Reptiles De La Región Metropolitana

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Reptiles De La Región Metropolitana GUÍA DE..CAMPO/FIELD GUIDE REPTILES DE LA REGIŁN METROPOLITANA DE CHILE OF THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF CHILE Damien Esquerré Research School of Biology The Australian National University Herman Núñez Curador de Vertebrados Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile 1 Contenido Presentación/Presentation 7 Prólogo/Prologue 9 Introducción/Introduction 13 Cómo usar esta guía/How to use this guide 21 Reptiles de la Región Metropolitana 30 Reptiles of the Metropolitan Region Familia/Family Liolaemidae Grupo/Group bellii 32 Grupo/Group gravenhorstii/robertmertensi 44 Grupo/Group leopardinus 64 Grupos/Groups alticolor-bibronii & nigromaculatus 91 Grupos/Groups monticola & tenuis 106 Grupo/Group nigroviridis 118 Género/Genus Phymaturus 124 Familia/Family Leiosauridae Género/Genus Pristidactylus 135 Familia/Family Teiidae Género/Genus Callopistes 148 Familia/Family Dipsadidae 155 Especies introducidas en Chile/Introduced species in Chile 165 Clave de identificación/Identification key 173 Glosario/Glossary 185 Bibliografía/Bibliography 188 Créditos de imágenes/images credits 198 Índice de especies/Table of species 199 7 Donde verlos Para encontrar reptiles en las cercanías de Santiago no hace falta mucho esfuerzo. Habitan prácticamente todos los ecosistemas presentes en la región. En la cordillera de los Andes y de la Costa se pueden observar en primavera y verano hasta casi los 4.000 msm. También habitan en muchas zonas urbanas. Bosque esclerófilo. Hábitat de di- versas especies de reptiles en Chile, como Liolaemus lemniscatus, L. tenuis y Callopistes maculatus entre otros. Reserva Nacional Río Clarillo. Sclerophyllous forest. Habitat to many reptile species in Chile, such as Liolaemus lemniscatus, L. tenuis and Ca- llopistes maculatus. Río Clarillo National Reserve. Valle altoandino. Aunque en invier- no cubierto de nieve, durante el verano se ve gran número de lagar- tijas, en particular en esta localidad Liolaemus nigroviridis, L. valdesianus y L. moradoensis. Valle de las Are- nas, Cajón del Maipo. High Andean valley. Even though it’s covered in snow during Winter, during Summer a great number of lizards can be seen, particu- larly in this location Liolaemus nigroviridis, L. valdesianus and L. moradoensis. Las Arenas Valley, Cajón del Maipo. 17 Escamas dorsales redondeadas, el ejemplar fotogra- fiado es Liolaemus tenuis. Rounded dorsal scales, the pictured specimen is Liolaemus tenuis. Escamas dorsa- les lanceoladas y mucronadas, el ejemplar fotogra- fiado es Liolaemus chiliensis. Lanceo- late and mucronate triangular dorsal scales, the pictured specimen is Liolae- mus chiliensis. Número de esca- mas al medio del cuerpo, el punteo rojo muestra, por dorsal, cuales son las escamas a contar, a las que se agregan las ventrales. El ejem- plar fotografiado es Liolaemus chiliensis. Number of mid-body scales, red dots point out which are the scales to consider, the ventral ones must added to the count. The photogra- phed specimen is Liolaemus chiliensis. Especies similares/similar species Se dan los caracteres diagnósticos para diferenciar a la especie de otras especies similares. The diagnostic traits necessary to differentiate the species from other similar species. 27 Distribución de Liolaemus bellii en la Región Metropolitana en rojo. Distribution of Liolaemus bellii in the Metropolitan Region in red. Distribución de Liolaemus moradoensis en la Región Metro- politana en rojo. Distribution of Liolaemus moradoensis in the Metropolitan Region in red. 35 FAMILIA/FAMILY: LIOLAEMIDAE GRUPO/GROUP: bellii Liolaemus bellii Gray, 1845 Lagartija parda, lagartija de altura, lagartija de Bell Brown lizard, dusky lizard, mountain lizard, Bell’s lizard LHC promedio/Average SVL=70 mm (2.76 in), LC/TL=104 mm (4.09 in) Lagartija de tamaño medio. Cabeza más larga que ancha, y un cuello máss ancho que la cabeza, debido a un pliegue. Escamas dorsales de tamaño mediano, lanceoladas, muy quilladas en la superficie e imbricadas. Escamasas ventrales más grandes, redondeadas e imbricadas. Hay 51-56 escamas al medio del cuerpo. Machos con dos poros precloacales. Con un color de fondo entre oliva, amarillo y café. Variablemente pueden presentarse man-n- chas irregulares negras en la cabeza, que puede llegar a ser casi totalmen-- te negra. Medium sized lizard. Head longer than wide, with a neck wider than the head, due to a neckck fold. Medium sized dorsal scales, lanceolated, strongly keeled and imbricated. Ventral scaless larger, rounded and overlapping. There are 51-56 scales around midbody. Males have two precloacal pores. Background color ranging from olive, yellow to brown, variably irregular black spots may be seen on the head, sometimes being almost completely black. se acentúa el amarillo en la región ventral a yellow coloration is accentuated in the belly 36 Con 8-10 barras transversales oscuras sobre la región dorsal y lateral con un ángulo muy obtuso hacia la parte anterior, a menudo acompañadas por un margen blanco o amarillento en la parte posterior de la barra. A veces el animal presenta una coloración parda oscura más uniforme, o una deficiencia melánica y estas bandas se hacen menos visibles. Estas barras no siempre continúan hasta la cola, a veces se unen en una sola línea. It has 8-10 transversal dark stripes on the dorsal and lateral regions with a very obtuse angle towards the anterior part of the animal, often accompanied by a yellowish or white margin at the rear of the stripe. Sometimes the animal has a more uniform dark brown coloration, or a melanistic deficiency and these stripes become less visible. These stripes do not always continue until the tail and sometimes they join into one line. diseño dorsal difuso diffuse dorsal pattern adulto melánico melanic adult cuello más ancho que la cabeza neck wider than the head en estadíos juveniles, en diseño dorsal es mas conspicuo que en ejemplares mas viejos in juvenile stages dorsal pattern is more conspicuous than in older specimens Juveniles con dos bandas supraoculares anchas. juveniles with two wide su- praocular stripes. 37 barras transversales transversal stripes Arriba Liolaemus bellii dos adultos y un juvenil, centro un juvenil claro, abajo un adulto Above two adult and one juve- nile Liolaemus bellii, center: light juvenile, below adult L. bellii 38 Especies similares/similar species Se diferencia de Liolaemus moradoensis por tener una coloración más ana- ranjada y oscura, un diseño más irregular, carecer de bandas supraoculares definidas y tener un mayor tamaño. It differs from Liolaemus moradoensis by having a more dark, orange coloration, a more irregular pattern, lacking defined supraocular stripes and by being larger. Liolaemus bellii Liolaemus moradoensis banda supraocular supraocular stripe 39 Liolaemus bellii, individuo melánico/melanic individual Distribución/distribution Se ha registrado desde la Región de Valparaíso hasta la Región del Maule, pero estos registros no corresponden a Liolaemus bellii y pueden correspon- der a L. fitzgeraldi y L. curis respectivamente, aunque las poblaciones del valle Riecillo (Región de Valparaíso) sí corresponden a L. bellii. Además de esto, probablemente solo se encuentre desde la Región Metropolitana hasta la mina El Teniente (Región de O’Higgins), aunque estas poblaciones del sur merecen más estudio. Desde los 1.700 hasta 3.500 msm. En la Región Metro- politana, abundante en Farellones y en el valle del río San Francisco, también se encuentra en el cerro San Ramón, Lagunillas y la parte alta de la Reserva Nacional Río Clarillo. It has been documented from the Valparaiso to the Maule Región, but these records do not correspond to Liolaemus bellii and may correspond to L. fitzgeraldi and L. curis respectively, although the populations of Riecillo valley (Valparaíso Region) probably are L. bellii. Besides this, it is probably only found from the Metropolitan Region to El Teniente Mine (O’Higgins Region), although these southern populations deserve further studies. Found from 1700 to 3500 masl (5,580 to 11,500 ft). In the Metropolitan Region, abundant in Farellones and the San Francisco River Valley. It can also be found at San Ramón Mountain, Lagunillas and the high part of Río Clarillo National Reserve. Hábitat/habitat Saxícola, viviendo sobre roqueríos y entre arbustos altoandinos, asoleándo- se sobre las rocas y ocultándose bajo ellas al percibir peligro; en el invierno 40 cuando su hábitat se encuentra cubierto de nieve, estos animales se refugian bajo grandes rocas. Vive en simpatría con Liolaemus leopardinus, L. ramonensis y L. nigroviridis. Saxicolous, living on rocks and among andean shrubs, basking on the rocks and hiding under them when they perceive danger and in the winter when their habitat is covered with snow. It lives in sympatry with Liolaemus leopardinus, L. ramonensis and L. nigroviridis. Conducta/behavior Poco tímida y agresiva al ser capturada. Not a shy species, and very aggressive when captured. Alimentación/feeding Omnívora, alimentándose de vegetales e insectos. Se ha documentado que funciona como dispersor de semillas de zarcilla (Berberis empetrifolia). Omnivorous, feeding on plants and insects. It has been documented that it aids in the seed dispersal of Berberis empetrifolia. Reproducción/reproduction Vivípara, con un periodo de gestación de tres a cuatro meses, reproducción anual, entre noviembre y enero, y un promedio de dos a seis crías por cama- da a principios del verano. Existen evidencias de su reproducción en el otoño. Viviparous, with a gestation period of 3-4 months, annual reproduction, between November and January, and an average of two to six offspring per litter in early summer. There is evidence of breeding during autumn. Conservación/conservation Endémica. Rara/ Endemic. Rare. Nota/note Sinónima de Liolaemus altissimus. Las poblaciones de L. bellii pueden tener una densidad muy alta, a pesar de su clasificación como “rara” Synonym of Liolaemus altissimus. Populations of L. bellii can be very locally abundant (despite its classification as “rare”). Fuentes/references Donoso-Barros 1966, Núñez 1992, Leyton & Valencia 1992, Díaz & Simonetti 1996, Carothers et al. 1998, Diaz et al. 2002, Fox & Shipman 2003, Pincheira-Donoso & Núñez 2005, Mella 2005, Celedón-Neghme et al. 2008, Naya et al.
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