AWARENESS OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC

In this place I would also like to thank my supervisor Mgr. Zdislava Kratochvílová for support (and usefull suggestions) with my work and I would also like to thank my collegue who has helped me with some information.

1

THE COLLEGE OF POLYTECHNICS, JIHLAVA

Programme: Economics and Management

Field of study: Travel Toursim

AWARENESS OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TURKEY AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC

Bachelor Thesis

Supervisor of bachelor thesis: Author:

Mgr. Zdislava Kratochvílová Jitka HANAUEROVÁ

In Jihlava, 2011

2

ABSTRACT

HANAUEROVÁ, Jitka: “Awareness of Cultural Differences between Turkey and the Czech Republic“; Bachelor thesis; The College of Polytechnics in Jihlava; Field of study: Travel Tourism; Supervisor: Mgr. Zdislava Kratochvílová; Degree qualifications: bachelor; In Jihlava; 2011. 65 pages.

My bachelor thesis is trying to show a little bit more of Turkish culture. My theoretical part provides important information about Turkey. Not only does Turkey have rich history, which means beautiful historic places, but there is also beautiful nature, and I am writing about many of those places. I have used the info mainly from travel guides and some information is from my own experiences from times when I used to work in Turkey.

In my practical part I have chosen to conduct the research by questionnaires. I have made two types of questionnaires. One type was for those people, who have been to Turkey at least on holiday – there were 50 respondents. And the other type was for those people, who have lived or have been still living in Turkey – there were 20 respondents. After collecting all questionnaires I have made analysis of each answered question and at the end I have attached conclusion of my research.

4

ABSTRAKT

HANAUEROVÁ, Jitka: „Povědomí o kulturních rozdílech mezi Tureckem a Českou Republikou“; Bakalářská práce; Vysoká škola polytechnická v Jihlavě; Obor: Cestovní ruch; Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Zdislava Kratochvílová; Stupeň kvalifikace: bakalář; V Jihlavě; 2011. 65 stran.

Má bakalářská práce se snaží poukázat trochu více z turecké kultury. Teoretická část podává informace o Turecku.. Turecko nemá pouze bohatou historii, tedy krásná historická místa, ale můžeme zde také vidět krásnou přírodu a já píši o mnoha těchto místech. Informace jsem použila především z cestovních průvodců a některé jsou z mých vlastních zkušeností z dob, kdy jsem v Turecku pracovala.

V praktické části jsem se rozhodla provést výzkum pomocí dotazníků. Vytvořila jsem dva typy dotazníků. Jeden typ byl pro ty, kteří byli v Turecku alespoň na prázdninách – bylo 50 zodpovídajících. A další typ byl pro ty, kdo žili nebo stále v Turecku žijí – bylo 20 zodpovídajících. Po zísání všech dotazníků jsem vyvořila analýzu každé otázky a na konci přidala závěr k mému výzkumu.

5

PREFACE

When I was thinking about the main topic of my bachelor thesis it was very hard. Eventually I found the topic, which seemed to me quite close and thatis the topic about Turkey. I just knew that I wanted to show to others that Turkey is not a dangerous state and place as still many people think. My work is focused on those who still have some kind of prejudice concerning this country. For elaboration of my theoretical part I have used three guide books and one business book and for practical part I have used questionnaires.

6

CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 10 2. THEORETICAL PART ...... 11 2.1 GEOGRAPHY ...... 11 2.1.1 NATIONAL PARKS ...... 12 2.1.2 NATURE PRESERVES ...... 13 2.2 ADMINISTRATIVE CONDITIONS CULTURALLY ...... 14 2.2.1 TROY ...... 14 2.2.2 HATTUSA ...... 16 2.2.3 HIERAPOLIS AND PAMUKKALE ...... 16 2.2.4 HISTORIC PART OF ISTANBUL ...... 17 2.2.5 THE NATIONAL PARK GÖREME ...... 18 2.2.6 DAGI ...... 19 2.2.7 SAFRANBOLU ...... 20 2.2.8 THE BIG MOSQUE AND HOSPITAL IN DIVRIGI ...... 21 2.2.9 XANTHOS AND LETOON ...... 22 ISLAM ...... 24 2.4 SELECTIVE ASSUMPTIONS ...... 25 2.4.1 SECURITY SITUATION ...... 25 2.4.2 RACE AND ETHNICITY ...... 26 2.4.3 STANDARD OF LIVING...... 26 2.4.4 CUSTOMS OF TURKEY ...... 26 2.4.5 CULTURAL PARTICULARITIES ...... 26 2.5 TRANSPORTATION ...... 27 2.5.1 LEVEL OF SERVICES ...... 27 2.6 PLACES THAT MUST BE SEEN...... 27 2.6.1 PAMUKKALE and HIERAPOLIS ...... 27 2.7 BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STATE ...... 30 3. PRACTICAL PART ...... 33 3.1 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR VISITORS ...... 33 3.2 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR RESIDENTS ...... 35 CONCLUSION ...... 59 THE LIST OF SOURCES ...... 60

8

BIBLIOGRAPHY: ...... 60 INTERNET SOURCES: ...... 60 THE LIST OF PICTURES ...... 62 THE LIST OF GRAPHS ...... 65

9

1. INTRODUCTION

For my bachelor thesis I have chosen the topic "Awareness of Cultural Differences between Turkey and the Czech Republic" because I was working in Turkey for two summer seasons and I can say that I have some experiences concerning this topic. Turkey is a beautiful country where we can find a wonderful sea, which can be used not only for swimming but also for surfing and sailing and other activities. Turkey also has mountains where it´s possible to go hiking, cycling in the mountains and in winter time it is also possible to ski. There are many interesting places in Turkey, which tourists can also visit. This exceptional land can be visited anytime of the year. I think that Turkey is remarkable for everybody not only because of its nature, but also for its cultural heritage, and I would like to get you to know this country a little bit more.

Definition od culture

Every culture distinguishes itself from others by the specific solutions it chooses to certain problems which reveal themselves as dilemmas. It is convenient to look at these problems under three headings: those which arise from our relationships with other people; those which come from the passage of time; and those which relate to the environment.

A fish only discovers its need for water when it is no longer in it. Our own culture is like water to a fish. It sustains us. We live and breathe through it. What one culture may regard as essential, a certain level of material wealth for example, may not be so vital to other cultures.1

1 TROMPENAARS, Fons; HAMPDEN-TURNER, Charles; Riding the waves of culture. 2nd edition, Brno: Publishing house Nicolas Brealey, 2008. 265 pages; ISBN-13-978-1-85788-176-9 and ISBN-10: 1-85788-176-1; page 8 and 20 10

2. THEORETICAL PART

2.1 GEOGRAPHY

Turkey with its official name Türkiye Cumhuriyeti is a democratic state Turkey is a transcontinental Eurasian country. Asian Turkey (made up largely of Anatolia), which includes 97% of the country, is separated from European Turkey by the Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles (which together form a water link between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea). European Turkey (eastern Thrace or Rumelia in the Balkan Peninsula) comprises 3% of the country.

The territory of Turkey is more than 1,600 kilometres (1,000 mi) long and 800 km (500 mi) wide, with a roughly rectangular shape. It lies between latitudes 35° and 43° N, and longitudes 25° and 45° E. Turkey's area, including , occupies 783,562 square kilometres (300,948 sq mi), of which 755,688 square kilometres (291,773 sq mi) are in Southwest Asia and 23,764 square kilometres (9,174 sq mi) in Europe. Turkey is the world's 37th-largest country in terms of area. The country is encircled by seas on three sides: the Aegean Sea to the west, the Black Sea to the north and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Turkey also contains the Sea of Marmara in the northwest.

The European section of Turkey, Eastern Thrace, forms the borders of Turkey with Greece and Bulgaria. The Asian part of the country, Anatolia, consists of a high central plateau with narrow coastal plains, between the Köroğlu and Pontic mountain ranges to the north and the Taurus Mountains to the south. Eastern Turkey has a more mountainous landscape and is home to the sources of rivers such as the , Tigris and Aras, and contains Van and Mount Ararat, Turkey's highest point at 5,165 metres (16,946 ft). , Turkey's third-largest lake, is a macroscopically visible feature in the middle of the country that ironically happens to look like a turkey.

Turkey is divided into seven census regions: Marmara, Aegean, Black Sea, Central Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia and the Mediterranean. The uneven north Anatolian terrain running along the Black Sea resembles a long, narrow belt. This region comprises approximately one-sixth of Turkey's total land area. As a general trend, the inland Anatolian plateau becomes increasingly rugged as it progresses eastward.

11

Turkey's varied landscapes are the product of complex earth movements that have shaped the region over thousands of years and still manifest themselves in fairly frequent earthquakes and occasional volcanic eruptions. The Bosporus and the Dardanelles owe their existence to the fault lines running through Turkey that led to the creation of the Black Sea. There is an earthquake fault line across the north of the country from west to east, which caused a major earthquake in 1999.2

Pic No. 1 – The map of Turkey

2.1.1 NATIONAL PARKS

There are 39 official national parks and 16 sanctuaries in Turkey. The first national park in Turkey was established in 1958. Since then their numbers have increased to 39. Some of these parks, which were initially established for archaeological and historical purposes are at the same time rich habitats where biological diversity is being protected. The Olympos - Bey Mountains National Park in the province of Antalya in the Mediterranean region, for example,

2 Internet. online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-10]. Availiable on WWW: < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey>

12

contains a wealth of flora and fauna, which are either endemic or relic distributions, in addition to important archaeological ruins. The Köprülü Canyon National Park in the same province is the home of Cupressus sempervirens forests. Natural forests of this tree no longer occur elsewhere in the world. In addition to its archaeological and geological treasures, this park also contains a large number of endemic plants and rare animal species.

Although the majority of the national parks are found in forest lands, there are also a number which are established in areas where steppe-type vegetation predominates. Examples are Munzur Valley (eastern Anatolia), Baskomutan, Göreme, Bogazköy - Alacahöyük (all in Central Anatolia), and Nemrut Mountain (Eastern Anatolia - Adiyaman).

Among the national parks, the famed Kuscenneti National Park is characterized by a particularly significant ecological structure. The Kuscenneti National Park is one of the many prime quality wetlands in Turkey and is located in the southern zone of the Marmara region. This area was established as a national park in 1959, was awarded "European Diploma" in 1976 by the Council of Europe, and Diploma was renewed in 1981, 1985 and 1991.

As of 2008, there are 39 National Parks all around Turkey, and their total surface reaches 877.771 hectares (2.169.011 acres).

Awareness of sanctuaries rise of, Turkey uses its special status of biological and natural diversities, which leads to the fact, that between years 1987 and 2008 all this are was diveded into 32 sanctuaries. These parts now cover 63.008 hectares, which is 155.695 acres.

2.1.2 NATURE PRESERVES

The growing consciousness that Turkey enjoys a special status from the point of view of biological diversity has led, between 1987 and 2008, to the designation of 32 areas as mature preserves. Their total area today reaches 63.008 hectares (155.695 acres).

Most of these nature preserves are smaller in area than national parks, which allows for their enclosure and leads to more effective protection.

13

All the nature preserves have been designated as such due to various biological characteristics. Some of these are listed in the table below, which indicates the reasons for their selection as areas to be protected.

Kasnak Mesesi in Isparta – covers area of 1.300 hectares and it´s protecte for Quercus vulcanica

Sülüklü lake in region of Bolu – covers area of 810 hectares and it´s protected for the lake and natural ecosystem

Sirtlandag in region of Mugla – covers area of 784 hectares and it´s protecte for Pinus Halepensi.3

2.2 ADMINISTRATIVE CONDITIONS CULTURALLY

Turkey thanks to its rich history has various and great quantity of historical sites, which extends into the distant past before Christ. Many cultures changed here and that´s why we can find here many varied buildings. A lot of monuments were included among the monuments of the UNESCO world cultural and natural heritage.

Between these monuments are Beliny – Troy, Safranbolu, Göreme National Park and rock city Cappadocia, Divrigi – Big mousque and hospitál, Hattusha, Hierapolis next to Pamukkale, Historic part of Istanbul, Nemrut Dagi and Xanthos – Letoun.4

2.2.1 TROY

3 Internet.[online].c2011[cit. 2011-02-10].Availiable on: WWW: < http://www.allaboutturkey.com/millipark.htm>

4 Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-12]. Availiable on WWW: < http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/tr> paraphrase 14

Troy lies in province Cannakale. In 1998 was included among the monuments of the UNESCO. Troy with its 4.000 years long history is one of the most famous archeological sites in the world. The first excavations started in 1868 by famous archeolog Heinrich Schliemann. Extensive remains of Anatolian civilization are the most significant illustration of first contact with civilization of Mediterranean sea. Moreover the siege of Troy by spartan warriors and achaean warriors from Greece in 13th or 12th century B. C. has been described by Homer in his Illiada and that later has inpired many artists from around the world.

Archeological part of Troy has great importance in understanding the evolution of european civilizations in critical time in the beginning.5

Pic No. 2 – Cannakale – Troy

5 AYLIFFE, Rosie; DUBIN, Marc; GAWTHRON John. Turecko-Turistický průvodce. 1st edition, Brno: Publishing house of JOTA, Inc., 2002. 1044 pages. ISBN 80-7217-056-2 – paraphrase – page 283

15

2.2.2 HATTUSA

Hattusa is located in the province Corum and Sungurlu area was a UNESCO classified in 1986.

The archaeological site of Hattusha, former capital of the Hittite Empire, is notable for its urban organization, the types of construction that have been preserved (temples, royal residences, fortifications), the rich ornamentation of the Lions' Gate and the Royal Gate, and the ensemble of rock art at Yazilikaya. The city enjoyed considerable influence in Anatolia and northern Syria in the 2nd millennium B.C. 6

Pic No. 3 - Hattusa

2.2.3 HIERAPOLIS AND PAMUKKALE

Hierapolis-Pamukkale we can find in province of the city Denizli and as the UNESCO monuments were included in 1988. There is water with limestone, which sources for nearly

6 Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-12]. Availiable on WWW: < http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/377>

16

200m high cliff above the plain. This water created an unreal and beautiful landscape. It consists of mineral forests, petrfied waterfalls and Gross of the pool terraces. Close to Pamukkale there is and old antique spa a city Hierapolis located. There is also necropolis which belongs to Hierapolis. There were found 1200 tombs from different times and this necropolis is one of the largem in the world. We can find at this place ruins of spa, temples and other greek monuments till today. 7

Pic No. 4 - Pamukkale

2.2.4 HISTORIC PART OF ISTANBUL

Historic part of Istanbul belongs obviously into the city and province of Istanbul and into UNESCO was classified in 1985. Istanbul lies on strategic place in Bospor between the Balkans and Anatolia, Black and Mediterranean sea. It was connected with the main political, religion and artistic events for more then 2.000 years. It is famous for its location because it is city located on two continents. The name of the city was also many times changed in the history: Byzantion, Constantinopol or Carigrad. Among its most valuable places belou Hippodrome of Constantine, Mosque – Hagia Sophia from the 6th century and Suleyman´s Mosque from the 16th century which is also called Blue Mosque. There is big industrial

7 YALE, Pat; CAMPBELL, Verity; PLUNKETT, Richard, Lonely Planet. Turecko-Turistický průvodce. 8th edition, Praha: SVOJTKA & Co., 2004; 659 pages; ISBN 80-7237-873-2 – paraphrase – page 319-321 17

pollution threatens for the whole city, unregulated urbanization and rapidly growing population.8

Pic No. 5 – Istanbul – Suleyman´s Mosque – Blue Mosque

2.2.5 THE NATIONAL PARK GÖREME

The National Park Göreme (in Cappadocia) we can find in province of Nevsehir in the middle of Anatolia and as the UNESCO monument was classified in 1985.

In the interesting landscape which is modeled by erosion, there is the valley Göreme and its environment. We can see here cave shrine carved into the rocks. These monuments offers rarely remains of byzantine art from post-iconoclastic epoch. There are also shelters and caves of village people, underground cities and remains of a traditional human settlements, which dates to the 4th century.9

8 BREWER, Stephen; Berlitz; Turecko-průvodce do kapsy; 1st edition; Bučovice: RO-TO-M, 2003; 192 pages; ISBN 80-86704-21-1 – paraphrase – page 26-39 9 AYLIFFE, Rosie; DUBIN, Marc; GAWTHRON John. Turecko-Turistický průvodce. 1st edition, Brno: Publishing house of JOTA, Inc., 2002. 1044 pages; ISBN 80-7217-056-2 – paraphrase – page 667-668 18

Pic No. 6 - Cappadocia

2.2.6 NEMRUT DAGI

Nemrut Dagi belongs into province of Adiyman and among monuments of UNESCO was classified in 1987.

The Mausoleum of Antiochus I. (69-34 B. C.), who ruled Kommagen (the kingdom based in the north of Syria and on the river Eufrat after the breakup of Alexander´s Empire). It is one of the most ambitious buildings of helenistic phase. Syncretism of pantheon and genus of kings can be observed due to two groups of legends – greek and persian. Those legends show the origins of the culture of the kingdom.10

10 AYLIFFE, Rosie; DUBIN, Marc; GAWTHRON John. Turecko-Turistický průvodce. 1st edition, Brno: Publishing house of JOTA, s. r. o., 2002. 1044 pages; ISBN 80-7217-056-2 – paraphrase – page 887 19

Pic No. 7 – Nemrut Dagi

2.2.7 SAFRANBOLU

Safranbolu is located in province of Karabuc in the area of Safranbolu at Black Sea. It was registered as the UNESCO monument at 1994.

From the 13th century to the advent of the railway in the early 20th century, Safranbolu was an important caravan station on the main East–West trade route. The Old Mosque, Old Bath and Süleyman Pasha Medrese were built in 1322. During its apogee in the 17th century, Safranbolu's architecture influenced urban development throughout much of the Ottoman Empire.11

11 Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-12]. Availiable on WWW:

20

Pic No. 8 - Safranbolu

2.2.8 THE BIG MOSQUE AND HOSPITAL IN DIVRIGI

The Big Mosque and Hospital in Divrigi were classified as an UNESCO monuments in 1985 and they are located in province of Sivas.

The area of Anatolia was recharged by the Turks at the beginning of 11 century. Between 1228 and 1229 Emir Ahmet Shah founded the mosque adjacent to hospital in Divrigi. There is a chapel in the mosque which is culminated with two cupolas. Highly sophisticated techniques of vaulting and intentive and rich style of decorative sculpture especially at the three door are comprised of contrast with the undecorated interior walls. All this shows a unique elements of islamic architecture. 12

12 AYLIFFE, Rosie; DUBIN, Marc; GAWTHRON John. Turecko-Turistický průvodce. 1st edition, Brno: Publishing house of JOTA, s. r. o., 2002. 1044 pages; ISBN 80-7217-056-2 – paraphrase – page 830 21

Pic No. 9 - Divrigi

2.2.9 XANTHOS AND LETOON

Xanthos – Letoon was classified as a UNESCO monument in 1988 and it is located in the province of Mugla and Antalya.

This site, which was the capital of Lycia, illustrates the blending of Lycian traditions and Hellenic influence, especially in its funerary art. The epigraphic inscriptions are crucial for our understanding of the history of the Lycian people and their Indo-European language.13

13 Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-08]. Availiable on WWW: 22

Pic No. 10 – Xanthos – Letoon

23

ISLAM

The Arabic word "Islam" simply means "submission", and is derived from a word meaning "peace" and a life focused on peace, mercy, and forgiveness. In a religious context it means complete submission to the will of God. "Mohammedanism" is thus a misnomer because it suggests that Muslims worship Muhammad, peace be upon him, rather than God. "Allah" is the Arabic name for God, which is used by Arab Muslims and Christians.

Evangelized by the Prophet Muhammed in the 600's AD, Islam is a religion celebrated by an estimated one billion people. One fifth of the world's population from a vast range of cultures, nationalities, and races embrace Islam as both a religion and a way of life. In Turkey, approximately ninety-eight percent of the citizens are Muslims.

Muhammed was born in Mecca in about 570 AD. He preached that there is only one God and that he, Muhammed, was God's messenger. Those that accept him as such are called Muslims, which means "one who submits to God.". The Koran (Kuran, Qur'an) is the Islamic Bible, believed to be an exact record of the words revealed by God through the Angel Gabriel to Prophet Muhammed. Its basic theme is the relationship between God and his creations, yet at the same time it provides guidelines for a just society, proper human conduct, and an equitable economic system.

The following are the "Five Pillars" of Islam and are considered the framework of the Muslim life. The first pillar is faith in God and Muhammed as his messenger. The second pillar is prayer, performed five times a day. The third is concern for the needy, given as a tithe estimated at two and a half percent per annum. Next is self-purification. Every year in the month of Ramadan, all able Muslims fast from dawn till dusk, abstaining from food, drink, and sexual relations. Finally, physically and financially able followers are expected to make a once-in-a-lifetime pilgrimage to Mecca. About two million Muslims accomplish this trip each year.

24

Turkey adopted a secular government when it became a republic under the leadership of Kemal Ataturk.14

2.4 SELECTIVE ASSUMPTIONS

2.4.1 SECURITY SITUATION

Turkey is generally a very safe country. We can say, that it is safer than most countries of central and western Europe. Since this is a country, where the main religion is islam, visitors should respect this and they should be aware of wearing proper clothes which is meant especially for women. The bathing suit should be weared only on the beach. Short trousers, sleeveless t-shirts and mini-skirts are not appropriate. In the east side of the country which is more orthodox and that means more dangerous that kind of clothes should not be worn there at all. The east side of the country is better to avoid anyway. It is also important to be wide awake in every large city. There can be seen more or less of minor offenses and it is important to watch out for the pickpockets. For this reason everybody should be carefull especially in crowded marketplaces. In the eastsouth area of Turkey, especially near the border with Iraq and Syria, there is violence taking place and it is associated with an attempt of to bigger emancipation. Small civil war which once happened here, it is already ten years behind them.

Turkey belongs between countries with the highest number of road accidents and the highest mortality rate. The highway code are more or less the same in all countries. The difference is that turks fall to comply with traffic regulations and for that reason it needs high caution. Mainly pedestrians should pay attention, because there is a rule in Turkey of „absolute primacy of the motor vehicle“. While driving a car the driver gives the signal to aware of their presence to other drivers. Mainly it is honking. Using light signal doesn´t mean to prefer to run but vice versa.

There is not any agreement between the Czech Republic and Turkey about providing free health services. That´s why it´s very important to have some kind of health insurance for citizens of the Czech Republic when going to Turkey. However the private health care has

14 Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-08]. Availiable on WWW:

25

high level. Fortunately Turkey does not mean in particular high health problem for regular tourist.15

2.4.2 RACE AND ETHNICITY

Turkey and its citizens belong to „white“ race – europoid. Ethnicity of Turkey is 80% of Turks, 15% od Kurds and 5% of all others like (Armens, Arabs, Greeks, Albanians, Georgians, Jews and others). Turks are very proud of their country and all its history and they are great patriots.16

2.4.3 STANDARD OF LIVING

Tha standard of living in Turkey could be compared to pour europian countries. Tourist´s locations are similar to more developed ones. The standard of living increases from year to year.

2.4.4 CUSTOMS OF TURKEY

Like all other countries even Turkey has its own customs, but Turkey thank to its history has countless of them. Among the most famous and the most interesting belongs Ramadan. It lasts 30 days and it must be hold from sunrise to sunset every day for 30 days. During this time muslims generally can not eat, drink and they must avoid all human benefits. Ramadan ends with Bayram, which is celebration of the power of muslims, that they holt their self-denial. The families visit each other and give each other presents.

One more custom which should be mentioned is drinking tea. Tea is offered everywhere. If someone comes to visit the store where somebody just stops for a while. It´s national specimen of turk´s hospitality.

2.4.5 CULTURAL PARTICULARITIES

15 Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-08]. Availiable on WWW: < http://www.hedvabnastezka.cz/zeme/turecko/asie-turecko-bezpecnostni-situace> - paraphrase

16 Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-08]. Availiable on WWW: < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey>

26

There are many attractions in Turkey and one of the most interesting and the most famous is a „turkish toilet“, which is known for everybody. It is basically a hole in the ground, which may be replaced by a sort of sink. However the most interesting is, that to find this kind of toilet in Turkey is nowdays really difficult and basically whereever you go you will find classic toilets.

2.5 TRANSPORTATION

2.5.1 LEVEL OF SERVICES

The quality of services is really good in tourist´s locations. The influence of foreign tourists has helped to learn how to please any kind of request. We can find here large number of banks with ATM and post offices, but also there are many current services such as laundry, dry cleaner, heardresser, barber shop which is also everywhere. The taxi services can be used 24 hours a day and public transport operates regularly.

The quality of public transport is really good. The coaches runs every day, several times and to all parts of the country. The coaches look very good and there is a steward on board who takes care of passengers. The steward offers water, tea, coffee but he also offers biscuits as a snack or candies. The train transportation is a little bit cheaper, but the trains do not go everywhere. The aviation is raising up, because all big cities have airports and it is easier for everybody to travel by plane. 17

2.6 PLACES THAT MUST BE SEEN

2.6.1 PAMUKKALE and HIERAPOLIS

Pamukkale or we can also say Cotton castle is a unique natural phenomenon, which is symbolized by slope travertine cascades. This overriding attraction of Turkey is located 20

17 My own experience 27

km north of the city Denizli. Terrace is created here, which has length around 2,5 km, width 500 m and height 150 m. This formation represents a period of time creation of about 100 000 years. This natural phenomenon was created by natural reaction. The natural reaction is that along countless number of fine cracks water goes down into the great depths where it is warmed up by magmatic heat. Together with still increassing pressure carbon dioxide is took in and that is how heat carbonic acid comes into being. Its aggressiveness on the way to the surface causes degradation of numerous rocks and their leaching. In the end there is 2.000 mg of mineral nutrients in one litre of water. On the way to the surface water cools down and it bubble out from a few cracks. 250 litres of mineral water runs out of sprint every sec with temperature of 35°-38° celsius. Carbon dioxide rapidly escapes when soluble hydrogen carbonate changes into insoluble kalcium carbonate. It is the way how freshwater limestone – travertine – begins.

Hierapolis is an old ancient city which lies in front of the entrance to Pamukkale. The oldest traces of settlement are dated aproximately two thousand years before Christ. Lyds built military camp here for the protection of placer gold in the 6th century. From the third century before Christ this place belonged to seleucids, heirs of the great conqueror Alexander Macedonian, who ruled a vast empire with center in Syria. Seleucids were defeated by army of Roman Republic and Pergamon Kingdom in major battle at a nearby Magnesia in 190 before Christ. But the area accounted for Pergamon, which was major power center in Asia Minor. One of the last kings Eumenes II. based directly on the travertine cascades city in the second century before Christ. It was called Hierapolis after Hiera the wife of Telef, who was mythical legendary founder of Pergamon. Extinct genus of kings of Pergamon after several decades and their territorie accounted for powerful Roman Republic, its senate and the people. The period of the greatest prosperity was governance of Rome with a peak in the second and third century. Roman people loved benefits of the spa and they used their ideal conditions and Hierapolis became leading thermal resort of the time. However city was threatened by frequent earthquakes. One of the worst ones happened during the reign of emperor Nero in 60 a. d., which virtually destroyed the city. The fame of the spa was so great, that new buildings were built very quickly. The city was built probably by the architekt Hippodam. Construction plan with the orthogonal street is still visible. There is not much preserved from the original

28

hellenistic city. Final depopulation and fall into obscurity meant invasion of seljuks, who spread the plague and fled into the nearby town Denizli.

Hierapolis consists of ruins of an old ancient town and necropolis. We can see there Agora and streets which used to be surrounded by small stores and till today there are some stone slabs preserved with a sign of which store it used to be. We can also find here beautiful hellenistic gate and defense gate. Nearby there is amphitheatre from the second century a. d. where are 50 lines for viewers. The amphitheatre lies above Pamukkale and city of Hierapolis and we have beautiful view from here to surrounding areas. After passing through the town we come to the necropolis, where 1.200 tombs were found, which makes this necropolis the biggest and oldest in the whole ancient world. There are three types of thombs. First one is called sarcophagus type, which literally looks like sarcophagus. The other is called square type, which has square as a base and roof has dome shape. The last one is home tomb, which looks like stone house and the whole family used to be gragually buried in there. 18

Pic No. 11 - Hierapolis

18 AYLIFFE, Rosie; DUBIN, Marc; GAWTHRON John. Turecko-Turistický průvodce. 1st edition, Brno: Publishing house of JOTA, s. r. o., 2002. 1044 pages; ISBN 80-7217-056-2 – paraphrase – page 450-451 Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-08]. Availiable on WWW: < http://turecko.poznavaci- zajezdy.cz/pamukkale.html > 29

Pic No. 12 – The map of studied region

2.7 BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STATE

Oficial name: Republic of Turkey

Geographic location: South- (that part west of the Bosphorus is sometimes included with Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria

Geographic coordinates: 39 00 N, 35 00 E 19

Area: total: 783,562 sq km country comparison to the world: 37 land: 769,632 sq km

19 Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-08]. Availiable on WWW: < http://www.allaboutturkey.com/info.htm>

30

water: 13,930 sq km20

Population: 73.722.988 as of 1st January 2011 (was 67,803,927 in 2000), effectively is around 75 million, average of 94 inhabitants live per square kilometer, 75.5% of the total population live in the cities and 24.5% in villages or small towns in the countryside

Type of government: republican parliamentary democracy

Administrative divisions: 81 provinces (iller, singular - il); , Adiyaman, Afyon, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, , Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Icel, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir, Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, , Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, , Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon, Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak

Nationality: Turkish (80%), Kurdish (20%)

Currency: YTL – turkish lira = 100 kurush Religions: 99 % Muslim = 80 % Sunni and 19 % Shia, Other 1% (Christian and Jews)

Time zone: + 1hour

Capital: Ankara – 4.771.716 as of January 2011 (4,007,860 in 2000), 6.4 % of the total population

Other significant cities: Istanbul, Izmir, Adana, Bursa, Antalya

20 Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-08]. Availiable on WWW:

31

Turkish flag: Present shape is from 1844. It is a red flag with a white moon and star – muslim symbols 21

Pic No. 13 – The Turkish flag

21 Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-09]. Availiable on WWW: < http://www.allaboutturkey.com/info.htm>

32

3. PRACTICAL PART

For my practical part I have created questionairres, which I have sent to my colleagues and to people who have been to Turkey as tourists. I have got answers from 20 residents and 50 visitors and from those I have modeled pie charts and made analyses.

This chapter also provides a description of the methods which I have used.

My practical part I have started with questionnairres as mentioned above. I have divided questionnairres in two types. The first type was questionnary for people who have been to Turkey as visitors and the other type of questionnary was for those who have lived in Turkey as residents. My questions for those people related to finding out why people usually go to Turkey and what they think about it.

3.1 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR VISITORS

1) What influenced your decision to travel to Turkey? a) I have read of it. b) My friends recommeneded it to me. c) I have already visited different places. 2) Were you scared of travelling to Turkey? a) Yes, I was. b) No, I was not. c) I do not know. I did not think of it. 3) Has anybody tried to change your decision to travel to Turkey? a) Yes, they have. b) No, they have not. 4) Was the reason of your travelling to Turkey to relax or to travel and get to know the country? a) To relax. b) To relax and get to know the country.

33

c) To relax and travel. 5) What religion are you? a) Christian b) Muslim c) Atheist d) Other 6) What do you think about Islam? a) It is a religion like any other. b) It scares me. 7) Has anything bad happened to you during your stay regarding islamic religion? a) Yes, it has. b) No, it has not . 8) If anything bad happened to you, please, describe it.

9) Would you come back to Turkey for another holiday? a) Yes, I would. b) No, I would not. c) I do not know. 10) Where are you from?

11) Are you: a) Man b) Woman 12) How old are you? a) 0-20 b) 21-30 c) 31-40 d) 41-50 e) 51-60

34

3.2 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR RESIDENTS

1) Why did you decide to live in Turkey? a) Because of my job. b) I met somebody. c) I had nothing else to do. d) I just love this place. 2) Were you scared of living in Turkey? a) Yes, I was b) No, I was not. c) I do not know. I did not think of it. 3) Has anybody tried to change your decision to live in Turkey? a) Yes, they have. b) No, they have not. 4) How is your life in Turkey? a) It is excellent. b) It is ok. c) I do not like it very much, but I prefer living here to another place. d) I do not like it and I am planning to leave as soon as possible. 5) What religion are you? a) Christian b) Muslim c) Atheist d) Other 6) What do you think about Islam? a) It is a religion like any other. b) It scares me. 7) Has anything bad happened to you during you stay regarding islamic religion? a) Yes, it has. b) No, it has not . 8) If anything bad happened to you, please, describe it.

9) Are you planning to spend the rest of your life in Turkey? a) Yes, I am. b) No, I am not. c) I do not know what I want. 10) Where are you from? 35

11) Are you: a) Man b) Woman 12) How old are you? a) 0-20 b) 21-30 c) 31-40 d) 41-50 e) 51-60

36

QUESTION No.1 – for visitors

What influenced your decision to travel to Turkey?

With this question I wanted to find out the main reason why people decided to travel to Turkey. 13% of respondents answered this question that the main reason was that they had read about it. 30% of respondents answered that the main reason was that they had already visited other places and most of the responders 57% answered that the main reason was that friends had recommended it to them.

What influenced your decision to travel to Turkey?

13%

30% I have read of it.

My friends recommended it to me. I have already visited other places. 57%

Graph No. 1

37

QUESTION No1 – for residents

Why did dou decide to live in Turkey?

This question was supposed to show why people from other countries move to Turkey. 10% answered that they just had nothing to do and that is why they moved there. The rest of respondents 90% answered, that they moved there because of their job.

Why did you decide to live in Turkey?

0% 0% 10%

Because of my job. I met somebody. I had nothing else to do. I just love this place.

90%

Graph No. 2

38

QUESTION No2 – for visitors

Were you scared of travelling to Turkey?

This question was supposed to show if people nowadays still have some kind of fear regarding to Turkey and it has showed that almost 7% of respondents had not thought of it, almost 27% had been scared and 66% had not been scared.

Were you scared of travelling to Turkey?

7%

27% Yes, I was.

No, I was not.

I do not know. I did not think of it. 66%

Graph No. 3

39

QUESTION No2 – for residents

Were you scared of living in Turkey?

Similarly to the previous question for visitors this question should show if people still have worries from this country. 10% of respondents have answered that they had been scared and 90% answered they they had not.

Were you scared of living in Turkey?

0%

10%

Yes, I was.

No, I was not.

I do not know. I did not think of it.

90%

Graph No. 4

40

QUESTION No3 – for visitors

Has anybody tried to change your decision to travel to Turkey?

This question again shows the view of the general public of this country where 38% respondents have answered that they had tried and 62% answered that nobody had tried to change their decision.

Has anybody tried to change your decision to travel to Turkey?

38% Yes, they have. No, they have not. 62%

Graph No. 5

41

QUESTION No3 – for residents

Has anybody tried to change your decision to live in Turkey?

As at the previous question I wanted to find out the worries of people about this country. 30% of respondents have answered that others had not tried to change their decision and 70% have answered that they had tried.

Has anybody tried to change your decision to live in Turkey?

30%

Yes, they have. No, they have not.

70%

Graph No. 6

42

QUESTION No4 – for visitors

Was the reason of your travelling to Turkey to relax or to travel and get to know the country?

With this question I wanted to find out why basically people travel to Turkey. Only 13% of respondents have answered that the main reason is to travel and get to know the country, 27% have answered that they come to Turkey to travel but also to relax and the rest 60% have answered that they come to Turkey to relax.

Was the reason of your travelling to Turkey to relax or to travel and get to know the country?

To relax 27% To travel and get to know the country To relax and travel 60% 13%

Graph No. 7

43

QUESTION No4 – for residents

How is your life in Turkey?

This question should show why do foreigners still live in Turkey and how is their life over there. 10% of respondents have answered that they do not like there very much but they still prefer living there to another place. 30% have answered that it is ok and 60% says that their life is excellent.

How is your life in Turkey?

0%

10% It is excellent.

It is ok.

30% I do not like it very much, but I 60% prefer living here to another place. I do not like it and I am planning to leave as soon as possible.

Graph No. 8

44

QUESTION No5 – for visitors

What religion are you?

This question should show the percentage of believeres respondents who have visited Turkey and because all my respondents are from the Czech Republic the most respondents are atheist – 87%. The other respondents are from 13% Christians. None of my respondents are Muslims or any other religion.

What religion are you?

0%

13% 0%

Christian Muslim Atheist Other

87%

Graph No. 9

45

QUESTION No5 – for residents

What religion are you?

This question should show the percentage of believeres respondents who have lived in Turkey. My respondents are from different countries so here we have more differencies. 75% answered that they are Christians, 20% are atheists and 5% of Muslims.

What religion are you?

0%

20%

Christian 5% Muslim Atheist Other

75%

Graph No. 10

46

QUESTION No6 – for visitors

What do you think about Islam?

Qustestion number six is supposed to show if there is any fear of this religion between people who travel to muslim countries. 75% of respondents who only visited Turkey are scared of Islam religion and 25% think that it si a religion like any other.

What do you think about Islam?

25%

It is a religion like any other. It scares me.

75%

Graph No. 11

47

QUESTION No6 – for residents

What do you think about Islam?

The qustestion number six for residents is trying to find out if there exists any fear of this religion among people who have lived in Turkey. 60% of respondents who have lived in Turkey and know something about this religion think that it is religion like any other and 40% are scared of it.

What do you think about Islam?

40% It is a religion like any other. It scares me. 60%

Graph No. 12

48

QUESTION No7 – for visitors

Has anything bad happened to you during you stay regarding islamic religion?

Here I wanted to find out if there is any reason for fear of this religion. 100% answered that nothing has happened to them regarding islamic religion.

Has anything bad happened to you during you stay regarding islamic religion?

Yes, it has. No it has not.

Graph No. 13

49

QUESTION No7 – for residents

Has anything bad happened to you during you stay regarding islamic religion?

The same question was also for residents and I was interested in finding out if there is any reason for fear of this religion if you actually live in the country. The answers were the same. 100% answered that nothing has happened to them regarding islamic religion.

Has anything bad happened to you during you stay regarding islamic religion?

Yes, it has. No it has not.

Graph No. 14

QUESTION No8 – for visitors and residents

50

If anything bad happened to you, please, desribe it.

Here respondents have not answered anything.

QUESTION No9 – for visitors

Would you come back to Turkey for another holiday?

By this question I wanted to know if the experience of staying in Turkey was so good or bad that respondents would like to comeback or not. 75% respondents would like to comeback, 10% do not want to comeback anymore and 15% do not know.

Would you come back to Turkey for another holiday?

15%

10% Yes, I would. No, I would not. I do not know.

75%

Graph No. 15

QUESTION No9 – for residents

51

Are you planning to spend the rest of your life in Turkey?

This question should show how people who have actually lived in Turkey feel about it. 40% of respondents want to live in Turkey and another 40% do not want to live there. 20% of respondents do not know yet.

Are you planning to spend the rest of your life in Turkey?

20%

40% Yes, I am. No, I am not. I do not know what I want.

40%

Graph No. 16

52

QUESTION No10 – for visitors

Where are you from?

Here I only wanted to show where the respondents come from. All visitors are from the Czech Republic.

Where are you from?

Czech Republic

100%

Graph No. 17

53

QUESTION No10 – for residents

Where are you from?

The same question which was also supposed to show the nationality of respondents. 50% were from the Czech Republic, 20% from Norway, 20% from Finland and 10% from Germany.

Where are you from?

10%

Czech Republic 20% Norway 50% Finland Germany

20%

Graph No. 18

54

QUESTION No11 – for visitors

Are you a man or woman?

Here I only wanted to know the sex of the respondents. 55% of women answered and 45% of men.

Are you a man or woman?

45% Man Woman 55%

Graph No. 19

55

QUESTION No11 – for residents

Are you a man or woman?

Here I also wanted only to know the sex of the respondents. 65% of women answered and 35% of men.

Are you a man or woman?

35%

Man Woman

65%

Graph No. 20

56

QUESTION No12 – for visitors

How old are you?

This question should show the age of responders where 80% of responders were at the age between 21-30 and 20% of respondents were at the age between 31-40.

How old are you?

0% 0% 0%

20%

0-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 80%

Graph No. 21

57

QUESTION No12 – for residents

How old are you?

This question should show the age of responders where 90% of respondents were at the age between 21-30 and 10% of respondents were at the age between 31-40.

How old are you?

0% 0% 0%

10%

0-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60

90%

Graph No. 22

58

CONCLUSION

In my conclusion I would like to summarize the answers of my respondents to my questions. People usually go to Turkey for a job or on their friends recommendation to spend nice holiday over there. They are not scared anymore of staying or living in Turkey, but it can happen that people around us who do not know much about it, they still try to change their decision especially about living in Turkey. Those who only travel to Turkey usually go there to relax and most of those actually living in Turkey think that their life over there is excellent.

Most of my respondents were atheists and christians. Most of them are scared of islam although majority of people who live in Turkey and know more about religion they are not scared anymore. Even though the fear is still there notwithstanding nothing has happened to anybody concerning islam during their staying or living in Turkey.

After all most of the respondents are planning to return to Turkey for holiday and some of those living there would like to spend the rest of their lives in Turkey and some know that they want to live somewhere else.

Most of my respondents were women from the Czech Republic of the age of 21-30.

59

THE LIST OF SOURCES

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

TROMPENAARS, Fons; HAMPDEN-TURNER, Charles; Riding the waves of culture. 2nd edition, Brno: Publishing house Nicolas Brealey, 2008. 265 pages; ISBN-13-978-1-85788- 176-9 and ISBN-10: 1-85788-176-1

AYLIFFE, Rosie; DUBIN, Marc; GAWTHRON John. Turecko-Turistický průvodce. 1st edition, Brno: Publishing house of JOTA, Inc., 2002. 1044 pages. ISBN 80-7217-056-

YALE, Pat; CAMPBELL, Verity; PLUNKETT, Richard, Lonely Planet. Turecko-Turistický průvodce. 8th edition, Praha: SVOJTKA & Co., 2004; 659 pages; ISBN 80-7237-873-2

BREWER, Stephen; Berlitz; Turecko-průvodce do kapsy; 1st edition; Bučovice: RO-TO-M, 2003; 192 pages; ISBN 80-86704-21-1

INTERNET SOURCES:

Internet. online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-10]. Availiable on WWW: < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey>

Internet.[online].c2011[cit. 2011-02-10].Availiable on: WWW: < http://www.allaboutturkey.com/millipark.htm>

Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-12]. Availiable on WWW: < http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/tr> paraphrase

Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-12]. Availiable on WWW: < http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/377>

Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-12]. Availiable on WWW: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/614

60

Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-08]. Availiable on WWW: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/484

Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-08]. Availiable on WWW:

Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-08]. Availiable on WWW: < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey>

Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-08]. Availiable on WWW: < http://turecko.poznavaci- zajezdy.cz/pamukkale.html >

Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-08]. Availiable on WWW: < http://www.allaboutturkey.com/info.htm>

Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-08]. Availiable on WWW:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html

Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-02-09]. Availiable on WWW: < http://www.allaboutturkey.com/info.htm>

61

THE LIST OF PICTURES

Pic No. 1 - Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-05-05]. Availiable on WWW: < http://www.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=http://turecko.eurovikendy- 24.cz/mapa.gif&imgrefurl=http://turecko.eurovikendy- 24.cz/&h=331&w=514&sz=34&tbnid=J8BLH2L9b7pgmM:&tbnh=84&tbnw=131&prev=/se arch%3Fq%3Dmapa%2Bturecka%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=mapa+turecka &usg=__G9wksWnoctWpf7NPBx1nLdv1kbY=&sa=X&ei=FfTCTdjyEIGSOuzJyZ0I&ved= 0CCgQ9QEwAg>

Pic No. 2 – My own picture

Pic No. 3 - Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-05-05]. Availiable on WWW: < http://www.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ucebnice-dejepisu.ic.cz/img/c/big/800px- Hattusa.liongate.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ucebnice-dejepisu.ic.cz/0104-dejiny-chetitu- mezopotamie-chattusas-muvatallis-mala-asie- chetite.php&h=523&w=800&sz=87&tbnid=x9n6Am1Za1E60M:&tbnh=93&tbnw=143&prev =/search%3Fq%3Dhattusa%2Bpicture%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=hattusa+ picture&usg=__mYUwtUqIEiD2RpnWmEb70oJRCyA=&sa=X&ei=WvXCTcCJGNGgOo7i 6J0I&ved=0CCIQ9QEwAQ>

Pic No. 4 – My own picture

Pic No. 5 – My own picture

Pic No. 6 – My own picture

Pic No. 7 – My own picture

Pic No. 8 - Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-05-05]. Availiable on WWW: < http://www.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=http://www.gteturizm.com/wp- content/uploads/2010/08/safranbolu- 1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.gteturizm.com/2010/08/12/westliche- schwarzmeerkuste/&h=2000&w=1755&sz=1348&tbnid=CyNl6qdD7FAk2M:&tbnh=150&tb

62

nw=132&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dsafranbolu%2Bpicture%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoo m=1&q=safranbolu+picture&usg=__DxpZ_qBMeugwrkvaP8and0IcWK8=&sa=X&ei=0PXC TcX0NMWZOvazrZ0I&ved=0CCkQ9QEwBQ>

Pic No. 9 - Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-05-05]. Availiable on WWW: < http://sivas.yurticiturizm.com/sivas-divrigi-ulu-camii-ve-darussifa.html>

Pic No. 10 - Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-05-05]. Availiable on WWW: < http://www.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=http://www.evilreligion.com/wp- content/uploads/2010/03/Xanthos-Letoon-2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.evilreligion.com/top- historical-sites-ldeniz/&usg=__OEL1Kft86YWv5ufiZ- pFtAn37cE=&h=904&w=600&sz=100&hl=cs&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=b1X12VDPS5SA1 M:&tbnh=149&tbnw=123&ei=w_fCTY2_OsjqOeyc6O4E&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dxanthos %2Bletoon%2Bpicture%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dcs%26client%3Dfirefox- a%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:cs:official%26biw%3D1269%26bih%3D598%26tbm %3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=670&vpy=223&dur=4286&hovh=185&hovw=123 &tx=110&ty=111&page=1&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0>

Pic No. 11 – My own picture

Pic No. 12 - Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-05-05]. Availiable on WWW: < http://www.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=http://eskotravel.com/images/pamukkale- map.jpg&imgrefurl=http://eskotravel.com/region- aegean.html&usg=__kbfEFaHtJ_OOHZyQUsB4tVJaAxY=&h=247&w=279&sz=27&hl=cs &start=110&zoom=1&tbnid=emt6IWjUaBUBiM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=152&ei=1PjCTcGQBsi q- AaahYT6Aw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpamukkale%2Ba%2Bhierapolis%2Bmapa%26um%3 D1%26hl%3Dcs%26client%3Dfirefox- a%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:cs:official%26biw%3D1269%26bih%3D598%26tbm %3Disch0%2C2758&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=469&vpy=169&dur=5251&hovh=197&h ovw=223&tx=154&ty=107&page=7&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:110&biw=1269&bih=598>

Pic No. 13 - Internet. [online]. c2011 [cit. 2011-05-05]. Availiable on WWW: < http://www.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=http://fotw.fivestarflags.com/images/t/tr.gif&imgrefurl=

63

http://fotw.fivestarflags.com/tr.html&h=216&w=324&sz=3&tbnid=xcbOPL3r85VEhM:&tbn h=79&tbnw=118&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dturkish%2Bflag%2Bpicture%26tbm%3Disch%26t bo%3Du&zoom=1&q=turkish+flag+picture&usg=__ITdf937nyQrVMACkvETkjIkD8TA=& sa=X&ei=fPrCTeO_Ks3Nsgab-7XEDw&ved=0CCQQ9QEwAQ>

64

THE LIST OF GRAPHS

Graph No. 1 – What influenced your decision to travel to Turkey?

Graph No. 2 – Why did you decide to live in Turkey?

Graph No. 3 – Were you scared of travelling to Turkey?

Graph No. 4 – Were you scared of living in Turkey?

Graph No. 5 – Has anybody tried to change your decision to travel to Turkey?

Graph No. 6 – Has anybody tried to change your decision to live in Turkey?

Graph No. 7 - Was the reason of your travelling to Turkey to relax or to travel and get to know the country?

Graph No. 8 – How is your life in Turkey?

Graph No. 9 – What religion are you?

Graph No. 10 – What religion are you?

Graph No. 11 – What do you think about islam?

Graph No. 12 – What do you think about islam?

Graph No. 13 – Has anything bad happened to you during your stay regarding islamic religion?

Graph No. 14 – Has anything bad happened to you during your stay regarding islamic religion?

Graph No. 15 – Would you comeback to Turkey for another holiday?

65

Graph No. 16 – Are you planning to spend the rest of your life in Turkey?

Graph No. 17 – Where are you from?

Graph No. 18 – Where are you from?

Graph No. 19 – Are you a man or woman?

Graph No. 20 – Are you a man or woman?

Graph No. 21 – How old are you?

Graph No. 22 – How old are you?

66