PRINCIPLES of ORGANIC FARMING SIXTH SEMESTER Polytechnic In
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EFFICACY of ORGANIC WEED CONTROL METHODS Scott Snell, Natural Resources Specialist
FINAL STUDY REPORT (Cape May Plant Materials Center, Cape May Court House, NJ) EFFICACY OF ORGANIC WEED CONTROL METHODS Scott Snell, Natural Resources Specialist ABSTRACT Organic weed control methods have varying degrees of effectiveness and cover a broad range of costs financially and in time. Studies were conducted at the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Cape May Plant Materials Center, Cape May Court House, New Jersey to examine the efficacy and costs of a variety of organic weed control methods: tillage, organic herbicide (acetic acid), flame treatment, solarization, and use of a smother cover crop. The smother cover and organic herbicide treatment plots displayed the least efficacy to control weeds with the average percent weed coverage of each method being over 97%. The organic herbicide plots also had the greatest financial costs and required the second most treatment time following the flame treatment plots. Although the flame treatment method was time consuming, it was effective resulting in an average of 12.14% weed coverage. Solarization required below average treatment time and resulted in an average of 49.22% weed coverage. The tillage method was found to be the most effective means of control and also had well below average financial costs and required slightly above average treatment time. INTRODUCTION The final results of the third biennial national Organic Farming Research Foundation’s (OFRF) survey found that organic producers rank weed control as one of the top problems negatively affecting their farms’ profitability (1999). Weed control options available for organic producers are far more limited than those of conventional production due to organic certification standards. -
Efficacy of Intercropping Pattern in Reducing Weeds Infestation in Okra, Maize and Pepper Intercrop
International Journal of Weed Science and Technology ISSN 4825-3499 Vol. 2 (1), pp. 063-069, January, 2018. Available online at www.advancedscholarsjournals.org © Advanced Scholars Journals Full Length Research Paper Efficacy of intercropping pattern in reducing weeds infestation in okra, maize and pepper intercrop *Ubini C. Thomas, Jaymiwhie Obanna and Ikogho B. Patrick Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Port Harcourt, P. M. B 5323 Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Accepted 15 January, 2018 Field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intercropping pattern in reducing weed infestation in okra, maize and pepper intercrop; at the teaching and research farm of Rivers State University of Science and Technology Port Harcourt, Nigeria during 2009 and 2010 cropping season. Three intercropping pattern namely; alternate row intercropping, strip row intercropping and mixed intercropping were compared to sole cropping in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. The result reveal that weed biomass were significantly lower in both years in all forms of intercropping pattern compared to sole cropping or mono-cropping. Weed smothering efficiency in both years showed that mixed pattern (45.7%) >alternate row pattern (33.4%) > strip row pattern (11.5%). Crop yield were better in an intercrop system for maize and pepper in both years compared to -1 sole crop. However, mean okra fruit yield was highest in sole cropping (3253 kg ha ) when compared -1 to intercropping pattern. Maize yield was highest in mixed pattern (8,987 kg ha ) and lowest in sole -1 -1 cropping (6,955 kg ha ) while pepper fruit yield was highest in strip row pattern (5,435 kg ha ) and -1 lowest in mixed pattern (1,562 kg ha ). -
Principles of Sustainable Weed Able Weed
PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE WEED MANAGEMENT FOR CROPLANDS AGRONOMY SYSTEMS SERIES Abstract: To some extent, weeds are a result of crop production, but to a larger extent they are a consequence of management decisions. Managing croplands according to nature’s principles will reduce weed problems. And while these principles apply to most crops, this publication focuses on agronomic crops such as corn, soybeans, milo, and small grains. The opportunities to address the root causes of weeds are not always readily apparent, and often require some imagination to recognize. Creativity is key to taking advantage of these opportunities and devising sustainable cropping systems that prevent weed problems, rather than using quick-fix approaches. Annual monoculture crop production generally involves tillage that creates conditions hospitable to many weeds. This publication discusses several alternatives to conventional tillage systems, including allelopathy, intercropping, crop rotations, and a weed- free cropping design. A Resources list provides sources of further information. By Preston Sullivan boundaries within which we operate and the NCAT Agriculture Specialist rules for success within those boundaries. September 2003 The “weed control” paradigm is reactive— it addresses weed First, Free Your Brain problems by using As Iowa farmer Tom Frantzen poetically states: various tools and tech- “Free your brain and your behind will follow.” nologies. “How am I What Tom is referring to is discovering new para- gonna get rid of this vel- digms. Joel Barker, author of Paradigms—The vet-leaf?” and “How do Business of Discovering the Future (1), defines a I control foxtail?” are re- paradigm as a set of standards that establish the active statements. -
“Nearby and Natural”: Towards a Differential Geography of Organic Farming In
“Nearby and Natural”: Towards a Differential Geography of Organic Farming in South-Eastern Ontario By Melanie Sommerville, B.Sc. (Honours) A thesis submitted to: The Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Arts Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton University © Melanie Sommerville, June 2006 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Library and Bibliotheque et Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-18300-7 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-18300-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce,Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve,sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet,distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform,et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. -
Aquaponicstheeasywaysample
HOW TO DO AQUAPONICS THE EASY Way A Step-by-Step, Affordable DIY Guide to the Most Efficient Food Production System in the History of Mankind If You Have Light and Heat You Can Have Plants and Fish! SUSANNE FRIEND & TIM MANN HOW TO DO AQUAPONICS THE EASY WAY! First Edition, December 2013 ©Susanne Friend, Tim Mann, and Friendly Aquaponics, Inc, 2013. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, or transmitted in any form without express written permission from the publisher (Friendly Aquaponics, Inc.), except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review; nor may any part of this book be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other, without express written permission from both the authors and publisher. Cover design, all document layout, design, and artwork ©Susanne Friend, 2013 This is designed to be an E-book, and is meant to be read on a mobile device or e-reader, and not printed at all, this saves TONS of paper! If you really need to print it, print it off your printer, but make sure to print only the pages you really need to print! Mahalo Nui Loa “Great thanks, Everlasting” To The People We Call “Farmily” First and foremost, thank you to Dr. James Rakocy, for his seminal work at the University of the Virgin Islands, and for hosting the 2007 Short Course that started us on this path. Along the way have been many excellent students who asked a critical question at just the right moment. -
Introducing Organic Agriculture
Introducing organic agriculture S S R A N A SR SCIENTIST 2 As the food as the mind As the mind as the thought As the thought as the action Introduction to organic agriculture Sustainable Agriculture (SA) 3 — Sustainable development – Sustainable agriculture — Sustainable implies long - term support or permanence — SA – Farming system that are capable of maintaining productivity and usefulness to society indefinitely. — It must be resource conserving, socially supportive, commercially competitive and environmentally sound. Introduction to organic agriculture SA 4 — “Sustainable agriculture is the successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy changing human needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of environment and conserving natural resources" - FAO — A sustainable agriculture is ecologically sound, economically viable, socially just and humane – International Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture Introduction to organic agriculture SA 5 — SA presents a positive response to the limits and problems of both traditional and modern agriculture. — This result in integrated, nature-based agro- ecosystems designed to be self-reliant, resource- conserving and productive in both the short and long terms. — Organic farming (OA) is one of the several approaches found to meet the objectives of SA Introduction to organic agriculture OA v/s SA 6 — Organic farming is often associated directly with, "Sustainable farming." However, ‘organic farming’ and ‘sustainable farming’, policy and ethics-wise are two different terms. Many techniques used in organic farming are not alien to various agriculture systems including the traditional agriculture practiced in old countries like India. However, organic farming is based on various laws and certification programmes. — OA is thought of as the best alternative to avoid the ill effects of chemical farming. -
Flaming As a Method of Weed Control in Organic Farming Systems Dale R
Michigan State University Extension Bulletin E-3038 • New • January 2008 Flaming as a Method of Weed Control in Organic Farming Systems Dale R. Mutch, Extension Specialist, Michigan State University Simon A. Thalmann, Research Assistant, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station Todd E. Martin, Research Assistant, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station Dean G. Baas, Graduate Assistant, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station Introduction Some farmers have found that flaming Using fire to control controls certain weeds weeds in organic farming (lambsquarters and systems shows promise for pigweed, for example) reducing weed populations better than others without herbicides. A (mustards or common carefully directed flame ragweed) (Mutch et al., fueled by natural gas or liquid propane (LP) 2005). Flaming is more effective in a crop such as increases the temperature within the weed, causing corn, where the growing point is below the soil cells to rupture and effectively killing weeds surface, than in crops such as soybeans, where the while doing little damage to the crop (Fig. 1). growing point is aboveground. The authors of this Flaming disrupts weed growth through heat, so bulletin do not recommend using flaming to control it is important to flame when the plants are dry weeds in soybeans. and wind speed and direction are favorable. Both moisture and wind can lower the heat from the Exposing a weed seedling to flame for 1/10 of flame, reducing the effectiveness of the flaming a second (Row Crop, 2007) is usually enough to application (Mutch et al., 2005). ensure control, although this may vary with weed type and size (Fig. -
Permaculture Cairns Newsletter
Permaculture Cairns Inc. Established July, 2007 Web site: www.permaculturecairns.org.au Permaculture Cairns News Empowering communities with sustainable solutions Care for the Earth, Care for people, Share the excess Care of the Earth, Care of People, Share the excess _________________________________________________________________________________ November Public Info & General Meeting Night th Tuesday 19 6:30pm for 7pm start. Flexible Learning Centre, 90 Clarke Street, Manunda Clarke Street comes off Hoare on the Salvos Corner. There is wheel chair access. If you can spare the time, come early (6.15) to help us set up tables and chairs. Members please bring a plate of food to share for dinner, or make a small donation towards the refreshment costs. OOH! and bring a friend, all welcome but ! Financial Members are free. Un- financial members and non members pay $5 for the info night and dinner SPEAKERS for the month: Steve Bailey from Terrain Natural Resource Management will be our November Guest Speaker. Steve has recently been involved on a broad range of catchment issues with a wide variety of stakeholder groups. Some examples of relevant projects: Prioritisation of cactchment repair programs Strategic targeting of weed control Trials of new erosion control measures in riparian areas Revegetation of degraded sites for habitat connectivity – working with local Landcare groups. Building constructed wetlands as nutrient and sediment sinks on farm lands. Water quality monitoring – in particular looking at pesticide/herbicide runoff. Working with primary producers to help transition a move away from some conventional farming methods and adopting alternative practices where possible. LAST MONTHS’ GUEST SPEAKER Jaide from King Brown Technologies, the makers of King Brown Compost was our guest speaker at the last meeting. -
Robotic Weed Control Using Automated Weed and Crop Classification Xiaolong Wu, Stéphanie Aravecchia, Philipp Lottes, Cyrill Stachniss, Cédric Pradalier
Robotic weed control using automated weed and crop classification Xiaolong Wu, Stéphanie Aravecchia, Philipp Lottes, Cyrill Stachniss, Cédric Pradalier To cite this version: Xiaolong Wu, Stéphanie Aravecchia, Philipp Lottes, Cyrill Stachniss, Cédric Pradalier. Robotic weed control using automated weed and crop classification. 2020. hal-02484462 HAL Id: hal-02484462 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02484462 Preprint submitted on 19 Feb 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Robotic Weed Control Using Automated Weed and Crop Classification Xiaolong Wu Stephanie´ Aravecchia Georgia Institute of Technology UMI2958 GeorgiaTech-CNRS Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Metz 57070, France Atlanta, GA 30332, United States [email protected] [email protected] Philipp Lottes Cyrill Stachniss University of Bonn University of Bonn Department of Photogrammetry Department of Photogrammetry Bonn 53115, Germany Bonn 53115, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Cedric´ Pradalier UMI2958 GeorgiaTech-CNRS Metz 57070, France [email protected] Abstract Autonomous robotic weeding systems in precision farming have demonstrated their full potential to alleviate the current dependency on agrochemicals such as herbicides and pesticides, thus reducing environmental pollution and improving sustainability. -
To Consumers' Perceptions of Aquaponics Products In
Article Commercial Aquaponics Approaching the European Market: To Consumers’ Perceptions of Aquaponics Products in Europe Vesna Miličić 1,*, Ragnheidur Thorarinsdottir 2, Maria Dos Santos 3 and Maja Turnšek Hančič 4 1 Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 University of Iceland, Hjardarhaga 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland; [email protected] 3 DINAMIA’CET—ISCTE–IUL, ESCS—IPL, Av. das Forcas Armadas, Edificio, ISCTE, Sala 2W4-d, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Tourism, University of Maribor, Cesta prvih borcev 36, SI-8250 Brežice, Slovenia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Academic Editor: M. Haïssam Jijakli Received: 1 October 2016; Accepted: 16 January 2017; Published: 31 January 2017 Abstract: The first commercial aquaponics companies are starting up in Europe. The main focus has been on solving technology issues and optimizing production. However, increasing attention is now being paid to certification and regulations linked to aquaponics, as well as the marketing of products and services. The paper presents the results of a study whose main aim was to estimate consumers’ knowledge about aquaponics and their acceptance of aquaponics products in different European regions. An on-line questionnaire was administered to the general public through the aquaponics network of Food and Agriculture COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action FA1305 “The EU Aquaponics Hub—Realising Sustainable Integrated Fish and Vegetable Production for the EU” in 16 European countries. The methodology includes univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. The results show that, on average, attitudes towards aquaponics were positive, showing no significant differences between those who already knew about aquaponics and those who only heard about it through the survey. -
Autonomous Robotic Weed Control Systems: a Review
computers and electronics in agriculture 61 (2008) 63–78 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/compag Autonomous robotic weed control systems: A review D.C. Slaughter ∗, D.K. Giles, D. Downey University of California, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Davis, CA 95616, United States article info abstract Article history: Autonomous robotic weed control systems hold promise toward the automation of one of Received in revised form agriculture’s few remaining unmechanized and drudging tasks, hand weed control. Robotic 22 March 2007 technology may also provide a means of reducing agriculture’s current dependency on her- Accepted 2 May 2007 bicides, improving its sustainability and reducing its environmental impact. This review describes the current status of the four core technologies (guidance, detection and identifica- Keywords: tion, precision in-row weed control, and mapping) required for the successful development Robot of a general-purpose robotic system for weed control. Of the four, detection and identifica- Weed recognition tion of weeds under the wide range of conditions common to agricultural fields remains the Machine vision greatest challenge. A few complete robotic weed control systems have demonstrated the Geospatial technology potential of the technology in the field. Additional research and development is needed to Pest management fully realize this potential. Precision agriculture © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction ranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.) in lettuce fields reduced head weight and quality. Hodgson (1968) found that two Canada 1.1. Importance of weed control in crop production thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) shoots/m2 reduced wheat yields by 15%. -
Brush and Weed Control in Pasture and Rangeland Doug Shoup, Southeast Area Crops and Soils Specialist Kansas State University Research and Extension
Brush and Weed Control in Pasture and Rangeland Doug Shoup, Southeast Area Crops and Soils Specialist Kansas State University Research and Extension Rangeland, pasture, and hay meadows are often a diverse mix of both desirable and undesirable plant species. The definition of desirable is up to the owner or operator of the land. Whether a plant is considered a weed or not is often subjective and thus defined as a “plant out of place”. Although an integrated weed management approach (utilizing multiple methods of weed and brush control) should be taken to control or suppress any weed population, chemical weed control is often the most common method. All persons using pesticides must read and follow all label directions before use. The user of the pesticide is responsible for all instructions contained within the label. For additional information visit your local county Extension office. Livestock Utilization. The common notion of the perfect forage for livestock being strictly grass is often short-sided and misunderstood. The fact is many broadleaf species are nutritious and highly sought after by livestock commonly produced in Kansas. Cattle in a native range may consume greater than 20% of their diet as palatable forbs (a herbaceous flowering plant other than grass) if available for grazing. In fact, many of the forb species are higher in quality than common forage grasses, especially later in the season when grass quality begins to decline. Other livestock such as sheep and goats consume a diet of plants considerably different than cattle. Sheep may consume greater than 50% of their diet as forbs while goats may consume most of their diet as plants other than grass.