Philodryas Chamissonis (Wiegmann, 1834) NOMBRE COMÚN: Culebra De Cola Larga
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Lora Snake (Philodryas Olfersii) Venom
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 39(2):193-197, mar-abr, 2006 ARTIGO/ARTICLE Experimental ophitoxemia produced by the opisthoglyphous lora snake (Philodryas olfersii) venom Ofitoxemia experimental produzida pelo veneno da serpente opistoglifa lora (Philodryas olfersii) Alexis Rodríguez-Acosta1, Karel Lemoine1, Luis Navarrete1, María E. Girón1 and Irma Aguilar1 ABSTRACT Several colubrid snakes produce venomous oral secretions. In this work, the venom collected from Venezuelan opisthoglyphous (rear-fanged) Philodryas olfersii snake was studied. Different proteins were present in its venom and they were characterized by 20% SDS-PAGE protein electrophoresis. The secretion exhibited proteolytic (gelatinase) activity, which was partially purified on a chromatography ionic exchange mono Q2 column. Additionally, the haemorrhagic activity of Philodryas olfersii venom on chicken embryos, mouse skin and peritoneum was demonstrated. Neurotoxic symptoms were demonstrated in mice inoculated with Philodryas olfersii venom. In conclusion, Philodryas olfersii venom showed proteolytic, haemorrhagic, and neurotoxic activities, thus increasing the interest in the high toxic action of Philodryas venom. Key-words: Colubridae. Haemorrhage. Neurotoxic. Philodryas olfersii. Proteolytic activity. Venom. RESUMO Várias serpentes da família Colubridae produzem secreções orais venenosas. Neste trabalho, foi estudado o veneno coletado da presa posterior da serpente opistóglifa venezuelana Philodryas olfersii. Deferentes proteínas estavam presentes no veneno, sendo caracterizadas pela eletroforese de proteínas (SDS-PAGE) a 20%. A secreção mostrou atividade proteolítica (gelatinase) a qual foi parcialmente purificada em uma coluna de intercâmbio iônico (mono Q2). Adicionalmente, a atividade hemorrágica do veneno de Philodryas olfersii foi demonstrada em embriões de galinha, pele e peritônio de rato. Os sintomas neurológicos foram demonstrados em camundongos inoculados com veneno de Philodryas olfersii. -
Snakes: Cultural Beliefs and Practices Related to Snakebites in a Brazilian Rural Settlement Dídac S Fita1, Eraldo M Costa Neto2*, Alexandre Schiavetti3
Fita et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2010, 6:13 http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/6/1/13 JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE RESEARCH Open Access ’Offensive’ snakes: cultural beliefs and practices related to snakebites in a Brazilian rural settlement Dídac S Fita1, Eraldo M Costa Neto2*, Alexandre Schiavetti3 Abstract This paper records the meaning of the term ‘offense’ and the folk knowledge related to local beliefs and practices of folk medicine that prevent and treat snake bites, as well as the implications for the conservation of snakes in the county of Pedra Branca, Bahia State, Brazil. The data was recorded from September to November 2006 by means of open-ended interviews performed with 74 individuals of both genders, whose ages ranged from 4 to 89 years old. The results show that the local terms biting, stinging and pricking are synonymous and used as equivalent to offending. All these terms mean to attack. A total of 23 types of ‘snakes’ were recorded, based on their local names. Four of them are Viperidae, which were considered the most dangerous to humans, besides causing more aversion and fear in the population. In general, local people have strong negative behavior towards snakes, killing them whenever possible. Until the antivenom was present and available, the locals used only charms, prayers and homemade remedies to treat or protect themselves and others from snake bites. Nowadays, people do not pay attention to these things because, basically, the antivenom is now easily obtained at regional hospitals. It is under- stood that the ethnozoological knowledge, customs and popular practices of the Pedra Branca inhabitants result in a valuable cultural resource which should be considered in every discussion regarding public health, sanitation and practices of traditional medicine, as well as in faunistic studies and conservation strategies for local biological diversity. -
Bites by the Colubrid Snake Philodryas Patagoniensis: a Clinical and Epidemiological Study of 297 Cases
Toxicon 56 (2010) 1018–1024 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon Bites by the colubrid snake Philodryas patagoniensis: A clinical and epidemiological study of 297 cases Carlos R. de Medeiros a,b,*, Priscila L. Hess c, Alessandra F. Nicoleti d, Leticia R. Sueiro e, Marcelo R. Duarte f, Selma M. de Almeida-Santos e, Francisco O.S. França a,d a Hospital Vital Brazil, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil b Serviço de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil c Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil d Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil e Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil f Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil article info abstract Article history: We retrospectively analyzed 297 proven cases of Philodryas patagoniensis bites admitted to Received 9 November 2009 Hospital Vital Brazil (HVB), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil, between 1959 and 2008. Received in revised form 4 July 2010 Only cases in which the causative animal was brought and identified were included. Part of Accepted 9 July 2010 the snakes brought by the patients was still preserved in the collection maintained by the Available online 17 July 2010 Laboratory of Herpetology. Of the 297 cases, in 199 it was possible to describe the gender of the snake, and seventy three (61.3%) of them were female. -
(Wiegmann, 1835) (Reptilia, Squamata, Dipsadidae) from Chile
Herpetozoa 32: 203–209 (2019) DOI 10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e36705 Observations on reproduction in captivity of the endemic long-tailed snake Philodryas chamissonis (Wiegmann, 1835) (Reptilia, Squamata, Dipsadidae) from Chile Osvaldo Cabeza1, Eugenio Vargas1, Carolina Ibarra1, Félix A. Urra2,3 1 Zoológico Nacional, Pio Nono 450, Recoleta, Santiago, Chile 2 Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile 3 Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago, Chile http://zoobank.org/8167B841-8349-41A1-A5F0-D25D1350D461 Corresponding author: Osvaldo Cabeza ([email protected]); Félix A. Urra ([email protected]) Academic editor: Silke Schweiger ♦ Received 2 June 2019 ♦ Accepted 29 August 2019 ♦ Published 10 September 2019 Abstract The long-tailed snake Philodryas chamissonis is an oviparous rear-fanged species endemic to Chile, whose reproductive biology is currently based on anecdotic reports. The characteristics of the eggs, incubation time, and hatching are still unknown. This work describes for the first time the oviposition of 16 eggs by a female in captivity at Zoológico Nacional in Chile. After an incubation period of 59 days, seven neonates were born. We recorded data of biometry and ecdysis of these neonates for 9 months. In addition, a review about parameters of egg incubation and hatching for Philodryas species is provided. Key Words Chile, colubrids, eggs, hatching, oviposition, rear-fanged snake, reproduction Introduction Philodryas is a genus composed of twenty-three ovipa- especially P. aestiva (Fowler and Salomão 1995; Fowl- rous species widely distributed in South America (Grazzi- er et al. 1998), P. nattereri (Fowler and Salomão 1995; otinet al. -
Squamata, Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Philodryas Viridissima (Linnaeus, 1758): First Record in the State of Acre, Northern
Check List 8(2): 258-259, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution N Squamata, Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Philodryas viridissima (Linnaeus, 1758): First record in the state of Acre, northern ISTRIBUTIO Brazil D 1* 2 3 RAPHIC Marco Antonio de Freitas , Daniella Pereira Fagundes de França and Paulo Sérgio Bernarde G EO G 1 Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). Rua do Maria da Anunciação 208. CEP 69932-000. Brasiléia, AC, Brazil. N 2 Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Rio Branco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais. CEP 69915-900. Rio O Branco, AC, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta, Centro Multidisciplinar, Laboratório de Herpetologia. CEP 69980-000. Cruzeiro do Sul, AC, Brazil. OTES * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] N Abstract: The common green racer Philodryas viridissima (Linnaeus, 1758) is an arboreal and terrestrial snake species broadly distributed in southern Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Guiana, Suriname, French Guiana, Paraguay up P. viridissima in the state of Acre, Brazil, in the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve. This record expands the species distribution in 280 km to the southwest of Boca do Acre, stateto Argentina, of Amazonas, and most which of wasBrazil. the In nearest this study, record we of report this species the first in recordBrazilian of Amazon until now. The genus Phylodryas Wagler, 1830 comprises 19 improves the basic knowledge of Philodryas viridissima recognized species (Zaher et al. 2008; 2009), out of which occurrence, which may be essential for future studies 13 occur in Brazil (Bérnils 2010). -
Geographical Data of Chilean Lizards and Snakes in the Museo Nacional De Historia Natural Santiago, Chile
GEOGRAPHICAL DATA OF CHILEAN LIZARDS AND SNAKES IN THE MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL SANTIAGO, CHILE HERMAN NUNEZ Seccion Zoologia Museo Nacional de Historia Natural SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE NO. 91 1992 SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE The SHIS series publishes and distributes translations, bibliographies, indices, and similar items judged useful to individuals interested in the biology of amphibians and reptiles, but unlikely to be published in the normal technical journals. Single copies are distributed free to interested individuals. Libraries, herpetological associations, and research laboratories are invited to exchange their publications with the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. We wish to encourage individuals to share their bibliographies, translations, etc. with other herpetologists • through the SHIS series. If you have such items please contact George Zug for instructions on preparation and submission. Contributors receive 50 free copies. Please address all requests for copies and inquiries to George Zug, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560 USA. Please include a self-addressed mailing label with requests. INTRODUCTION The herpetological collections of the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (MNHNC) contains about 3500 amphibians and reptiles. Nearly 90% of the specimens are lizards, and of these, most are Liolaemus , the most diversified member of the Chilean herpetofauna. The specimens of Liolaemus derive mainly from "central Chile", i.e., the area between the city of La Serena and the Biobio River. Both northern and southern Chile are relatively unexplored; thus, the taxonomy and composition of these herpetof aunas is less well known. The distribution of Chilean lizards and snakes has not received much attention (however, see Valencia & Velosa 1981, Velosa & Navarro 1988) beyond the general information provided by Peters & Donoso-Barros (1970) and Donoso-Barros (1966, 1970). -
(Leptophis Ahaetulla Marginatus): Characterization of Its Venom and Venom-Delivery System
(This is a sample cover image for this issue. The actual cover is not yet available at this time.) This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the author's institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights Author's Personal Copy Toxicon 148 (2018) 202e212 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon Assessment of the potential toxicological hazard of the Green Parrot Snake (Leptophis ahaetulla marginatus): Characterization of its venom and venom-delivery system Matías N. Sanchez a, b, Gladys P. Teibler c, Carlos A. Lopez b, Stephen P. Mackessy d, * María E. Peichoto a, b, a Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovacion Productiva, Argentina b Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Ministerio de Salud de la Nacion, Neuquen y Jujuy s/n, 3370, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina c Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), -
Colubrid Venom Composition: an -Omics Perspective
toxins Review Colubrid Venom Composition: An -Omics Perspective Inácio L. M. Junqueira-de-Azevedo 1,*, Pollyanna F. Campos 1, Ana T. C. Ching 2 and Stephen P. Mackessy 3 1 Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; [email protected] 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639-0017, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-11-2627-9731 Academic Editor: Bryan Fry Received: 7 June 2016; Accepted: 8 July 2016; Published: 23 July 2016 Abstract: Snake venoms have been subjected to increasingly sensitive analyses for well over 100 years, but most research has been restricted to front-fanged snakes, which actually represent a relatively small proportion of extant species of advanced snakes. Because rear-fanged snakes are a diverse and distinct radiation of the advanced snakes, understanding venom composition among “colubrids” is critical to understanding the evolution of venom among snakes. Here we review the state of knowledge concerning rear-fanged snake venom composition, emphasizing those toxins for which protein or transcript sequences are available. We have also added new transcriptome-based data on venoms of three species of rear-fanged snakes. Based on this compilation, it is apparent that several components, including cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRiSPs), C-type lectins (CTLs), CTLs-like proteins and snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), are broadly distributed among “colubrid” venoms, while others, notably three-finger toxins (3FTxs), appear nearly restricted to the Colubridae (sensu stricto). -
Reptiles De La Región Metropolitana
GUÍA DE..CAMPO/FIELD GUIDE REPTILES DE LA REGIŁN METROPOLITANA DE CHILE OF THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF CHILE Damien Esquerré Research School of Biology The Australian National University Herman Núñez Curador de Vertebrados Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile 1 Contenido Presentación/Presentation 7 Prólogo/Prologue 9 Introducción/Introduction 13 Cómo usar esta guía/How to use this guide 21 Reptiles de la Región Metropolitana 30 Reptiles of the Metropolitan Region Familia/Family Liolaemidae Grupo/Group bellii 32 Grupo/Group gravenhorstii/robertmertensi 44 Grupo/Group leopardinus 64 Grupos/Groups alticolor-bibronii & nigromaculatus 91 Grupos/Groups monticola & tenuis 106 Grupo/Group nigroviridis 118 Género/Genus Phymaturus 124 Familia/Family Leiosauridae Género/Genus Pristidactylus 135 Familia/Family Teiidae Género/Genus Callopistes 148 Familia/Family Dipsadidae 155 Especies introducidas en Chile/Introduced species in Chile 165 Clave de identificación/Identification key 173 Glosario/Glossary 185 Bibliografía/Bibliography 188 Créditos de imágenes/images credits 198 Índice de especies/Table of species 199 7 Donde verlos Para encontrar reptiles en las cercanías de Santiago no hace falta mucho esfuerzo. Habitan prácticamente todos los ecosistemas presentes en la región. En la cordillera de los Andes y de la Costa se pueden observar en primavera y verano hasta casi los 4.000 msm. También habitan en muchas zonas urbanas. Bosque esclerófilo. Hábitat de di- versas especies de reptiles en Chile, como Liolaemus lemniscatus, L. tenuis y Callopistes maculatus entre otros. Reserva Nacional Río Clarillo. Sclerophyllous forest. Habitat to many reptile species in Chile, such as Liolaemus lemniscatus, L. tenuis and Ca- llopistes maculatus. Río Clarillo National Reserve. -
A New Andean Species of Philodryas (Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae) from Ecuador
Zootaxa 3785 (3): 469–480 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.8 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1096CF9D-CEE2-4A2C-9750-A3056A601BD9 A new Andean species of Philodryas (Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae) from Ecuador HUSSAM ZAHER1,6, JUAN C. ARREDONDO1, JORGE H. VALENCIA2, ERNESTO ARBELÁEZ3, MIGUEL T. RODRIGUES4 & MARCO ALTAMIRANO-BENAVIDES5 1 Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, CEP. 04263-000, Ipiranga, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 2 Fundación Herpetológica Gustavo Orcés, Av. Amazonas 3008 y Rumipamba, Quito, Ecuador 3 Bioparque Amaru y Zoológico de Cuenca, Autopista Cuenca, Azogues, Km. 10,5, Cuenca, Ecuador 4 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11.46 1, CEP 05422-970, São Paulo, Brazil 5 Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Iberoamericana del Ecuador, 9 de Octubre N 25-12 y Av. Colón, Quito-Ecuador 6 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We describe a new species of Philodryas from the highlands of southern Ecuador. The new species is distinguished from all known species of Philodryas by a unique combination of coloration, scalation, and hemipenial characters. The new species resembles Philodryas simonsii in color pattern. However, they differ notoriously by their hemipenial morphology. The three other trans-Andean members of the genus (Philodryas simonsii, Philodryas chamissonis, and Philodryas tachy- menoides), along with the new species, compose a probably monophyletic group that may be characterized by the presence of ungrooved postdiastemal teeth in the maxilla. -
Death of a Snake Philodryas Nattereri (Squamata: Dipsadidae) After Predation on a Large-Sized Lizard Tropidurus Hispidus (Squamata: Tropiduridae)
Herpetology Notes, volume 6: 55-57 (2013) (published online on 17 March 2013) Death of a snake Philodryas nattereri (Squamata: Dipsadidae) after predation on a large-sized lizard Tropidurus hispidus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) Luciano Modesto Nascimento Menezes1, Paulo Mauricio Almeida Guimarães Reis1, Kariny de Souza1, Isis Cristina Urias1, Fábio Miranda Walker1 and Leonardo Barros Ribeiro1,2.* The New World Dipsadidae are one of the largest eastern Bolivia, extreme northern Uruguay, and central radiations of colubroidean snakes, with more than 700 Argentina (Frost et al. 2001). In Brazil this genus is species distributed throughout the Americas and the West found from Caatinga and Cerrado areas to the restingas Indies (Hedges, Couloux and Vidal, 2009; Zaher et al., (tropical coastal vegetation), Atlantic and Amazon 2009; Vidal, Dewynter and Gower, 2010). In Brazil this Forest (Rodrigues, 1987; Ribeiro, Sousa and Gomides, family represents 63.5% of the Ophidia group, with 245 2009; Ribeiro and Freire, 2010). Tropidurus hispidus species (Bérnils and Costa, 2012). There are currently 13 is the largest species of the genus, with specimens species of Brazilian snakes of the genus Philodryas, and reaching up to 350 mm in total length (Freitas and Silva, P. nattereri (Paraguay Green Racer) is a medium-sized, 2005) and 45-139 mm snout-vent length (Ribeiro and active forager, reaching up to 180 mm in total length Freire, 2009). It is a habitat generalist and common in (Vitt, 1980). Its predominant coloring is grey, with small a wide range of Caatinga vegetation types (Rodrigues, black stains on the scales, and it exhibits opistoglyph 1987). This lizard, which displays daytime activity, is dentition. -
Redalyc.Morphological Variation of Philodryas Patagoniensis (Girard
Biota Neotropica ISSN: 1676-0611 [email protected] Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Brasil Vallim Gouveia, Rafaella; Alves Novelli, Iara; Matos Vieira, Fabiano; de Sousa, Bernadete Maria Morphological variation of Philodryas patagoniensis (Girard, 1858) (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) from Brazil, based on the study of pholidosis, coloration and morphometric features Biota Neotropica, vol. 17, núm. 1, 2017, pp. 1-9 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Campinas, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=199149836014 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Biota Neotropica 17(1): e20160237, 2017 ISSN 1676-0611 (online edition) article Morphological variation of Philodryas patagoniensis (Girard, 1858) (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) from Brazil, based on the study of pholidosis, coloration and morphometric features Rafaella Vallim Gouveia1*, Iara Alves Novelli2, Fabiano Matos Vieira3 & Bernadete Maria de Sousa2 1Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Comportamento animal Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil 2Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departamento de Zoologia, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil 3Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil *Corresponding author: Rafaella Vallim Gouveia, e-mail: [email protected] GOUVEIA, R.V., NOVELLI, I.A., VIEIRA, F.M., SOUSA, B.M. Morphological variation of Philodryas patagoniensis (Girard, 1858) (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) from Brazil, based on the study of pholidosis, coloration and morphometric features. Biota Neotropica. 17(1): e20160237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2016-0237 Abstract: The current study aimed to verify the relationship between the patterns of coloration, the morphometrical features and pholidosis of specimens of Philodryas patagoniensis from Brazil, with the sexual dimorphism of this species.