DOCSLIB.ORG

POPULATION DYNAMICS of HERBIVOROUS INSECTS in a SERIES of OIL REFINERY EFFLUENT HOLDING-PONDS by RICHARD ARNOLD TUBB Bachelor Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
POPULATION DYNAMICS of HERBIVOROUS INSECTS in a SERIES of OIL REFINERY EFFLUENT HOLDING-PONDS by RICHARD ARNOLD TUBB Bachelor Of 07`a POPULATION DYNAMICS OF HERBIVOROUS INSECTS IN A SERIES OF OIL REFINERY EFFLUENT HOLDING-PONDS By RICHARD ARNOLD TUBB Bachelor of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1958 Master of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1960 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August, 1963 Name: Richard Arnold Tubb Date of Degree: August 10, 1963 Institution: Oklahoma State University Location: Stillwater, Oklahoma Title of Study: POPULATION DYNAMICS OF HERBIVOROUS INSECTS IN A SERIES OF OIL REFINERY EFFLUENT HOLDING-PONDS Pages in Study: 44 Candidate for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major Field: Zoology Scope and Method of Study: Oil refinery effluent holding-pond popu- lations of bottom-dwelling midge fly larvae, family Tendipedidae, were sampled monthly from 22 November 1960 until 7 November 1961. Population fluctuations were correlated with effluent toxicity. Life histories were studied for the three species of tendipedids which occurred in the pond-system. Estimates were made of average life spans, survival percentages, and emergence of adults. Effects of filter-feeding larvae upon effluent turbidity were evaluated. Caloric contents of standing crops were determined and the amount of energy lost by adult mergence was calculated. Findings and Conclusions: Larval midge fly populations generally in- creased in successive holding-ponds during summer. Winter pop- ulations were small and concentrated in ponds near the center of the pond-system. Larval populations of Tendipes plumosus predominated during spring. Harnischia tenuicaudata was the most abundant species in summer, and fall and winter populations contained large numbers of Tanypus stellatus. Emergence of adult tendipedids removed about 62,458 kilocalories/year from the pond-system. Filter feeding midge larvae decreased effluent turbidity significantly. ADVISER'S APPROVAL PREFACE The purposes of this study on herbivorous insect populations in a series of holding-ponds are: (1) to determine the annual populations of herbivorous insect larvae, (2) to establish the rate of energy re- moval from holding-ponds by emergence, (3) to find the interaction be- tween the oil refinery effluent and populations of immature insects. Dr. Troy C. Dorris, major professor, guided the study. Drs. George A. Moore, L. H. Bruneau and Glen W. Todd criticized the manuscript. Dr. William A. Drew made technical suggestions and criticized the manuscript. Advice and counsel on statistical procedures was given by Dr. R. D. Morrison and C. E. Marshall. Dr. LaVerne L. Curry identified the tendi- pedid larvae. Chemical technicians at the oil refinery made all chemical determinations of the oil refinery effluents. Billy Joe Copeland, Kenneth W. Minter, William Shelton, C. R. Jenkins, Jerry Copeland, and Don Davis assisted in collecting samples. My wife and Mrs. Karen Benson typed the manuscript. The help and aid of these persons is appre- ciated. This study was made possible by financial aid from the Oklahoma Oil Refiners' Waste Control Council and a terminal year fellowship grant # WM-15, 408(1) from the Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control of the Department of Public Health. 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 II. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION ........... 3 Refinery Operations ........... 3 Effluent Treatment ........... 3 Characteristics of the Effluent ...........4 III. METHODS . • • • • O O O O O O 0 • • • • O O O O O O 8 Sampling Techniques and Field Methods ........... 8 Laboratory Apparatus and Methods ................................................................... 10 Statistical Procedures ..................................................................................................... 11 Standing Crops of a Species .................................................................... 11 Standing Crops of all Tendipedid Larvae ........................... 12 IV. LIFE HISTORIES ................................................................................................................................................... 13 Tendipes plumosus .............. 13 Harnischia tenuicaudata ..................................................................................................... 15 Tanypus stellatus ......................................................................................................................... 15 V. EFFECTS OF TENDIPES PLUMOSUS UPON EFFLUENT TURBIDITY. 17 VI. IMMATURE INSECT POPULATIONS ..................................................................................................... 21 Standing Crop Estimates and Population Fluctuations. 21 Pupal Populations ......................................................................................................................... 25 Distribution ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Other Insect Populations .............................................................................................. 29 Chaoborus ................................................................................................................................................... 29 Ceratopogonidae ............................................................................................................................... 30 Hydrophilidae ...................................................................................................................................... 30 Odonata .......................................................................................................................................................... 30 VII. ENERGY TRANSFER THROUGH TENDIPEDID POPULATIONS ......................................... 32 - VIII. CALORIFIC ESTIMATES FOR THE POND SYSTEM ............................................................. 39 IX. SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................................................... 41 LITERATURE CITED ................................................................................................................................................................. 43 iv LIST OF TABLES Table Page I. Annual Water Temperatures in Four Ponds (F ) 6 II. Phenol Concentrations and pH Values ...7 III. Sampling Stations and Physical Dimensions of the Ponds. 8 IV. Statistical "t" Test Between Larval Cultures of Tendipes and Controls at the 95% Level of Confidence . 17 V. Caloric Standing Crops of Pond 4, ...................... 22 VI. Caloric Standing Crops of Pond 7 ........................ 23 VII. Caloric Standing Crops of Pond 10 ...................... 24 VIII. Calories Transferred Out of the Pond-System by Emergence. 37 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Turbidity averages of five cultures of Tendipes . ....... 18 2. Turbidity averages of four cultures of Tendipes ........... 19 3. Numerical tendipedid standing crops in pond 4 ... ....... 26 4, Numerical tendipedid standing crops in pond 7 ............. 26 5. Numerical tendipedid standing crops in pond 10 ............. 27 6. Number of pupae in pond 4 . • • ................ 28 7. Number of pupae in pond 7 ............................... 28 8. Number of pupae in pond 10 ............................... 29 9. Diagram of fractional portion of the standing crop lost each day during emergence ... • • • • 33 10. Survival percentage based on a logarithmic decrease of winter populations .................................... 35 11. Calories lost/day by emergence from pond 4 .. 36 12. Calories lost/day by emergence from pond 7 ................ 36 13r Calories lost/day by emergence from pond 10 . • • 37 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Since the development of the trophic-dynamic concept (Lindeman, 1942), the need to understand aquatic ecosystems in terms of energy- flow has become apparent. Energy-flow through aquatic ecosystems has received much attention (Odum and Odum, 1955), (Patten, 1959), and (Odum, 1957). No quantitative biological studies have described the flow of energy through an aquatic community heavily enriched with or- ganic compounds. The present study attempted to measure energy-flow through populations of herbivorous larval midge flies (Tendipedidae= Chironomidae) in oil refinery effluent holding-ponds. Oil refinery effluents contain organic compounds possessing a high energy content. Treatment in holding-ponds lowers the energy content by dissipating energy through aquatic organisms. Each trophic level in the ponds requires energy to maintain structure and organization (Patten, 1959). Energy transfer between trophic levels also results in energy losses to entropy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics (Odum, 1959). Quantitative information on energy passage through each trophic level is essential in understanding natural treatment processes. Clarke, Edmondson, and Ricker, (1946) defined the parameters to be determined in a complete study of energy-flow through a population. Only the more important parameters were measured for the tendipedid populations. Estimates were made of standing crops, survival percentages 1 2 of the larvae and energy lost by emergence of adults. Life histories were studied for the three tendipedid
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chironominae 8.1
    CHIRONOMINAE 8.1 SUBFAMILY CHIRONOMINAE 8 DIAGNOSIS: Antennae 4-8 segmented, rarely reduced. Labrum with S I simple, palmate or plumose; S II simple, apically fringed or plumose; S III simple; S IV normal or sometimes on pedicel. Labral lamellae usually well developed, but reduced or absent in some taxa. Mentum usually with 8-16 well sclerotized teeth; sometimes central teeth or entire mentum pale or poorly sclerotized; rarely teeth fewer than 8 or modified as seta-like projections. Ventromental plates well developed and usually striate, but striae reduced or vestigial in some taxa; beard absent. Prementum without dense brushes of setae. Body usually with anterior and posterior parapods and procerci well developed; setal fringe not present, but sometimes with bifurcate pectinate setae. Penultimate segment sometimes with 1-2 pairs of ventral tubules; antepenultimate segment sometimes with lateral tubules. Anal tubules usually present, reduced in brackish water and marine taxa. NOTESTES: Usually the most abundant subfamily (in terms of individuals and taxa) found on the Coastal Plain of the Southeast. Found in fresh, brackish and salt water (at least one truly marine genus). Most larvae build silken tubes in or on substrate; some mine in plants, dead wood or sediments; some are free- living; some build transportable cases. Many larvae feed by spinning silk catch-nets, allowing them to fill with detritus, etc., and then ingesting the net; some taxa are grazers; some are predacious. Larvae of several taxa (especially Chironomus) have haemoglobin that gives them a red color and the ability to live in low oxygen conditions. With only one exception (Skutzia), at the generic level the larvae of all described (as adults) southeastern Chironominae are known.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliograp Bibliography
    BIBLIOGRAPHY 9.1 BIBLIOGRAPHY 9 Adam, J.I & O.A. Sæther. 1999. Revision of the records for the southern United States genus Nilothauma Kieffer, 1921 (Diptera: (Diptera: Chironomidae). J. Ga. Ent. Soc. Chironomidae). Ent. scand. Suppl. 56: 1- 15:69-73. 107. Beck, W.M., Jr. & E.C. Beck. 1966. Chironomidae Ali, A. 1991. Perspectives on management of pest- (Diptera) of Florida - I. Pentaneurini (Tany- iferous Chironomidae (Diptera), an emerg- podinae). Bull. Fla. St. Mus. Biol. Sci. ing global problem. J. Am. Mosq. Control 10:305-379. Assoc. 7: 260-281. Beck, W.M., Jr., & E.C. Beck. 1970. The immature Armitage, P., P.S. Cranston & L.C.V. Pinder (eds). stages of some Chironomini (Chiro- 1995. The Chironomidae. Biology and nomidae). Q.J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 33:29-42. ecology of non-biting midges. Chapman & Bilyj, B. 1984. Descriptions of two new species of Hall, London. 572 pp. Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Ashe, P. 1983. A catalogue of chironomid genera Southern Indian Lake, Canada. Can. J. Fish. and subgenera of the world including syn- Aquat. Sci. 41: 659-671. onyms (Diptera: Chironomidae). Ent. Bilyj, B. 1985. New placement of Tanypus pallens scand. Suppl. 17: 1-68. Coquillett, 1902 nec Larsia pallens (Coq.) Barton, D.R., D.R. Oliver & M.E. Dillon. 1993. sensu Roback 1971 (Diptera: Chironomi- The first Nearctic record of Stackelbergina dae) and redescription of the holotype. Can. Shilova and Zelentsov (Diptera: Chironomi- Ent. 117: 39-42. dae): Taxonomic and ecological observations. Bilyj, B. 1988. A taxonomic review of Guttipelopia Aquatic Insects 15: 57-63. (Diptera: Chironomidae).
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Kansas Field Station and Ecological Reserves
    The University of Kansas Field Station and Ecological Reserves A HALF CENTURY OF RESEARCH AND EDUCATION THE MISSION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS FIELD STATION AND ECOLOGICAL RESERVES IS TO FOSTER SCHOLARLY RESEARCH, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION, AND SCIENCE-BASED STEWARDSHIP OF NATURAL RESOURCES. CONTENTS From the Director 1 Overview 2 Robinson Tract 36 Research Management Plan 7 Geohydrologic Experimental and Monitoring Site 37 Summaries of Tracts 9 Hall Nature Reserve 38 Research 13 Breidenthal Biological Reserve 39 Rice Woodland 41 Land Management and Stewardship 21 Wall Woods 41 Teaching and Outreach 22 Fitch Natural History Reservation 42 Research Support 24 University of Kansas Support, Affiliate Administration 24 Programs, and Other Resources 45 Global Perspective 25 Organizational Chart 47 Tracts and Facilities 26 Resident Faculty and Staff Investigators 48 Nelson Environmental Study Area 26 Externally Funded Research: 1985–2000 52 Frank B. Cross Reservoir 29 Kansas Aquatic Mesocosm Program 30 Theses and Dissertations: 1949–2000 54 Biotic Succession/Habitat Publications: 1949–2000 58 Fragmentation Facility 32 Credits 68 Rockefeller Experimental Tract 34 From the Director The University of Kansas Field Station and Ecological Reserves Woods, which was designated in 1980 as a National Natural Landmark, (KSR) recently celebrated its 50th anniversary. It seems fitting at this time and provides opportunities to study native plants and animals within a to summarize the growth and development of the field station during its minimally disturbed setting. first half century, and to recognize the contributions of the many dedicated The 44-hectare (108-acre) Robinson Tract, another portion of the people whose efforts have produced a rich tradition of research, education original farm of Governor Robinson, was added in 1970 and in addition to and stewardship.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera) in Delineating Ecological Classifications of Missouri Streams at Different Environmental Scales
    Congruence between nutrient water quality parameters and Chironomidae (Diptera) in delineating ecological classifications of Missouri streams at different environmental scales. Kansas Biological Survey Report No. 159 Dec. 2009 by Barbara Hayford*, Donald Huggins†, Debra Baker†, and Michael Johnson‡ †Central Plains Center for BioAssessment Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, U.S.A. *Department of Life Sciences Wayne State College, Wayne, NE, U.S.A. ‡Aquatic Ecosystems Analysis Laboratory John Muir Institute of the Environment University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A. 1 SUMMARY 1. Large scale classifications such as nutrient ecoregions have been established in the United States to help regulate surface water resources. These classifications and their constituent classes are hypotheses which may be tested by establishing the strength of the classes to differentiate within class and between class variation. The purpose of our study was to test the strength of three different classification schemes at three different scales: landscape (nutrient ecoregion), watershed (hydrologic unit), and microhabitat (substrate) using Chironomidae community assemblage and metric data and nutrient water quality data. Furthermore, we tested for congruence of classes using nutrient water quality and chironomid community data for the three classification schemes in an attempt to link the biota to nutrient concentrations. 2. Historical data on chironomid communities were compiled from the 20 stream sites in Missouri over multiple years and seasons. Nutrient water quality data were also collected at these sites but under a different study. An analysis of variance was used to determine whether chironomid metrics and nutrient water quality parameters varied significantly between classes for each of the classification schemes.
    [Show full text]
  • Microsoft Outlook
    Joey Steil From: Leslie Jordan <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, September 25, 2018 1:13 PM To: Angela Ruberto Subject: Potential Environmental Beneficial Users of Surface Water in Your GSA Attachments: Paso Basin - County of San Luis Obispo Groundwater Sustainabilit_detail.xls; Field_Descriptions.xlsx; Freshwater_Species_Data_Sources.xls; FW_Paper_PLOSONE.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S1.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S2.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S3.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S4.pdf CALIFORNIA WATER | GROUNDWATER To: GSAs We write to provide a starting point for addressing environmental beneficial users of surface water, as required under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). SGMA seeks to achieve sustainability, which is defined as the absence of several undesirable results, including “depletions of interconnected surface water that have significant and unreasonable adverse impacts on beneficial users of surface water” (Water Code §10721). The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a science-based, nonprofit organization with a mission to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. Like humans, plants and animals often rely on groundwater for survival, which is why TNC helped develop, and is now helping to implement, SGMA. Earlier this year, we launched the Groundwater Resource Hub, which is an online resource intended to help make it easier and cheaper to address environmental requirements under SGMA. As a first step in addressing when depletions might have an adverse impact, The Nature Conservancy recommends identifying the beneficial users of surface water, which include environmental users. This is a critical step, as it is impossible to define “significant and unreasonable adverse impacts” without knowing what is being impacted. To make this easy, we are providing this letter and the accompanying documents as the best available science on the freshwater species within the boundary of your groundwater sustainability agency (GSA).
    [Show full text]
  • Jahresbericht 2010 Der Generaldirektion Der Staatlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Sammlungen Bayerns Herausgegeben Von: Prof
    Jahresbericht 2010 der Generaldirektion der Staatlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Sammlungen Bayerns Herausgegeben von: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Haszprunar, Generaldirektor Generaldirektion der Staatlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Sammlungen Bayerns (SNSB) Menzinger Straße 71, 80638 München München November 2010 Zusammenstellung und Endredaktion: Dr. Eva Maria Natzer (Generaldirektion) Unterstützung durch: Maria-Luise Kaim (Generaldirektion) Iris Krumböck (Generaldirektion) Susanne Legat (Generaldirektion) Druck: Digitaldruckzentrum, Amalienstrasse, München Inhaltsverzeichnis Bericht des Generaldirektors ...................................................................................................5 Wissenschaftliche Publikationen ................................................................................................6 Drittmittelübersicht ...................................................................................................................37 Organigramm ............................................................................................................................49 Generaldirektion .....................................................................................................................50 Personalvertretung ....................................................................................................................52 Museen Museum Mensch und Natur (MMN) ........................................................................................53 Museum Reich der Kristalle (MRK) ........................................................................................59
    [Show full text]
  • National Park Service
    Communities in Freshwater Coastal Rock Pools of Lake Superior, with a Focus on Chironomidae (Diptera) A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Alexander Taurus Egan IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Advisor: Leonard C. Ferrington, Jr. May 2014 © Alexander Taurus Egan 2014 Acknowledgements Projects of this size are rarely accomplished without the assistance and support of many people. Primarily, my advisor, Len Ferrington, has been a great source of guidance and enthusiasm. My committee, Jacques Finlay, Ralph Holzenthal, and Roger Moon, have raised the bar considerably by pushing, pulling and steering me toward being a better scientist. Friends and colleagues in the Chironomidae Research Group have made my graduate experience a time I will remember fondly, with Alyssa Anderson, Will Bouchard and Jessica Miller sharing in the successes, misfortunes, and minor but important goals that come with the territory. In particular, Petra Kranzfelder often filled the roles of peer advisor and sounding board for ideas both brilliant and ridiculous. The National Park service has been very generous in many ways, and specific thanks go to Brenda Moraska Lafrançois and Jay Glase, who provided early development and direction for this project. My colleagues Mark Edlund from the Science Museum of Minnesota and Toben Lafrançois from the Science Museum and Northland College have consistently offered excellent ecological advice on what the data mean, often acting as de facto advisors. Without support from Isle Royale National Park this project would not have been possible. In particular, the technical advice, equipment loans, and logistical assistance from Paul Brown, Rick Damstra, Joan Elias, and Mark Romanski were invaluable.
    [Show full text]
  • II. Sampling Design
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Protocol for Monitoring Aquatic Invertebrates of Small Streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network Natural Resource Report NPS/HTLN/NRR—2008/042 A Heartland Network Monitoring Protocol protecting the habitat of our heritage i ON THE COVER Herbert Hoover birthplace cottage at Herbert Hoover NHS, prescribed fire at Tallgrass Prairie NPres, aquatic invertebrate monitoring at George Washington Carver NM, the Mississippi River at Effigy Mounds NM. ii Protocol for Monitoring Aquatic Invertebrates of Small Streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network David E. Bowles, Michael H. Williams, Hope R. Dodd, Lloyd W. Morrison, Janice A. Hinsey, Catherine E. Ciak, Gareth A. Rowell, Michael D. DeBacker, and Jennifer L. Haack National Park Service Heartland I&M Network Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield 6424 West Farm Road 182 Republic, Missouri 65738 June 2008 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado i The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer- reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. Natural Resource Reports are the designated medium for disseminating high priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Invertebrate Species Richness & Diversity At
    BBEENNTTHHIICC INVVEERTTEEBBRRAATTEE SPPEECCIIEESSRRIICCHHNNEESSSS && DDIIVVEERRSSIITTYYAATT DIIFFFFEERRENNTTHHAABBIITTAATTSS IINN TTHHEEGGRREEAATEERR CCHHAARRLLOOTTTTEE HAARRBBOORRSSYYSSTTEEMM Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program 1926 Victoria Avenue Fort Myers, Florida 33901 March 2007 Mote Marine Laboratory Technical Report No. 1169 The Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program is a partnership of citizens, elected officials, resource managers and commercial and recreational resource users working to improve the water quality and ecological integrity of the greater Charlotte Harbor watershed. A cooperative decision-making process is used within the program to address diverse resource management concerns in the 4,400 square mile study area. Many of these partners also financially support the Program, which, in turn, affords the Program opportunities to fund projects such as this. The entities that have financially supported the program include the following: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Southwest Florida Water Management District South Florida Water Management District Florida Department of Environmental Protection Florida Coastal Zone Management Program Peace River/Manasota Regional Water Supply Authority Polk, Sarasota, Manatee, Lee, Charlotte, DeSoto and Hardee Counties Cities of Sanibel, Cape Coral, Fort Myers, Punta Gorda, North Port, Venice and Fort Myers Beach and the Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This document was prepared with support from the Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program with supplemental support from Mote Marine Laboratory. The project was conducted through the Benthic Ecology Program of Mote's Center for Coastal Ecology. Mote staff project participants included: Principal Investigator James K. Culter; Field Biologists and Invertebrate Taxonomists, Jay R. Leverone, Debi Ingrao, Anamari Boyes, Bernadette Hohmann and Lucas Jennings; Data Management, Jay Sprinkel and Janet Gannon; Sediment Analysis, Jon Perry and Ari Nissanka.
    [Show full text]
  • Chironomidae ••
    Royal Entomological Society HANDBOOKS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BRITISH INSECTS To purchase current handbooks and to download out-of-print parts visit: http://www.royensoc.co.uk/publications/index.htm This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Copyright © Royal Entomological Society 2012 ROYAL ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON Vol. IX. Part 2. HANDBOOKS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BRITISH INSECTS DIPTERA 2. NEMA TO CERA : families TIPULIDAE TO CHIRONOMlDAE CHIRONOMIDAE •• . 121 By R. L. COE PAUL FREEMAN P. F. MATTINGLY LONDON Published by the Society and Sold at its Rooms .p, Queen's Gate, S.W. 7 31st May, 1950 Price TwentY. Shillings CHIRONOMIDAE 121 Family CHIRONOMIDAE. By R. L. CoE. FLIES of the family CHIRONOMIDA.E may be distinguished from other Nematocerous families of Diptera by the following combination of charac­ ters : Ocelli absent ; antennae hairy (especially in d') ; six to eight veins reaching wing-margin; one or both anal veins not reaching margin; vein M simple; cross-veins R-M and M-CU (latter when present) near middle of wing. The reduced mouthparts and the fact that the costa is not con­ tinued around the entire wing provide simple distinctions from CuLICIDAE, to which family some groups bear a superficial resemblance. The closely­ related CERA.TOPOGONIDA.E (" biting midges ") were formerly included in the CHIRONOMIDA.E (" non-biting midges"), and differ most obviously by the forked vein M ; head rounded behind instead of flattened ; postnotum without a distinct median longitudinal furrow or keel, which is present in most CHIRONOMIDA.E .
    [Show full text]
  • Download Vol. 13, No. 5
    BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Volume 13 Number 5 CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) OF FLORIDA 111. THE HARNISCHIA COMPLEX (CHIRONOMINAE) Elisabeth C. Beck and William M. Beck, Jr. 474 -*139&\ \.'et:E=~ / UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Gainesville 1969 Numbers of the BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM are pub- lished at irregular intervals. Volumes contain about 800 pages and are not necessarily completed in any one calendar year. WALTER Au~FENBERC, Managing Editor OLIVER L. AUSTIN, JR., Editor Consultants for this issue. A. L. HAMILTON D. R. OLIVER Communications ooncerning purchase or exchange of the publication and all manuscripts should be addressed to the Managing Editor of the Bulletin, Florida State Museum, Seagle Building, Gainesville, Florida 82601. Published, June 9, 1969 Price for this issue $.60 1969 BECK/BECK, JR.: FLORIDA CHIRONOMIDAE 277 CHIRONOMIDAE ( DIPTERA) OF FLORIDA III. THE HARNISCHIA COMPLEX ( CHIRONOMINAE) 1 ELISABETH C. BECK AND WILLIAM M. BECK, JR.2 SYNOPSIS: Reared chironomids from Florida, which American authors have classified as belonging to the genera Cryptochironomus or Harnischia, were studied and placed in four genera described by European authors. Larva, pupa, and adult of each species are described, and in classifying the 16 Florida species the following taxonomic changes are noted: Tendipes tenuicau- datus, Chironomus directus, Chironomus sublettei, Harnischia carinata, Chironomus hirtatatus, Tendipes pectinatettae, and Chironomus alatus are now placed in the genus Parachironomus. Hamischia casuaria is made a species of the genus Crl/ptotendipes, and Chironomus undin€ is placed in the genus Paracladopelma. Two new species are described: Parachironomus schneideri and Paraclado- pelma loganae. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 278 KEYS TO GENERA 279 GENUS Cryptochironomus 282 GENUS Dernieryptochironomus 282 GENUS Parachironomus 283 GENUS Cryptotendipes 284 GENUS Harnischia .
    [Show full text]
  • Part 1 Nematocera Premième Partie Nématocères
    Agriculture Canada Diptera types in the Types de Diptères de la Canadian National Collection nationale Collection of Insects des insectes du Canada Part 1 Premième partie Nematocera Nématocères Diptera types in the Types de Diptères de Canadian National la Collection nationale Collection of Insects des insectes du Canada Part 1 Première partie Nematocera Nématocères Bruce E. Cooper Bruce E. Cooper Biosystematics Research Centre Centre de recherches biosystématiques Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) K1A 0C6 K1A 0C6 Research Branch Direction générale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Agriculture Canada Publication 1845/B Publication 1845/B 1991 1991 ©Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1990 ©Approvisionnements et Services Canada 1990 Cat. No. A53-1845/1990 No de cat. A53-1845/1990 ISBN 0-660-55684-7 ISBN 0-660-55684-7 Printed 1991 Imprimé en 1991 Available in Canada through authorized En vente au Canada par l’entremise de nos bookstore agents and other bookstores or by mail agents libraires agréés et autres libraires from ou par la poste au Canadian Government Publishing Centre Centre d’édition du gouvernement du Canada Supply and Services Canada Approvisionnements et Services Canada Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0S9 Ottawa (Ontario) K1A 0S9 Price is subject to change without notice Prix sujet à changement sans préavis Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Données de catalogage avant publication (Canada) Canadian National Collection of Insects Collection nationale du Canada d’insectes Diptera types in the Canadian National Diptera types in the Canadian National Collection. Part 1: Nematocera = Types de Collection. Part 1: Nematocera = Types dediptères diptères de la Collection nationale du Canada. de la Collection nationale du Canada.Première Première partie: Nematocères partie: Nematocères (Publication ; 1845B) (Publication ; 1845B) Text in English and French in parallel columns.
    [Show full text]