului de Profet 10 Dificultăţile cercetării 11 Scopul cărţii 12 2. BÁB: VESTITORUL Locul naşterii noii Revelaţii 15 Tinereţea lui Báb 17 Declaraţia 18 Răspândirea Mişcării Bábí 19 Afirmaţiile lui Báb 20 Intensificarea persecuţiilor 21 Martirizarea lui Báb 22 Mormântul de pe Muntele Carmel 24 Scrierile lui Báb 24 Cel pe Care Dumnezeu Îl va manifesta 25 Învierea, raiul şi iadul 26 Învăţături sociale şi morale 27 Suferinţă şi triumf 28 iii 3. BAHÁ’U’LLÁH: SLAVA LUI DUMNEZEU Naşterea şi tinereţea 31 În închisoare, acuzat de a fi bábí 32 Exilul la Baghdád 34 Doi ani de sihăstrie 35 Mullá se împotrivesc 37 Declaraţia din Riḍván de lângă Baghdád 39 Constantinopol şi Adrianopol 40 Scrisori către regi 41 Întemniţarea în ‘Akká 43 Restricţiile slăbesc 44 Se deschid porţile închisorii 45 Viaţa la Bahjí 49 Înălţarea 52 Rangul de Profet al lui Bahá’u’lláh 53 Misiunea Lui 59 Scrierile Sale 61 Spiritul bahá’í 64 4. ‘ABDU’L‑BAHÁ: SERVITORUL LUI BAHÁ Naşterea şi copilăria 67 Tinereţea lui ‘Abdu’l-Bahá 69 Căsătoria 70 Centrul Legământului 72 Revenirea la stricteţea detenţiei 73 Ancheta turcă 76 Călătorii în Occident 77 Întoarcerea în Ţara Sfântă 79 Haifa în timpul războiului 81 Sir ‘Abdu’l-Bahá ‘Abbás, Cavaler al Ordinului Imperiului Britanic 82 Ultimii ani 83 Înălţarea lui ‘Abdu’l-Bahá 84 Scrieri şi conferinţe 86 Rangul lui ‘Abdu’l-Bahá 87 Model de viaţă bahá’í 90 iv 5. CE ESTE UN BAHÁ’Í Modul de viaţă 91 Dedicarea lui Dumnezeu 92 Căutarea adevărului 94 Iubirea de Dumnezeu 96 Detaşarea 98 Supunerea 100 Slujirea 101 Învăţăturile 102 Politeţea şi respectul 103 Ochiul care ascunde păcatele 106 Smerenia 107 Adevărul şi cinstea 109 Cunoaşterea de sine 110 6. RUGĂCIUNEA Convorbire cu Dumnezeu 113 Sentimentul de devoţiune 114 Necesitatea unui mijlocitor 116 Obligativitatea şi necesitatea rugăciunii 118 Rugăciunea în grup 120 Rugăciunea, expresia dragostei 121 Izbăvirea de nenorociri 122 Rugăciunea şi legile firii 124 Rugăciunile bahá’í 125 7. SĂNĂTATEA ŞI VINDECAREA Trupul şi sufletul 129 Unitatea întregii vieţii 129 Viaţa simplă 130 Alcoolul şi narcoticele 131 Distracţiile 131 Curăţenia 132 Urmările ascultării poruncilor Profeţilor 133 Profetul ca medic 134 Vindecarea prin mijloace materiale 135 Vindecarea prin mijloace imateriale 137 Puterea Duhului Sfânt 138 v Starea sufletească a bolnavului 139 Tămăduitorul 142 Cum poate oricine să ajute 144 Era de Aur 145 Folosirea corectă a sănătăţii 145 8. UNITATEA RELIGIOASĂ Sectele în secolul al nouăsprezecelea 147 Mesajul lui Bahá’u’lláh 149 Poate firea omenească să se schimbe? 150 Primii paşi spre unitate 152 Problema autorităţii 153 Revelaţia progresivă 155 Infailibilitatea Profeţilor 157 Suprema Manifestare 159 O nouă stare a lucrurilor 160 Bogăţia Revelaţiei bahá’í 161 Legământul bahá’í 163 Lipsa preoţilor de profesie 166 9. ADEVĂRATA CIVILIZAŢIE Religia, temelia civilizaţiei 169 Dreptatea 170 Cârmuirea 172 Libertatea politică 175 Stăpânii şi supuşii 176 Numirea şi promovarea 177 Problemele economice 178 Finanţele Publice 180 Împărţirea voluntară 181 Munca pentru toţi 181 Etica bogăţiei 182 Abolirea sclaviei industriale 183 Testamentul şi moştenirea 185 Egalitatea dintre bărbaţi şi femei 186 Femeile şi era nouă 189 Renunţarea la metodele violente 190 Educaţia 191 vi Deosebiri înnăscute între oameni 193 Dezvoltarea caracterului 194 Arte, ştiinţe şi meşteşuguri 194 Modul de tratare al infractorilor 195 Influenţa presei 197 10. CALEA SPRE PACE Vrajba sau buna înţelegere 199 Pacea cea Mare 201 Prejudecăţile religioase 201 Prejudecăţile de rasă şi de patrie 204 Ambiţiile teritoriale 206 Limba universală 208 Liga Universală a Naţiunilor 211 Arbitrajul internaţional 213 Limitarea înarmării 215 Neîmpotrivirea 216 Lupta îndreptăţită 218 Unitatea dintre Răsărit şi Apus 220 11. DIVERSE PORUNCI ŞI ÎNVĂŢĂTURI Viaţa monahală 223 Căsătoria 224 Divorţul 226 Calendarul bahá’í 227 Adunările Spirituale 228 Sărbătorile bahá’í, comemorările şi zilele de post 231 Sărbătorile bahá’í 231 Postul 233 Întâlnirile 234 Sărbătoarea de Nouăsprezece Zile 236 Mashriqu’l-Adhkár 237 Viaţa după moarte 239 Raiul şi iadul 242 Unitatea celor două lumi 244 Inexistenţa Răului 248 vii 12. RELIGIE ŞI ŞTIINŢĂ Cauza neînţelegerilor 251 Prigonirea Profeţilor 252 Zorii reconcilierii 254 Căutarea adevărului 256 Agnosticismul 257 Cunoaşterea lui Dumnezeu 258 Manifestările Divine 259 Creaţia 260 Evoluţia omului 262 Trupul şi sufletul 265 Unitatea omenirii 267 Era Unităţii 268 13. PROFEŢIILE ÎMPLINITE DE MIȘCAREA BAHÁ’Í Interpretarea profeţiilor 271 Venirea Domnului 272 Profeţiile privitoare la Iisus 273 Profeţiile privitoare la Báb şi Bahá’u’lláh 275 Slava lui Dumnezeu 277 Ramura 278 Ziua Domnului 280 Ziua Judecăţii 281 Marea Înviere 283 Întoarcerea lui Iisus 285 Sfârşitul lumii 287 Semne în Cer şi pe Pământ 290 Chipul Venirii Lui 293 14. ‘ABDU’L‑BAHÁ Puterea de creaţie a Cuvântului lui Dumnezeu 299 Napoleon al III-lea 303 Germania 304 Persia 305 Turcia 306 America 309 Marele Război 310 Tulburările sociale după război 311 viii Venirea Împărăţiei lui Dumnezeu 316 ‘Akká şi Haifa 319 15. PRIVIRE RETROSPECTIVĂ ȘI DE PERSPECTIVĂ Progresul Cauzei 321 Rangul de Profet al lui Báb şi Bahá’u’lláh 323 O perspectivă glorioasă 324 Renaşterea religiei 326 Nevoia unei noi Revelaţii 326 Adevărul este al tuturor 327 Testamentul lui ‘Abdu’l-Bahá 328 Păzitorul Cauzei lui Dumnezeu 332 Mâinile Cauzei lui Dumnezeu 334 Ordinea Administrativă 335 Ordinea Mondială a lui Bahá’u’lláh 347 16. EPILOG ix PREFAŢĂ LA EDIŢIA DIN 1937 Apariţia cărţii „Bahá’u’lláh și Era Nouă” cu mai bine de zece ani în urmă a însemnat pentru Credinţa Bahá’í, pentru prima dată, o reprezentare corectă și completă izvorâtă din- tr-un studiu aprofundat al învăţăturilor. Considerând-o drept cea mai de seamă introducere a Cauzei, bahá’íi din Răsărit și Apus au găsit lucrarea lui Dr. Esslemont atât de utilă, încât au tradus-o repede în treizeci de limbi. Aşa cum a recunoscut însuşi Dr. Esslemont, după înălţa- rea lui ‘Abdu’l-Bahá Credinţa a intrat într-o nouă fază a istoriei sale. Ca urmare, părerile autorului, unele dintre ele datând dinainte de 1921, nu mai corespund sub anumite aspecte ale subiectului caracterului evolutiv al Credinţei. Pe lângă aceasta, tratarea evenimentelor și a problemelor sociale în condițiile existente de atunci apare mai puțin adecvată. În mod inevitabil, se strecuraseră în text câteva erori faptice, dar explicarea rangurilor lui Báb și ‘Abdu’l-Bahá le-a fost ofe- rită bahá’ílor în interpretarea autorizată a primului Păzitor al Credinţei, Shoghi Effendi. De aceea, ediţia de faţă este o revizuire efectuată de că- tre Adunarea Spirituală Naţională a Statelor Unite sub îndru- marea și aprobarea lui Shoghi Effendi. Această revizuire nu a schimbat cu nimic planul original al lucrării lui Dr. Esslemont și nici nu a afectat textul în an- samblu. Scopul său a fost acela de a îmbogăţi dezbaterea din unele pasaje ale autorului prin adăugarea unui material ce aduce un plus de informaţie după regretata sa dispariție, precum și de a reînnoi traducerile citatelor din Scrierile Sfinte bahá’í. Bahá’í Publishing Committee ianuarie 1937 xi PREFAŢĂ LA EDIŢIA DIN 1950 Începând cu această ediţie Comitetul American pentru Publicaţiile Bahá’í a preluat drepturile de autor și alte drepturi pentru „Bahá’u’lláh și Era Nouă” de la George Allen & Unwin Ltd. din Londra, Anglia, prin intermediul cărora regretatul Dr. Esslemont şi-a publicat celebra sa carte cu mai bine de douăzeci de ani în urmă. Printr-un acord cu editorii englezi Comitetul a asigurat începând din 1928 unsprezece retipăriri care s-au adăugat la prima ediție americană importată din New York de către firma Brentano’s. Prezenta ediţie nu implică modificări în text, care au ră- mas valabile încă de la marea revizuire efectuată sub îndru- marea Păzitorului Credinţei în 1937, întrucât nu a sosit încă timpul pentru o refacere completă a lucrării care să ţină cont de situaţia mondială contemporană. Lucrarea lui Dr. Essle- mont rămâne în continuare o introducere competentă în istoria și învăţăturile Credinţei Bahá’í. Traducerea sa în vreo treizeci de limbi atestă renumele de care se bucură în rândul cititorilor care o studiază, atât din Răsărit, cât și din Apus. Mai adăugăm faptul că orice revizuire ulterioară a textu- lui trebuie să fie supusă aprobării lui Shoghi Effendi. Comite- tul nu este autorizat să efectueze revizuiri care ar fi dorite de către bahá’íi din alte ţări, în funcţie de cerinţele lor particulare. Bahá’í Publishing Committee decembrie 1950 xii PREFAŢĂ LA EDIŢIA DIN 1970 Din 1937 nu a mai fost adusă nicio revizie textului căr- ţii lui Dr. Esslemont, cu excepția câtorva rectificări de mică importanţă făcute în 1950. Pe de altă parte, răspândirea și dezvoltarea Credinţei Bahá’í au fost de atunci semnificative şi bibliografia bahá’í şi-a adăugat o bogată moştenire de ex- puneri neasemuite, traduceri și relatări istorice datorate con- deiului lui Shoghi Effendi, Păzitor al Credinţei și interpretul numit al Scrierilor Sfinte.
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