Principles of Sustainable Weed Able Weed
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EFFICACY of ORGANIC WEED CONTROL METHODS Scott Snell, Natural Resources Specialist
FINAL STUDY REPORT (Cape May Plant Materials Center, Cape May Court House, NJ) EFFICACY OF ORGANIC WEED CONTROL METHODS Scott Snell, Natural Resources Specialist ABSTRACT Organic weed control methods have varying degrees of effectiveness and cover a broad range of costs financially and in time. Studies were conducted at the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Cape May Plant Materials Center, Cape May Court House, New Jersey to examine the efficacy and costs of a variety of organic weed control methods: tillage, organic herbicide (acetic acid), flame treatment, solarization, and use of a smother cover crop. The smother cover and organic herbicide treatment plots displayed the least efficacy to control weeds with the average percent weed coverage of each method being over 97%. The organic herbicide plots also had the greatest financial costs and required the second most treatment time following the flame treatment plots. Although the flame treatment method was time consuming, it was effective resulting in an average of 12.14% weed coverage. Solarization required below average treatment time and resulted in an average of 49.22% weed coverage. The tillage method was found to be the most effective means of control and also had well below average financial costs and required slightly above average treatment time. INTRODUCTION The final results of the third biennial national Organic Farming Research Foundation’s (OFRF) survey found that organic producers rank weed control as one of the top problems negatively affecting their farms’ profitability (1999). Weed control options available for organic producers are far more limited than those of conventional production due to organic certification standards. -
PRINCIPLES of ORGANIC FARMING SIXTH SEMESTER Polytechnic In
A LECTURE NOTE ON Agron. 6.10 (1 + 1 = 2) PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC FARMING SIXTH SEMESTER Polytechnic in Agriculture College of Agriculture, NAU, Bharuch Agron. 6.10 (1 + 1 = 2) Principles of Organic Farming Theory: Chapter Chapter Page No. No. 1. ORGANIC FARMING-AN INTRODUCTION 2. PRINCIPLES, SCOPE AND COMPONENTS OF ORGANIC FARMING 3. COMPONENTS OF ORGANIC FARMING AND THEIR ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION 4. INITIATIVES FOR PROMOTING ORGANIC FARMING 5. NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING 6. DISEASE AND PEST MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING 7. WEED MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING 8. OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE OF NPOP AND NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR ORGANIC FARMING 9. CERTIFICATION AND ACCREDITATION PROCESS OF ORGANIC PRODUCT 10. ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS, MARKETING AND EXPORT POTENTIAL OF ORGANIC FARMING Reference books 1. Organic farming-Theory and Practice by S.P. Palaniappan and K. Annadurai 2. Principles of organic farming by S. R. Reddy 3. Principles of Agronomy by S. R. Reddy 4. Organic crop production (Principles and practices Vol-I: Principles and General Aspects) by J. P. Sharma 5. Principles and practices of organic farming by R. Balasubramanian, K. Balakrishnan and K. Sivasubramanian CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION, DEFINITION, CONCEPT, IMPORTANCE, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES, OBJECTIVES, ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC FARMING 1.1 Introduction: Green revolution technologies such as greater use of synthetic agro chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides, adoption of nutrient responsive, high-yielding varieties of crops, greater exploitation of irrigation potentials etc… has boosted the production out put in most of cases. Without proper choice and continues use of these high energy inputs is leading to decline in production and productivity of various crops as well as deterioration of soil health and environments. -
How to Manage Weeds in Maize for High Yields
7. Integrated weed management Two or more of the above methods are used in combination to manage weeds with resultant ecological as well as social -economic benefits. REMEMBER How to manage weeds To achieve high and good quality yields, timeliness and cost effectiveness are crucial for every weed control in maize for high yields option. Kenya Agricultural Research Institute P.O. Box 57811-00200, NAIROBI. Tel: 254-20-4183301-20, FAX 254-20-4183344 Email: [email protected] Website: www. kari.org Compiled by: Mwangi, H.W. For more information contact: Good maize yields Centre Director, KARI Kabete P.O Box 14733-00800, Nairobi. Tel: (020) 4444144 KARI information brochure series / 8 /2008 Ksh. 20 Introduction 2. Hand weeding 5. Plant residue mulches Competition between maize and weeds can cause total This is done using various tools like hoes, knives and These are crop residues that are used to cover the crop loss depending on several weed factors. ploughs. Two weedings between the 2nd and 7th spaces between the growing crops. week after germination are often adequate for maize These factors include: depending on the agro eco zone. This method is not common due to a shortage of crop residues and destruction by termites. i) Type of weeds which may be This should be:- • Grass or broad leafed • First weeding at 2-3 weeks • Free living or parasitic 6. Chemical weed control (Herbicides) • Second one at 6-7 weeks after emergence. • Weed life cycle (Annual (1yr), Biennial (2yrs) These are chemicals that kill weeds. They exist in form perennial (>2yrs)) weed. -
Efficacy of Intercropping Pattern in Reducing Weeds Infestation in Okra, Maize and Pepper Intercrop
International Journal of Weed Science and Technology ISSN 4825-3499 Vol. 2 (1), pp. 063-069, January, 2018. Available online at www.advancedscholarsjournals.org © Advanced Scholars Journals Full Length Research Paper Efficacy of intercropping pattern in reducing weeds infestation in okra, maize and pepper intercrop *Ubini C. Thomas, Jaymiwhie Obanna and Ikogho B. Patrick Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Port Harcourt, P. M. B 5323 Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Accepted 15 January, 2018 Field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intercropping pattern in reducing weed infestation in okra, maize and pepper intercrop; at the teaching and research farm of Rivers State University of Science and Technology Port Harcourt, Nigeria during 2009 and 2010 cropping season. Three intercropping pattern namely; alternate row intercropping, strip row intercropping and mixed intercropping were compared to sole cropping in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. The result reveal that weed biomass were significantly lower in both years in all forms of intercropping pattern compared to sole cropping or mono-cropping. Weed smothering efficiency in both years showed that mixed pattern (45.7%) >alternate row pattern (33.4%) > strip row pattern (11.5%). Crop yield were better in an intercrop system for maize and pepper in both years compared to -1 sole crop. However, mean okra fruit yield was highest in sole cropping (3253 kg ha ) when compared -1 to intercropping pattern. Maize yield was highest in mixed pattern (8,987 kg ha ) and lowest in sole -1 -1 cropping (6,955 kg ha ) while pepper fruit yield was highest in strip row pattern (5,435 kg ha ) and -1 lowest in mixed pattern (1,562 kg ha ). -
Aquaponicstheeasywaysample
HOW TO DO AQUAPONICS THE EASY Way A Step-by-Step, Affordable DIY Guide to the Most Efficient Food Production System in the History of Mankind If You Have Light and Heat You Can Have Plants and Fish! SUSANNE FRIEND & TIM MANN HOW TO DO AQUAPONICS THE EASY WAY! First Edition, December 2013 ©Susanne Friend, Tim Mann, and Friendly Aquaponics, Inc, 2013. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, or transmitted in any form without express written permission from the publisher (Friendly Aquaponics, Inc.), except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review; nor may any part of this book be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other, without express written permission from both the authors and publisher. Cover design, all document layout, design, and artwork ©Susanne Friend, 2013 This is designed to be an E-book, and is meant to be read on a mobile device or e-reader, and not printed at all, this saves TONS of paper! If you really need to print it, print it off your printer, but make sure to print only the pages you really need to print! Mahalo Nui Loa “Great thanks, Everlasting” To The People We Call “Farmily” First and foremost, thank you to Dr. James Rakocy, for his seminal work at the University of the Virgin Islands, and for hosting the 2007 Short Course that started us on this path. Along the way have been many excellent students who asked a critical question at just the right moment. -
Identifying & Managing Weeds in Gardens
Identifying & Managing Weeds in Gardens Todd Mervosh Valley Laboratory - Windsor The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station CAES- Spring Open House 2009 www.ct.gov/caes Definitions of WEED ‘Plant out of Place’ - any plant growing where it is not wanted. Plant with generally undesirable properties. Plant that spreads rapidly and competitively. “Plant that has mastered every survival skill except for learning how to grow in rows.” Doug Larson “A plant whose virtues have not yet been discovered.” Ralph Waldo Emerson “Is this a wildflower or a weed?” CAES- Spring Open House 2009 www.ct.gov/caes Field Violet / Field Pansy (Viola arvensis) CAES- Spring Open House 2009 www.ct.gov/caes CAES- Spring Open House 2009 www.ct.gov/caes WEEDS: NEGATIVES 1) Compete with crops / desirable plants for: • WATER, NUTRIENTS, SPACE, LIGHT 2) Reduce air flow in garden, keeping plants wetter & more prone to pathogens. 3) Can be alternate hosts for fungal diseases, or harbor insect pests. 4) Health Problems: Hay fever (ragweed), skin rashes (poison ivy). 5) Unattractive: Detract from beauty of garden or landscape planting. CAES- Spring Open House 2009 www.ct.gov/caes WEEDS: POSITIVES 1) Help protect soil from erosion. 2) Legumes (clovers, vetch) release nitrogen from root nodules into soil – add fertilizer. 3) Some weeds harbor beneficial insects. 4) Food sources for many animals. 5) Many weeds are edible for humans (purslane, lambsquarters, dandelion, etc.) 6) Some “weeds” are beautiful! CAES- Spring Open House 2009 www.ct.gov/caes Photo Credits Randy -
Flaming As a Method of Weed Control in Organic Farming Systems Dale R
Michigan State University Extension Bulletin E-3038 • New • January 2008 Flaming as a Method of Weed Control in Organic Farming Systems Dale R. Mutch, Extension Specialist, Michigan State University Simon A. Thalmann, Research Assistant, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station Todd E. Martin, Research Assistant, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station Dean G. Baas, Graduate Assistant, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station Introduction Some farmers have found that flaming Using fire to control controls certain weeds weeds in organic farming (lambsquarters and systems shows promise for pigweed, for example) reducing weed populations better than others without herbicides. A (mustards or common carefully directed flame ragweed) (Mutch et al., fueled by natural gas or liquid propane (LP) 2005). Flaming is more effective in a crop such as increases the temperature within the weed, causing corn, where the growing point is below the soil cells to rupture and effectively killing weeds surface, than in crops such as soybeans, where the while doing little damage to the crop (Fig. 1). growing point is aboveground. The authors of this Flaming disrupts weed growth through heat, so bulletin do not recommend using flaming to control it is important to flame when the plants are dry weeds in soybeans. and wind speed and direction are favorable. Both moisture and wind can lower the heat from the Exposing a weed seedling to flame for 1/10 of flame, reducing the effectiveness of the flaming a second (Row Crop, 2007) is usually enough to application (Mutch et al., 2005). ensure control, although this may vary with weed type and size (Fig. -
Permaculture Cairns Newsletter
Permaculture Cairns Inc. Established July, 2007 Web site: www.permaculturecairns.org.au Permaculture Cairns News Empowering communities with sustainable solutions Care for the Earth, Care for people, Share the excess Care of the Earth, Care of People, Share the excess _________________________________________________________________________________ November Public Info & General Meeting Night th Tuesday 19 6:30pm for 7pm start. Flexible Learning Centre, 90 Clarke Street, Manunda Clarke Street comes off Hoare on the Salvos Corner. There is wheel chair access. If you can spare the time, come early (6.15) to help us set up tables and chairs. Members please bring a plate of food to share for dinner, or make a small donation towards the refreshment costs. OOH! and bring a friend, all welcome but ! Financial Members are free. Un- financial members and non members pay $5 for the info night and dinner SPEAKERS for the month: Steve Bailey from Terrain Natural Resource Management will be our November Guest Speaker. Steve has recently been involved on a broad range of catchment issues with a wide variety of stakeholder groups. Some examples of relevant projects: Prioritisation of cactchment repair programs Strategic targeting of weed control Trials of new erosion control measures in riparian areas Revegetation of degraded sites for habitat connectivity – working with local Landcare groups. Building constructed wetlands as nutrient and sediment sinks on farm lands. Water quality monitoring – in particular looking at pesticide/herbicide runoff. Working with primary producers to help transition a move away from some conventional farming methods and adopting alternative practices where possible. LAST MONTHS’ GUEST SPEAKER Jaide from King Brown Technologies, the makers of King Brown Compost was our guest speaker at the last meeting. -
Invasive Plants in Your Backyard!
Invasive Plants In Your Backyard! A Guide to Their Identification and Control new expanded edition Do you know what plants are growing in your yard? Chances are very good that along with your favorite flowers and shrubs, there are non‐native invasives on your property. Non‐native invasives are aggressive exotic plants introduced intentionally for their ornamental value, or accidentally by hitchhiking with people or products. They thrive in our growing conditions, and with no natural enemies have nothing to check their rapid spread. The environmental costs of invasives are great – they crowd out native vegetation and reduce biological diversity, can change how entire ecosystems function, and pose a threat Invasive Morrow’s honeysuckle (S. Leicht, to endangered species. University of Connecticut, bugwood.org) Several organizations in Connecticut are hard at work preventing the spread of invasives, including the Invasive Plant Council, the Invasive Plant Working Group, and the Invasive Plant Atlas of New England. They maintain an official list of invasive and potentially invasive plants, promote invasives eradication, and have helped establish legislation restricting the sale of invasives. Should I be concerned about invasives on my property? Invasive plants can be a major nuisance right in your own backyard. They can kill your favorite trees, show up in your gardens, and overrun your lawn. And, because it can be costly to remove them, they can even lower the value of your property. What’s more, invasive plants can escape to nearby parks, open spaces and natural areas. What should I do if there are invasives on my property? If you find invasive plants on your property they should be removed before the infestation worsens. -
Definition of a Weed
Any “plant” can be a weed – it all depends entirely on a human’s opinion “A plant whose virtues have not yet been discovered” Some of these “plants” that humans call weeds are useful or desirable, others seem to have no real use ◦ Ralph Waldo Emerson Mixing the floss from milkweed Reduce wind and water erosion pods with down Provide food and habitat for wildlife produces an extremely Provides a source of labor for some lightweight Many minor uses thermal filling. Human food source The milkweed Some are truly valuable or desirable plants-- plant also -it all depends on HUMANS provides a habitat for monarch butterflies. common pokeweed Devil’s-claw A poisonous plant, yet when prepared Highly competitive properly can be weed whose seed eaten like a green capsules are used in leafy vegetable decorations. The similar to collard seeds can be greens. roasted and eaten much like sunflower seeds. It is still considered to be a weed by most. 1 An African herb, has long been popular in Medicines Europe for relieving back pain. Phytoremediation Researchers in Germany treated patients Ornamentals with Vioxx and devil’s-claw extract for 6 Minor foods weeks. Minor fibers 42% of the patients using devil’s-claw Soil stabilization/erosion control claimed reduced pain. 33% of the patients using Vioxx made the same claim. a. Two major ways weeds cause losses Two major ways weeds cause losses 1. Directly– actually reduces the cash return of the crop; amount in field, amount harvested, and/or quality. Indirectly - impact on land owner or society, not i. -
Estimated Cost of Production for Legalized Cannabis
WORKING P A P E R Estimated Cost of Production for Legalized Cannabis JONATHAN P. CAULKINS WR-764-RC July 2010 This product is part of the RAND working paper series. RAND working papers are intended to share researchers’ latest findings and to solicit informal peer review. They have been approved for circulation by RAND but have not been formally edited or peer reviewed. Unless otherwise indicated, working papers can be quoted and cited without permission of the author, provided the source is clearly referred to as a working paper. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. is a registered trademark. Estimated Cost of Production for Legalized Cannabis Jonathan P. Caulkins H. Guyford Stever Professor of Operations Research Carnegie Mellon University Heinz College & Qatar Campus RAND, Drug Policy Research Center Abstract This paper tries to estimate post-legalization production costs for indoor and outdoor cannabis cultivation as well as parallel estimates for processing costs. Commercial production for general use is not legal anywhere. Hence, this is an exercise in inference based on imperfect analogs supplemented by spare and unsatisfactory data of uncertain provenance. While some parameters are well grounded, many come from the gray literature and/or conversations with others making similar estimates, marijuana growers, and farmers of conventional goods. Hence, this exercise should be taken with more than a few grains of salt. Nevertheless, to the extent that the results are even approximately correct, they suggest that wholesale prices after legalization could be dramatically lower than they are today, quite possibly a full order of magnitude lower than are current prices. -
Robotic Weed Control Using Automated Weed and Crop Classification Xiaolong Wu, Stéphanie Aravecchia, Philipp Lottes, Cyrill Stachniss, Cédric Pradalier
Robotic weed control using automated weed and crop classification Xiaolong Wu, Stéphanie Aravecchia, Philipp Lottes, Cyrill Stachniss, Cédric Pradalier To cite this version: Xiaolong Wu, Stéphanie Aravecchia, Philipp Lottes, Cyrill Stachniss, Cédric Pradalier. Robotic weed control using automated weed and crop classification. 2020. hal-02484462 HAL Id: hal-02484462 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02484462 Preprint submitted on 19 Feb 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Robotic Weed Control Using Automated Weed and Crop Classification Xiaolong Wu Stephanie´ Aravecchia Georgia Institute of Technology UMI2958 GeorgiaTech-CNRS Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Metz 57070, France Atlanta, GA 30332, United States [email protected] [email protected] Philipp Lottes Cyrill Stachniss University of Bonn University of Bonn Department of Photogrammetry Department of Photogrammetry Bonn 53115, Germany Bonn 53115, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Cedric´ Pradalier UMI2958 GeorgiaTech-CNRS Metz 57070, France [email protected] Abstract Autonomous robotic weeding systems in precision farming have demonstrated their full potential to alleviate the current dependency on agrochemicals such as herbicides and pesticides, thus reducing environmental pollution and improving sustainability.