THE RISING NEGRO STRUGGLE New Weapons in Freedom Now Arsenal By George Breitman ment. Unemployed struggles are nothing new in our year. By direct action and by mass action, they sought DETROIT — Every genuine mass movement, like history, nor are demonstrations and picket lines. But this to stop construction in order to gain serious attention every revolution, produces new things — new relation­ was an unemployed struggle under the banner of racial to their demands (jobs, admission to the building trade ships, new ways of looking at life, new methods, new equality, and that combination gave it a unique char­ unions, end of discrimination in the apprentice pro­ institutions — or new ways of doing old things. This acter and a new dimension. grams) . article concerns recent developments testifying to the As a young man, I was active in the unemployed I hold that this was something new; that it is an im­ profoundly creative and radical character of the Negro movements of the big depression in the Thirties. We portant addition to the weapons of struggle in the movement for equality. staged marches on Washington, we once occupied the arsenal of the unemployed; and that it w ill be adopted I am not dealing here with new methods and ideas seats of the state legislators in m y native state fo r ten and adapted to their own needs by the big unemployed introduced between 1960 and 1962, about which much days, we picketed City Hall, staged sitdowns in the wel­ movement or movements of white as well as black already has been written, such as the sit-ins, filling of fare offices, struck and shut down WPA projects, etc. workers that will inevitably be created during this the jails, organizing of self-defense, strengthening of But one of the things we did not' do was go to the decade by the onrushing spread of automation. racial consciousness, crystallization of nationalist ideology, factories, mills or construction sites and demand jobs The construction site struggles did not make any spec­ etc. Instead, I confine myself to three developments in “at the point of production.” We went to Congress, state tacular gains. In some places they were able to win a 1963, so recent that their significance has not yet been legislatures and city councils, demanding that they ap­ few jobs and apprenticeships; in others, they succeeded fully discussed and understood. propriate money for cash relief and for public works in shutting down construction but did not get jobs; in The picketing of the construction sites, which began that would provide jobs. But we did not go to the point still others they did not even stop construction. But in Philadelphia last May and spread to several other of production, interpose our bodies and attempt to shut that doesn’t mean they accomplished nothing. Northern cities, represented something definitely new down production unless we were given a certain num­ As much as the Birmingham events, they threw a in this country. ber of jobs. scare into the White House that contributed to the Its content was that of a struggle against unemploy­ That’s what the construction fights were about this (Continued on Page 4) Cubans Nab THE CIA Agents Killer Cop Sparks In Sabotage MILITANT By Fred Halstead Philadelphia Riot Published in the Interests of the Working People NOV. 6 — Every decent Amer­ PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 6 — The fered from a spinal deformity, was ican should be outraged at the police killing here of a 24-year-old stopped by patrolman John Touri- fact that the United States gov­ Vol. 27 - No. 40 Monday, Novem ber 11, 1963 Price 10c Negro cripple — apparently while gian, white, and questioned about ernment has responded to the the youth was suffering an epilep­ a watch which had allegedly just hurricane disaster which hit Cuba tic attack — has caused a severe been shoplifted from the Owl- last month by stepping up sabot­ rise in tension in the heart of the Cut-Rate store nearby. The cop age raids against that island. North Philadelphia Negro neigh­ claimed the youth lunged at him Detailed proof that this is in­ borhood. The failure of the “lib­ with a knife. deed the case is contained in a eral” administration of Mayor The cop shot Philyaw in the Bring the GIs remarkable speech delivered by James H. J. Tate to take effective head, literally spilling his brains Cuban Premier Fidel Castro over action against the killer caused on the street. Eyewitnesses, who radio and TV Oct. 31. The speech accumulated frustration in the knew Philyaw, said he was indeed carefully weaves together the black ghetto to break out Oct. 28 holding a pen knife, but that the Back from Vietnam evidence from many sources — in violent form — the destruction youth’s muscles began contracting including contradictory dispatches of white-owned stores and proper­ in an epileptic seizure when the An Editorial by U.S. news agencies, statements ty in the neighborhood. Also con­ cop approached and he simply by U.S. government spokesmen, tributing to the explosive frustra­ couldn’t drop the knife. One eye­ No civilized person concerned and equipped U.S. troops. confessions of captured CIA tion was the failure of the Phila­ witness said he told the police­ with social progress w ill mourn Embarrassed before the world agents, and so on, and presents delphia NAACP leadership to take man that he would take the knife the end of the Diem tyranny in by the Buddhist revolt, Kennedy the whole story before the world, serious measures in behalf of the away from Philyaw. South Vietnam. But the military dumped Diem not so much be­ for all to check and countercheck. victimized Negro community and' Roland Townsend, 40, w ho knew junta that has replaced it w ill not cause he was a tyrant as that he None of Castro’s allegations its failure to seriously oppose the Philyaw was an epileptic, said he bring any improvement for the had become an unreliable one, have been refuted by U.S. govern­ attempt of the city administration told the policeman what was hap­ oppressed people of that country. unable to control his own op­ ment spokesmen, and President to whitewash the killing. pening and begged him not to John F. Kennedy refused to an­ It begins as a regime of lies. pressed people. The figureheads A united front of militant Ne­ shoot. Another Negro, Edward swer a question about them at his It told the world that Diem and have changed, but the aim of the gro groups has been formed, how­ Martin, stepped between Philyaw press conference Oct. 31. Castro’s his secret police chief brother, Washington masters remains the ever, in an attempt to give effec­ and the cop just as the cop fired. key charges have actually been Ngo Dinh Nhu, had committed same — hold on to that piece of tive form to the justified rage of Martin, 39, was wounded in the confirmed by subsequent stories suicide. Even the Kennedy admin­ real estate. the residents of the area and to hand by the same bullet that in the U.S. press. istration, which supports the The American people should de­ seek an indictment of the killer. killed Philyaw. The allegedly Much of the speech, deals with junta, admits that they were mand an end to U.S. intervention The killing occured Saturday stolen watch was not found. a raid carried out against the killed. in a war that has nothing to do night, Oct. 26, about 7 p.m. near As the story spread around the with “democracy.” Let the Viet­ western tip of Pinar del Rio 18th Street and Susquehanna Ave. The new regime, in another neighborhood a crowd of some 700 namese people decide their future Province the night of Oct. 21, just transparent lie, denies that the in the heart of the North Phila­ persons gathered by 9 p.m. A trash for themselves. Bring the GI’s 11 days after the hurricane left delphia Negro neighborhood. The can was thrown through the win­ U.S. was involved in the coup. home! (Continued on Page 5) youth, Willie Philyaw, who suf­ dow of the Owl Cut-Rate store Yet Washington has been seeking for months to persuade military and seven persons were arrested on “disorderly conduct” charges officers to put an end to Diem’s rule. It had even made public before the crowd dispersed. statements indicating it would sup­ The daily newspapers which port a military coup. appeared the next day gave only the cop’s story, withholding the The new regime does not rep­ (Continued on Page 2) resent the mass of the people any more than Diem’s did. Practically all the top figures in the new gov­ ernment held high positions under ACLU Offers to Aid Diem. Like Diem and family, they are a gang of military and po­ Muslims Fired By U.S. litical careerists who served the French colonial rulers as puppets The American Civil Lib­ and switched their allegiance to erties Union has offered le­ the new U.S. masters when the gal assistance to 12 Muslims French were driven out. Gen. recently fired from federal Duong Van Minh, “leader” of the jobs for reportedly stating coup, for example, was such a they would support Islam in favorite of the French that they a hypothetical war against made him the first Vietnamese to the U.S. A Civil Service be trained in a military academy Commission spokesman said in France. Later the U.S. sent him to the Command and General they were fired on the basis Staff School in Fort Leavenworth, of “mental reservations” they Kansas. had when taking the required The military regime underlined oath of support to the Con­ its true character with its prompt stitution. declaration that it would vigorous­ The ACLU scored the dis­ ly continue the war against “com­ missals as penalization fo r munism.” The organization of beliefs and said the question, peasant guerrillas, the so-called “Viet Cong,” has the support of “L et us suppose a conflict the vast majority of the peasants develops in the future be­ tween Islam and the U.S., — who make up 85 per cent of AGAINST SCHOOL JIM CROW. Part of mass rally in Chicago Oct. 22 during the historic school the population. It is this popular whom would you support?” boycott where nearly 200,000 Negro elementary and high school students stayed out of classes to support that has enabled the poor­ was akin to asking a Catholic protest continuance on job of Superintendent Willis who resisted school desegregation demands. ly armed guerrillas to hold off for if he would support the These shown here are part of crowd of several thousand that massed to hear local and national years the 250,000-man Vietnamese Vatican in a possible future civil rights leaders including James Forman of the Student Nonviolent Co-ordinating Committee, armed forces, supported now by war against the U.S. at least 16,500 specially trained Dick Gregory, Lawrence Landry of the Chicago Friends of SNCC and others. Page T w o THE MILITANT Monday, November 11, 1963 . Killer Cop Sparks Riot in Philadelphia (Continued from Page 1) facts of Philyaw’s epilepsy and the story of the eyewitnesses. The city transferred the cop from pa­ trol to homicide squad duty and began a closed hearing but took no further action. At that point, the North Phila­ Coal mine operators in south­ muscles to recorded instructions. delphia Committee for Equal Jus­ eastern Tennessee are trying to Some reportedly use coffee breaks tice, which had been formed in break a ten-month strike of the to try more advanced body bend­ 1961 around another case of a United Mine workers using a ing. Apparently no yoga is allowed trigger-happy North Philadelphia scab-herding company union, the during working hours. cop, called an “open hearing” at a Southern Labor Union, as a front * * * street comer for Monday night, as they recently did in the Ha­ After nine years, a Negro work­ Oct. 28. zard, Ky., area. er employed by the Budd Metal During the day Monday, Phila­ In Hazard, the Blue Diamond Company in Willmington, Dela­ delphia NAACP head Cecil B. number 2 mine gave the UMW ware, was earning $1.80 an hour. Moore, who had been campaigning 60 days notice that it was term­ The company hired a white work­ for the re-election of Mayor Tate, inating its contract with the un­ er to do the same kind of work at threatened to call a Negro boycott ion. The UMW called a strike and a starting wage of $2.40 an hour. of the polls unless the killer was the company countered by chang­ This example of the rank discrim­ suspended from the force. ing its name to Blair Fork. Under ination practiced by Budd is the That night, the Committee for its new name the mine owners main reason it was closed down by Equal Justice street meeting was began hiring scabs who then asked a strike of Local 6017 of the Unit­ attended by more than 500 per­ to be represented by the SLU. ed Steel Workers in October.

sons. Placards read: “ W illie is They were defeated by the UMW * * * Dead Killed by Jim Crow, Phila­ in an NLRB election, but the com­ delphia Style.” Speakers called for pany closed down the mine. Textile Workers Union leaders got a flat refusal from southern a boycott of the elections, and for In Tennessee, strikin g miners bosses when they asked fo r a the indictment of the killer. voted 108 to 50 to remain in the general wage increase above the The meeting was orderly and UMW after a similar NLRB elec­ $1.25-an-hour textile companies was closed by the chairman who tion. An addition 421 votes were were forced to pay workers under asked the crowd to disperse and challenged but even the scab- the new minimum wage that went go home. But the frustration was herding SLU outfit admitted that into effect Sept. 3. too strong and after the meeting most of them were UMW votes. Meantime, profits of southern was over a section of the crowd The miners are striking against textile companies are at a record exploded, smashing at least 30 company efforts to slash wages high. An example is Burlington windows of white-owned stores, and end its 40-cent a ton royalty Industries, which has increased its pelting the cops with fruit taken payments to the miners’ welfare profits 11 per cent over 1962. from a broken store front and CONDITIONS THAT LED TO OUTBREAK. Philadelphia young­ and pension fund. doing other damage to white- Despite this fact textile work­ ster in peaceful protest last August against slum housing. Police * * * owned property. No whites were ers down South have had only one injured, however. killing of Negro youth in North Philadelphia Oct. 26 proved to be A union busting campaign, now increase of three per cent in the last straw for some residents of Negro ghetto and they rioted in last one and one-half years. It Quick Exit in its seventh month has divided attempt to break through curtain of indifference. the city of Kingsport, Tenn., into amounted to a pitiful four and one-half cents an hour. During the Councilman Thomas McIntosh, two hostile camps. Negro Democratic Party leader same period, company executives explosion of frustration was On one side are supporters of In the 29th Ward, tried to speak attended by some 300 persons. gorged themselves with 19 per “ Communist inspired.” five striking unions including the to the crowd but youths called Moore arrived, escorted by police, cent increases averaging at least He did even worse. On Wed­ International Brotherhood of him an “Uncle Tom” and shoved with a loudspeaker on which he $15,000 a year. nesday morning, he was scheduled Bookbinders, International Print­ him. He made a quick exit in played rock and roll music in an to appear in court as the lawyer attempt to drown out the meeting. ing Pressmen and Assistants Un­ a police car. for Sandy Smith, a member of the He demand that the people dis­ ion, International Typographical Twenty-two Negroes were ar­ Equal Justice Committee who was perse, saying: “These are nothing Union, and the International Asso­ Japanese Peace Leader rested. The oldest was a 30-year- to be tried on an 18-month-old but a bunch of communist agita­ ciation of Machinists. old woman and the rest ranged in charge of “inciting to riot.” The tors.” On the other side are company On Speaking Tour of U.S. age from 12 to 19. charge was that Smith had vigor­ scabs hired by Kingsport Press, The next day, the killer was The audience, however, refused ously protested the arrest by white Inc., one of the countries largest suspended from all duty, pending to disperse. Young people began cops of an allegedly drunk Negro. book manufacturers, which is at­ an investigation, but his salary dancing in the street to the music. Instead of defending Smith, Moore tempting to break the union after was continued. In other words, They called to Moore: “We’ll withdrew as Smith’s attorney and what the company cynically called they gave that killer a vacation dance to your music, and then accused Smith of being a “Com­ we’re gonna take care of you.” 30 years o f labor peace. w ith pay. munist” because he belonged to When the 1,600 union men went At this point, those elements in Moore was finally surrounded by the Equal Rights Committee. on strike last March for higher the Negro leadership dubbed by youths, and the police escorted Moore also told the judge that wages the company hired scabs to the white power structure as “re­ him quickly away. He did not Smith “and several other men” take their jobs. Now, after pro­ sponsible” said they were satisfied attempt to break up the following had “created” the Monday night duction has been partially re­ that something was being done. meetings, which were also well riot. stored, the company has an­ NAACP-head Moore made the attended, with people on the roofs, Shocked Observers and hanging out of windows. nounced that if and when a set­ meaningless gesture of asking for tlement is reached with the un­ an FBI investigation of the killing, This outrageous action by Moore Following the Friday night meeting 200 persons marched to ions, the scabs it hired w ill keep but resumed campaigning for shocked observers. Commented the jobs of striking workers. Mayor Tate’s re-election. He also one: “I don’t know if this viola- the local police station to present a letter demanding an indictment The unions involved have in­ parroted the lies of the white lates the legal definition of itiated a boycott of company prod­ ethical conduct of a lawyer, but of Philyaw’s killer. power structure and claimed that ucts. These include: Great Books I certainly wouldn’t trust any At the Saturday meeting his­ the Equal Justice Committee was Series of the Encyclopedia Britan- “Communist” and that Monday’s lawyer who behaves like that.” torian Playthall Benjamin, who lectures on Negro history on the nica, World Book Encyclopedia, That night, a United Front of Childcraft Series Encyclopedia, militant Negro organizations was radio, blasted Moore for red-bait­ ing. “After this murder,” Play­ and the Book of Knowledge An­ Prof. Kaoru Yasui formed calling for a boycott of the nual. elections and for the indictment thall said, “it is better to be red Weekly Calendar * * * of the killer on first-degree mur­ than dead.” Japan’s leading proponent of der charges. Included in the United Speaking for the Pennsylvania 15.1 per cent of this country’s nuclear disarmament, Professor Kaoru Yasui, will make a ten- CHICAGO Front are: the Committee for Committee for a Freedom Now teen-age work force is unem­ Party, Leroy McRae declared: “We day peace tour in the United The Uses of Force in the Negro Lib­ Equal Justice, RAM, the Pennsyl­ ployed, a slight increase over Oct­ vania Committee for a Freedom need candidates who w ill take a ober despite the fact that schools States this month. He will be eration Movement. Speaker, Sterling greeted on his first visit here by Stuckey, Chairman, Amistad Society — Now Party, the Philadelphia Free­ stand in favor of Negro people and universities were in full swing Committee on Negro History and Cul­ dom Fighters, the African Nation­ protecting themselves in the face last month. This compares with a national welcoming committee ture. Fri., Nov. 15, 8 p.m. Debs Hall, alist Party, and the Freedom Com­ of police brutality.” 5.4 per cent for women and 4.9 headed by Dr. Linus Pauling, Room 210, 302 South Canal. Ausp. Fri­ winner of the 1962 Nobel Peace mittee for Liberty and Justice. Plan Self-defense for male workers. day Night Socialist Forum. These organization are composed Conservative U.S. Labor De­ Price, and Mrs. Cyrus S. Eaton of Juanita Stewart, of the Equal • in good measure of young people partment figures place unemploy­ Cleveland. who are in the forefront of rising Rights Committee described cases ment at 3.4 million, nearly 6 per Professor Yasui, who is dean DETROIT in which Negro women had been Negro radicalism. cent of the labor force. Organ­ of the Law School and a member Liberals, Radicals and the Freedom assaulted by police. “If nothing Now Party, Speaker, Daniel Rosenshine, The United Front organized a ized labor sources, however, claim of the Board of Governors of else,” she said, “ we can assure you chairman, Detroit Young Socialist Al­ series of street meetings in, the there are more than five million Hosei University in Tokyo, liance. Fri., Nov. 15, 8 p.m. Debs Hall, area on Thursday, Friday and Sat­ that black women are going to unemployed. founded the Japan Council Against defend themselves against rape by 3737 Woodward. Ausp. Friday Night urday night. An attempt was made Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs cops.” * * * Socialist Forum. by NAACP head Moore to break (Gensuikyo) and was chairman • up Thursday’s meeting, which was Max Stanford of RAM said: “I Sing along with machines, is one of the international peace con­ MINNEAPOLIS supported Moore at 31st and Dol­ way of describing a new speedup ference held in Hiroshima this past HARO LD REAPE, facing life in a phin [where the NAACP led gimmick introduced by factory August. His ten-day tour, from North Carolina jail on charges trumped picketing to win jobs for Negro owners in Middlesbrough, Eng­ November 17 to 26, is under the up by racists, speaks on THE TRUTH construction workers] and I’ll land. Woman workers making auspices of the National Guardian. ABOUT THE MONROE "KIDNAP' Yours for the Asking support any black man who is sweaters and lingerie are being Professor Yasui’s itinerary in­ CASE. Fri., Nov. 15, 8:30 p.m. 704 Hen­ leading my people a step toward encouraged to sing as they sew. For books and pamphlets on Cuba, cludes: H onolulu, Sat. Nov. 16; nepin Ave., Hall 240. Contrib. 75 cents freedom. If Cecil Moore is for this “The choral work,” according to San Francisco, Sun. Nov. 17; Los (students, 50c). Ausp. Friday Night So­ the Freedom Now struggle, the labor fight, let him join us in the street. one plant manager, “has increased Angeles, Tues. Nov. 19; Chicago, cialist Forum. • movement, socialist theory, send for If he’s against it, let him get the output and shows the ladies that Wed. Nov. 20; Cleveland, Thurs. hell out of the way.” spending the day in a factory can a free copy of our catalogue. Nov. 21; D etroit, F ri., Nov. 22; NEW YORK Hank Moss, vice president of be fun.” Philadelphia, Sat. Nov. 23; Wash­ REPORT ON CUBA'S ECONOMY by the Equal Justice Committee de­ Meanwhile — A Dallas, Texas, ington, D.C., Sun. Nov. 24, On economist and author James O'Connor, PIONEER PUBLISHERS clared: “Cecil Moore has been dress factory has introduced yoga Nov. 26 Professor Yasui w ill ad­ who spent last summer in Cuba as cor­ given the paintbrush by Tate to exercises for the same reason. respondent for The Nation. Fri., Nov. 15, 116 University Place dress a fifteenth anniversary whitewash this case. B u t P hilyaw During the five-minute afternoon dinner for the National Guardian 8:30 p.m. 116 University Place. Contrib. New York 3, N. Y. $1 (students, 50c). Ausp. M ilitant Labor is the last straw. We’re going to sessions, women workers rh yth m ­ in the Grand Ballroom of the Forum. organize.” ically stretch, tense, then relax Astor Hotel in New York. Monday, November 11, 1963 THE MILITANT Page Three

An Effective Therapy On New York's East Side Hypertension and Predictions Is Poverty Just a Memory? By Ethel Bloch By George Breitman There is a prevailing opinion “Help, please help me.” A woman DETROIT — The rate of hyper­ among the middle and upper who had been inside the place tension (high blood pressure) classes that the tragedies of star­ told me there was no sitting room, among Negroes is more than vation and human neglect have twice as high as among whites in no dining room; that all the in­ vanished from the American scene mates, regardless of their physical this country, and the Negro death — that they are part of our past condition, had to eat at their bed. rate froqi this cause is also more that we left behind in the Thirties. On hot summer days a few than double the white death rate. But if you stroll casually come out and sit on a bench in There was a time when this through the streets of a New York front of the home. They see no was claimed to be “proof” of “in­ slum area you’ll see how wrong trees, no grass, no birds — ju st herent racial difference” and this notion is. You’ll see in a few the slum streets. even, somehow, of “Negro in­ hours the kind of suffering that And almost every day a city feriority.” is unimaginable to people who ambulance comes and takes an But that myth was exploded live in a comfortable, sheltered old person away to die in some long ago. Studies in A frica of world. Yet for every slum dweller crowded ward. Zulus living in rural areas showed such misery is a part of every­ Twice in one week I saw fire they had relatively low blood day life. engulf a whole section of a build­ pressures, while Zulus living in In one day on New York’s lower ing. The fire raged out of control urban areas had blood pressures East Side, I saw three families and we all watched in horror and averaging above those of Amer­ being evicted. In all three cases prayed that there were no people ican whites. there was the usual collection of in the apartment. The firemen had The difference in susceptibility characters associated with this to throw all the furniture out the is not because of race or skin- “civilized” custom; the cop, the window, and in one case chopped color but because of environ­ marshal with the legal papers, and right through the roof to control mental factors, because of the the burly crew whose miserable the fire. conditions under which we live. job it is to actually carry out the “A provocative environment in­ fu rn itu re — chiefly a to m sofa, Still Vacant duces suppressed anger which in a crib, a table and a few wooden This was a couple of months turn raises blood pressure in chairs. They pile this pathetic col­ ago and both places are still some people,” said Dr. John R. lection on the sidewalk and sad- boarded up. Where did these fam­ Caldwell, head of the hyperten­ looking neighbors stand in a circle sion division at Henry Ford Hos­ ilies move to? I know you can’t nearby murmuring to each other. get fire insurance in this neigh­ pital, in a report to a recent RELEASING TENSION. Civil rights demonstrators in New York Michigan Heart Association meet­ borhood, so it’s certain they were Women Beggars left without furniture or a home. ing. gave vent to their anger at racist bloodshed in Birmingham by picketing banquet in honor of President Kennedy. In this same neighborhood, on Tragedies like these don’t just Surprising Figure my walks each day, I meet many affect a small section of our coun­ it will grow wider and deeper Kennedy type — with a reputa­ women beggars. They are dressed try; hundreds of thousands oi In fact, if you stop and think people live this kind of life in about what Negroes have had to and their protest demonstrations tion for knowing “how to handle in rags, speak Yiddish and are bigger and more frequent. And Negroes.” But in two recent TV able to survive only because the all our major cities. Maybe there put up with in this country 24 were more poor people in the hours a day and all the days of whether or not Dr. Caldwell is appearances, he exhibited all the poor, older Jewish people who live right about demonstrations not marks of rising hypertension as in the area feel a deep responsi­ 1930s, but there are still too many their lives — unremitting humilia­ today. Certainly more than there tion and abuse — it is surprising being good for Negroes who al­ he discussed “ ridiculous demands” bility toward them. ready have hypertension, parti­ and “disgraceful . . . disgusting One of these women explained has to be in so rich a country. And that their blood pressure rate is the poor people today should be not higher. cipation in demonstrations will antics” by Negro demonstrators. I to me that push-cart owners save their damaged fruits and vege­ organizing and fighting to better Dr. Caldwell thinks that Negro help to prevent it among the am told that if he had appeared tables for her and that each day their conditions just as they did protest songs “relieve highly majority of Negroes who don’t on color TV, his complexion the baker gives her a roll. From in the 1930s. charged emotions” and “help save have it yet and might get it. Sit- would have shown a decidedly me she usually requests a nickel the majority of Negroes from ting-in is healthier than sitting purple hue. and a Pepsi-Cola. stresses of internalized rage.” He home and stewing. And not only the mayor. I. have Across the street from where says that freedom marches and In the third place, if Negroes heard white workers discussing Harlem Group Operates I live is an old-age home. Its in­ other expressions of the right of don’t get equality, we must con­ Negro demands for jobs in dis­ mates are there to die. Every dissent are “a healthy outlet for sider the effect that their con­ regard of prevailing seniority Own 'freedom Schools' evening I hear groans and cries of tensions which if repressed over tinued struggle for it will have practices, and have seen th e ir ex­ NEW YORK — The Harlem many years would be harmful.” on prejudiced whites (that is, the pressions change from half­ Parents Committee has organized But he hastens to caution that majority of whites). If you have amused disbelief to “internalized a group of “Freedom Schools” to he does not recommend that h y­ noticed their faces in recent rage.” teach the history and culture of pertension patients participate in months, as they watch . Negro So my prediction seems as sound New Racist Stunt: the American Negro. The schools freedom marches, and he says demonstrations and listen to the as Dr. Caldwell’s. Whatever hap­ are open on Saturday’s from 10 demonstrations should not be re­ new Negro demands, you cannot pens to the struggle for equality a.m. to 1 p.m. They are staffed by garded as a way of preventing doubt that their blood pressure in the next 10 years, the high "Insanity" Charge about 30 teachers, most of them is mounting rapidly. Some have high blood pressure, because they blood pressure rates are going to BALTIMORE — A Catonsville, volunteers from the city’s public even displayed signs of apoplexy. are too stimulating. “In order to be “equalized” — either by the Md., judge recently committed two school system. Classes are being have prophylaxis (preventive The mayor of Detroit, for ex­ Negro rate going down, or the CORE demonstrators to a mental held in five churches in East and treatment), we would have to end ample, is a cool article — the white rate going up, or both. hospital, ruling that “second of­ Central Harlem. racial conflict,” he declares. fenders and people who delib­ Mrs. Thelma G. Johnson, of the This leads Dr. Caldwell to a erately violate the law are insane.” Parents Committee, said the pur­ prediction: If Negroes got equal Magistrate Howard L. Muhl, Jr. pose of the schools is “ to teach educational, housing and job Militant Army Gathers Record 828 of the Catonsville police court our children to reclaim and proud­ rights, “and if these things could took this action against David A. ly identify with their history and be given now, I would predict that Smith, 18, and Keith C. Kern, 27, culture, and to teach all people w ithin 10 to 20 years the incidence New Readers in 7 Days; Goal Near on Oct. 21. The two spent one that the heritage and culture of of high blood pressure among By Karolyn Kerry night in a Spring Grove State Hos­ the American Negro is not a bar­ Negroes would be close to that pital observation ward before ren one.” of whites.” W ith one more week to go to given us a big morale boost and their attorney Fred Weisgal ob­ This looks like a safe prediction. reach our goal of adding 5,000 new is helping to engender the kind of tained a w rit of habeas corpus for I would go much farther myself, readers to The Militant subscrip­ spirit needed to carry off the th e ir release. and predict that the gap in Negro- tion list by Nov. 15 — our 35th campaign.” In granting the writ, Judge John white hypertension rates is going Anniversary date — we are happy There still remain a few lag­ E. Raine, Jr., of the Baltimore The First 10 Years Of to narrow considerably in the next to announce a total of 4,626 in ­ gards who seem to be m arking County Circuit Court denounced 10 years, whatever else happens. troductory subs received as of Muhl’s action as “a gross abuse, American Communism time awaiting some propitious In the first place, we can take Nov. 6. a gross perversion of legal pro­ it for granted if Negroes get That leaves us only 397 subs sign from some celestial horoscope. cesses.” Judge Raine added that Report of a Participant equality now, or soon. shy of our target with nine days On the basis of our experience we “ the conclusion is inescapable that In the second place, if Negroes to go. (We originally aimed to get can assert w ith o u t fear of success­ the magistrate acted out of ran­ By James P. Cannon continue to be denied equality, it the 5,000 new readers by Dec. ful contradiction — the time is cor and with express malice.” is certain that their struggle for now! 15!) The past week has estab­ The author is a founder of American lished somewhat of a record—828 C ity Quotas Total Segregated Rink Trotskyism and the only living top new subscribers in seven days. A*t Chicago 1,500 1,320 Smith and Kern had been par­ leader of the early years of the U.S. that rate it is a foregone conclu­ New Y ork 1,000 932 ticipating for several weeks in Communist Party who has not re­ FREEDOM NOW sion that the ranks of our wonder­ D etroit 650 600 demonstrations protesting a segre­ pudiated communism. fu l M ilita n t army w ill go over the Newark 250 310 gated roller rink in Catonsville, a New Stage in the top in fitting commemoration of Twin Cities 300 208 Baltimore suburb. They were both The book contains: our 35th anniversary. Boston 250 155 arrested for the second time on Sketches of Foster, Ruthenberg, Struggle for Speaking of our pace-setters it Oakland/Berkeley 375 121 Oct. 20 as they tried to gain ad­ Browder, Lovestone and others, as is well to pay tribute at this point San Diego 1 0 8 100 mission. Muhl seized on the two- well as of leading figures in the Negro Emancipation to several of our outstanding cam­ Philadelphia 150 106 time arrest as a pretext to help Communist International . paigners. So far as our records M ilwaukee 250 102 out the segregationist rink owner. (Socialist W orkers Party now show, top honors go to com­ Madison 100 100 Demands for Muhl’s removal Essays on the Industrial Workers resolution) rade J.M. of Newark. As of Nov. Los Angeles 500 100 from his post have been addressed of the W orld, Eugene V. Debs and 4, Jack has amassed a total of 196 Cleveland 100 99 to Governor Tawes by Baltimore the socialist movement of his time, 2 5 c e n t s introductory subscriptions. A close Seattle 100 92 County Executive Spiro Agnew, and the effect of the Russian Rev­ runner-up is Carolyn of Chicago Denver 150 50 the Baltimore County League for olution on the U.S. Negro struggle. • with a reported total on Nov. 3 San Francisco 250 41 Human Rights and the Maryland of 128 new subs. A nn A rbor 50 31 Commission on Interracial Prob­ 344 pp. — $6.00 It is good to see Los Angeles Baltim ore 50 23 lems and Relations. PIONEER PUBLISHERS coming through with a spurt that Connecticut 75 9 Demonstrations at Vernon’s Rol­ O rder through: promises a good beginning for St. Louis 116 University Place 15 4 ler Rink are continuing. On Sun­ Pioneer Publishers prospective new readers in sunny General 115 day, Oct. 27, 60 persons picketed New York 3, N . Y. California. They write that the re­ the rink. Eleven were arrested on 116 University Place, N . Y. 3, N . Y. sult of their last mobilization “has Total 6,115 4,626 charges of trespassing. Page Four THE MILITANT Monday, November 11, 1963 ... New Weapons in Freedom Now Arsenal THE MILITANT (Continued from Page 1) Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN present civil rights debate and crisis in Congress. Along with Managing Editor: GEORGE LAVAN Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY Birmingham, they created condi­ Published weekly, except during July and August when published bi-weekly, tions conducive to mass partic­ by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., 116 University PL, New York 3, N.Y. Phone ipation in the march on Wash­ CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year: ington. Canadian, $3.50: foreign. $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials. And it may turn out that their biggest accomplishment was in widening the areas and methods Vol. 27 - No. 40 345 Monday, Novem ber 11, 1963 of struggle for the unemployed. When the next mass unemployed movement appears, it w ill fight Eisenhower's Admission for the 30 hour week (or less) at 40 hours’ pay not only through In The White House Years, the book now being serialized in political action aimed at 30-40 the New York Times, General Dwight D. Eisenhower publicly legislation; not only through confesses for the first time that in 1945 he was convinced that pressure on the unions and col­ dropping the atom bomb on Japan was “completely unnecessary” laboration with the unions to ob­ because Japan was already suing for peace and the bomb was tain 30-40 in contract negotia­ tions; but also, I believe, through “no longer mandatory to save American lives.” demonstrations designed to cause Eisenhower claims he expressed his view to the late Henry shutdowns at the point of produc­ L. Stimson, then Secretary of War, when Stimson informed him tion. NORTHERN CITIES JOIN FIGHT. Growing numbers of Northern of the government’s plans to atom-bomb Japan. Another recent development, civil rights activists have demonstrated in support of the South­ not yet publicized enough, is the Eisenhower’s present effort to disclaim any moral responsi­ ern freedom struggle. Here Chicagoans picket at federal building bility for one of the most hideous crimes in human history should establishment in Detroit of a un­ ion sponsored by the Group on to protest jailing of SNCC voter registration workers. be weighed against the following facts: Advanced Leadership (GOAL), 1) He never made his views public at the time and did not one of the new militant civil there are now 1.5 million Negroes structure and its two-party sys­ even put up a fight for them in top army circles. rights organizations. in the unions, there are another tem are most vulnerable, and it 2) In the very same memoirs, Eisenhower discloses that early Its name is the International 6.5 million Negro workers who has shown how Negroes, a racial would like to be in unions and minority, can upset and alter the in 1952, after he had become president on the promise of ending All Trades Union of the World, and it originated as an answer have the protection and benefits whole political picture in this the war in Korea, he considered using nuclear weapons for all- to frustrations encountered in of unionism. country. out attack on North Korea and Manchuria. trying to get Negroes into the ap­ Is anyone going to argue that For the withdrawal of Negroes But Eisenhower’s statement about Hiroshima and Nagasaki prentice programs jointly run and they must wait until the fat-bot- into a party of their own will, by is one more proof of the real nature of the crime. Both Eisenhower controlled by the skilled trade tomed Meanys and Reuthers get a single stroke, doom the Demo­ and MacArthur, the two top U.S. military commanders in 1945, unions, local businessmen and around to organizing them, and cratic Party, which w ill force the have now confirmed that the atom bombing of Japan wasn’t a boards of education. GOAL says that it is improper or illegitimate labor movement to end its de­ military necessity, since Japan was already defeated and suing it will seek to “break the white for them to organize when, how pendence on the Democrats and monopoly of the building trades and as they can, including fo r peace. move toward independent polit­ unions and organize the unem­ through the IATUW? Or that un­ ical action, which will in turn The bomb was dropped, not to save lives by ending the war ployed.” ion organizing is restricted only mean the end of the present two- faster, but for political reasons. It was a cold-blooded attempt Its organizers say that the to people with white skins? party system, a thaw in the to place the U.S. ruling class in a powerful position for what was IATUW w ill be open to workers What about the millions of frozen political thinking of the already the next point on its agenda — the drive against the Soviet of all trades and races, and that young people entering the labor American people, and the opening Union. it w ill enroll and has already ac­ market every year, most of whom of a new and more fluid political cepted applications from white are white, to whose plight the era. youth who have been discrim­ moss-back union leaders are Crushing Refutation inated against by building trade totally indifferent? And the mil­ The News Managers A ll by the single, simple stroke unions because they are not rela­ lions of unemployed, who the of Negroes forming their own A committee of newsmen who looked into the matter con­ tives of members. But the IATUW Meanys and Reuthers wish would party and running their own can­ is expected to be predominantly ju st go away and not make any cluded Oct. 27 that freedom of information in the government didates in the big-city ghettos Negro and to be Negro-controlled. trouble? is at “the lowest ebb in history.” It is hard to predict the future where segregation has made them Is there some rule that says The worst offenders are the brass hats of the Defense De­ of the IATUW, for much w ill de­ into local majorities! It would be they too must wait until the exist­ partment, according to the Advancement of Freedom of Informa­ pend on the toughness, skill and hard to find a more crushing ing union structure deigns to take tion Committee of Sigma Delta Chi, the journalistic society. The tenacity of its leaders, about refutation of the stupid liberals, notice of them? Or that, for lack which I do not know enough to white and black, who tell Negroes committee singled out Defense Secretary McNamara and his of an official label or sanction make a judgment. But however they must “wait” because “a spokesman Robert Sylvester — the man who justified news “man­ from the bureaucrats, they are it makes out, in Detroit and other minority can’t accomplish any­ agement” as part of “weaponry” — as having created an “oli­ prohibited from organizing unions places where it hopes to organ­ thing by itself.” garchy of control over release of all news emanating from the of their own that will fit their ize, there is not the slightest doubt When I say “a single, simple own needs and differ in many Defense Department.” in my mind that the idea of or­ stroke,” I don’t mean to imply respects from the generally They said the flow of news was being impeded not for ganizing such a union movement that actually forming a Freedom hardened and almost ossified security reasons, but to “quash dissent.” is healthy, timely, progressive Now P arty as a functioning na­ AFL-CIO pattern? In publicizing these facts the committee of journalists has il­ and worthy of widespread sup­ tional entity w ill be either simple luminated a problem of steadily growing seriousness. The pro­ port. Big changes are in the offing. or easy. Here in Michigan, where capitalist bias of the bulk of the newspaper publishers, coupled Members of the heroic Student the Freedom Now Party seems to Congealed Thinking Nonviolent Coordinating Commit­ with the pressure of wealthy advertisers, makes the daily press have made more headway than At first glance, the idea will tee are much more likely candi­ elsewhere, it is being subjected bad enough. Now the growing government practice of news “man­ probably shock many white un­ dates for unionizing Southern to unrestrained misrepresentation, agement” or — to put it more bluntly — censorship, makes it ionists and radicals (and Negro workers than AFL-CIO business abuse and slander. And it can harder than ever for the people to get straight facts about crucial unionists and radicals too). That’s agents whose only concern is that surely expect, as its leaders warn, developments. v because their thinking has become their personal little boats not be to be confronted with all the The protest by the newsmen’s committee is certainly to be somewhat congealed by the pas­ rocked. obstacles, obstruction and perse­ welcomed, but it must be noted that in large measure the gov­ sive and even frozen state of the The IATUW development, cution that the p o litica l bosses ernment couldn’t get away with misinforming the public if most unions, strangling in the grip of therefore, is good for all of us, and those Negroes who stooge for a conservative bureaucracy con­ of the press didn’t go along with the practice. For example, every not just for Negro workers. If them can muster. cerned only with keeping the em­ it succeeds only in cracking some newspaper editor knows that U.S. press briefing officers in Viet­ An example of the lengths to ployed workers docile on the job, of the molds of habit and inertia which they will go is the split nam have been instructed to tell reporters that helicopters downed handcuffed to the Democratic and in liberating patterns of they provoked in the Detroit by guerrillas “crashed,” instead of admitting they were shot down. Party and paying their dues reg­ thought about what is and isn’t Council for Human Rights. The Yet the bulk of the press goes on printing dispatches about heli­ ularly. possible or desirable, it w ill make DCHR had organized a Northern copters “crashing.” By such practices, the big business press aids B ut who says that the unions a badly needed contribution to leadership conference, one of in the deception of the people. w ill always be the way they are, the struggle for a better world. whose purposes was to discuss or that they have to be? The I w ill say less about the move­ political action and to evaluate AFL-CIO is not the last word in ment to form an all-black Free­ the Freedom Now Party. Its unionism, either in structure or dom Now Party, not because it is chairman, Rev. C. L. Franklin, Fund Scoreboard program. If it doesn’t change less im portant b ut because it pressured by local Democrats and radically to meet the automation already has been covered in some egged on by Rev. Martin Luther City Quota Paid Percent crisis of the 1960s, it w ill surely detail in The Militant. W hat King, suddenly ruled the Freedom Chicago $1,300 $ 800 62 be bypassed and replaced by a strikes me is the boldness, daring Now Party discussion out of order General 100 54 54 new kind of labor movement, just and creative ingenuity behind the at the conference, although the Milwaukee 250 132 53 as the AFL-CIO’s predecessors Freedom Now Party conception. DCHR had previously authorized Minneapolis-St. Paul 850 425 50 were replaced when they failed It starts out from and is con­ and announced it. Franklin’s bu­ St. Louis 100 50 50 to meet the w orkers’ needs. cerned primarily with the situa­ reaucratic action may ultimately Connecticut 200 88 44 The Meanys and Reuthers of tion of a racial minority. Recog­ help rather than hurt the Free­ New Y ork 4,300 1,863 43 course w ill attack movements like nizing that the main weakness of dom Now Party, but that is an­ Boston 600 240 40 the IATUW with the cry of “dual the Negro movement is in the other matter; the point is that D etroit 700 251 36 unionism.” They act as if God area of politics, in its political de­ Franklin was willing to risk the San Francisco 650 230 35 personally bestowed on them a pendence on parties that are probable destruction of his own Oakland-Berkeley 600 173 29 charter to dominate the unions basically hostile to the Negro organization rather than have the Cleveland 650 157 24 for all time in the conservative cause, it seeks to u n ify the po­ Freedom Now Party even dis­ Los Angeles 4,300 1,073 24 fashion to which too many work­ litical strength of the Negroes in cussed. ers have become accustomed, and San Diego 300 57 19 a party of their own, controlled But after all, nothing worth that only their type of capitalist- Seattle 500 85 17 by Negroes and responsible to doing has ever been simple or minded unionism is “legitimate.” Denver 100 13 13 Negroes. easy. And the creation of a Free­ Philadelphia 300 38 13 They are in for some surprises But the impact of such a move, dom Now Party, with all the po­ and disappointments. apparently modest, can be like N ew ark 200 22 11 tential for good that it contains, The 1963 resolution of the So­ Allentown 150 00 00 the explosion of an atom bomb. is, like the other creatively and cialist Workers Party (“Freedom With unerring accuracy, it has radically independent moves com­ Now,” Pioneer. Publishers, 32 Totals to Nov. 4 $16,150 $5,751 36 pointed a finger at precisely the ing to the fore in the Negro move­ pp., 25c), points out that while point where the white political ment, certainly worth doing. Monday, November 11, 1963 THE MILITANT Page F iv e

Starnes on Worthy Case Clarence Hamel, Union Builder Committee to Send And Socialist, Dies at 54 Hurricane Relief “ An Orwellian Outrage” [Even though their own rights MINNEAPOLIS — Clarence man and driver by the Red Owl To Cuban People are affected, few professional Hamel, a fighting union man and Wholesale Grocery Co. He was a journalists have spoken out socialist, who helped bring union­ skilled man behind any big truck NEW YORK — Mrs. Linus against the federal persecution of ism to this city in the 1930s, died wheel. Pauling and writer Carleton Beals newsman William Worthy who have initiated an Emergency of a heart attack on Oct. 15. He With his record in the coal faces jail for returning to the U.S. Committee for Disaster Relief to was 54. Clarence had been one of strike already known to hundreds from Cuba without a passport. A those who emerged as leaders of of truck drivers, he quickly be­ Cuba, with offices in New York. notable exception has been The committee reported it has the Teamsters Union during the came an important figure in the Scripps-Howard writer Richard already purchased more than 100 fiercely fought organizing strikes important wholesale grocery sec­ Starnes. The following is a col­ cases of antibiotics and powdered of 1933-34. He was one of the tion of the union, and a leader umn by him that appeared in the milk, for hurricane victims on the members of the Socialist Workers among the stewards of the grow­ Oct. 29 New York World-Tele- Caribbean island. The first ship­ Party and Teamsters Local 544 ing union. gram .] ment arrived in Havana last week. * * * railroaded to prison under the In the next two organizing The committee said it w ill con­ Smith Act at the beginning of drives and strikes of May and The sinister silence over the World War II. July-August, 1934 which changed tinue air transport of priority case o f U nited States vs. W orthy Clarence was bom in a small Minneapolis from an open-shop food and medicine — the only continues. The W orthy case is an farming community near Minnea­ stronghold to a union town, Clar­ items exempted from the U.S. Orwellian outrage. It is a coarse polis and after graduating high ence occupied a number of key embargo on trade with Cuba — attempt by President Kennedy’s school and trades school during posts in the fighting apparatus of while the emergency lasts. The sibling minister of justice to con­ the depth of the depression went the union which was pitted against committee said it has also col­ trol the content of American news­ to work in the coal yards here. the ever-ruthless employers who lected several hundred cases of papers. He was a pioneer of the union­ had the police and deputy sheriffs clothing which it has not yet This is not the first such at­ izing drive of the truck drivers at their beck and call. been licensed to send. Hurricane tempt (and Heaven knows it is Flora cost Cuba more than 1,000 and one of those who learned the Nobody ever thought of Clar­ not likely to be the last), but it value of class-struggle methods lives, tens of towns and half the is the most dreadful and ruinous ence as a fair-weather friend or island’s crops. Thousands were William Worthy when they staged a three-day some-time fighter. He was at his one of which we have any record. left homeless. strike in the coal yards in 1933 best when the chips were down. For the first time in the history that forced the city’s 73 coal-yard He became a socialist during Committee chairman Sidney of the Republic, the government Civil Liberties Union argued his bosses to p u t th e ir signatures on that stormy period of battle and Gluck, a businessman, reported is trying to imprison a reporter for conviction was unconstitutional a contract that virtually doubled later made his contribution to the generous contributions to the what he has written. because: the wages and significantly im­ fight when International Union committee’s work from all parts This is shocking, of course, It sought to enforce banishment, proved the working conditions of President Tobin and Roosevelt of the country. Besides Mr. Gluck, shocking even in the light of the a form of punishment abandoned some 400 workers. joined hands to smash the union. committee officers include Eliz­ sorry record Kennedy Minimus by civilized nations since the time abeth Sutherland, a book editor, has compiled for browbeating and It was only then that the coal For his stand, Clarence was of the Magna Carta; the national as treasurer, and Dr. Louis M iller trying to intimidate reporters workers were “permitted” by the among those victimized under the emergency under which the law as medical director. whose writings reflected the con­ then-reigning union bureaucracy Smith Act for their socialist op­ operates is plainly phony and no viction that perhaps the nation to join local 574 of the Teamsters, position to World War II and he Contributions may be sent to: longer justifiable; and the law is would have survived even if the which at that point had about 75 served his prison term with 17 Emergency Committee for Disaster an unwarranted interference with Kennedys had remained in the members. of his comrades. Relief to Cuba, 41 Union Square the constitutional right of free saloon business. But what is most After the victorious coal strike We salute the memory of that West, New York 3, N. Y. travel. disturbing is the remarkable in­ he was employed as a warehouse­ happy, class-struggle warrior. All these points are unassail­ difference with which most of the able, to be sure. American press (with some nota­ But the ominous horror of the Negro Artists Urge ble and courageous exceptions) W orthy case lies in the fact th a t has met the case. the reporter is under prison sen­ ... Cubans Nab CIA Agents The facts in the W orthy case tence simply because he wrote Gift-Buying Boycott are not disputed: points and raided coastal installa­ news dispatches contrary to the (Continued from Face 1) William Worthy, a Negro re­ tions. Some of these raids had been NEW YORK — A group of Ne­ popular orthodoxy. If his con­ Cuba and while the island was porter for the Baltimore Afro- gro artists and writers have re­ viction stands, 1984 w ill be here. still reeling from the effects of the assumed to have been made from American, was convicted under an iterated a call for a boycott of storm. points outside the U.S. by coun- iniquitous section of the Mc- ter-revolutionaries operating “on gift-buying this Christmas in This raid was carried out by Carran Act that makes it a felony their own.” “But now we have memoriam for the six Negro chil­ motor boats launched from a for an American citizen to re­ Mich. FNP Committee proof,” said Castro, “that they dren murdered in the Birming­ mother ship, the Rex, flying the enter the U.S. from abroad un­ were carried out directly by an ham, Ala., bombing. Nicaraguan flag and lying a few less he has a va lid passport. This Selects State Officers agency of the United States gov­ miles of the Cuban coast. Some Authors James Baldwin, John particular section of the act ernm ent, from a' U.S. base.” O. Killens and Louis Lomax, DETROIT — The Michigan of the small boats were captured (which is a fitting memorial to Committee for a Freedom Now by the Cuban defense forces, and The Nov. 1 New York Times theater artists Ossie Davis and the dismal Senator from Nevada confirmed that a vessel called Rex Ruby Dee, and folk singer Odetta Party has formed a state commit­ the captured men gave a detailed who spawned it) has no effect tee to direct the campaign to se­ description of the mother ship returned to the port of West Palm Gordon signed the most recent unless the U.S. is in a state of Beach Oct. 28, and that two mo­ call, which was released by the cure the nominating petitions ne­ and its operations. This story was national emergency. cessary to secure a place on the told in great detail by Premier tor launches were missing from Association of Artists for Free­ President Truman proclaimed their davits on the ship. An Oct. dom, 15 E. 40th Street, New York state ballot for 1964. Castro, and later by some of the such a condition in 1950, as a con­ The officers are: Rev. Albert captured CIA agents over a TV 31 UPI dispatch said that the port 16, N.Y. sequence of the Korean War. We operations director, J. Sonny In urging the boycott the state­ B. Cleage, Jr., state chairman; La­ program received in Florida, remain in it, although there is Mar Baron, executive secretary; where the men are well known. Jaudon, was asked if the ship be­ ment declares that all Americans no longer any national emergency, longed to the CIA. “It could be,” bear guilt for the Birmingham Ernest Smith, treasurer; Milton Castro revealed that the Rex solely because of the wide addi­ said Jaudon. murders, “not only those who Henry, Oakland County Chair­ operates, not from Central Amer­ tional powers the section gives planted the bomb, but those who man; Gwendelyn Kemp, Wayne ica, or some island, but directly Castro also detailed other at­ the government. condone injustice and segregation County chairman; Charles North- from the U.S. port of West Palm tacks which have occured since Worthy lost his passport (and and thereby give it sanction; those ington, field coordinator; Reginald Beach, and not under some inde­ hurricane Flora hit Cuba. He said with it his right to earn a living who profit from it and those who Wilson, field coordinator. pendent Cuban counter-revolution­ CIA agents had committed two as­ as a foreign correspondent) be­ do not work to eradicate it This committee w ill serve until ary organization, but directly sassinations since the hurricane. cause he offended the State De­ “We are all guilty,” the state­ a founding convention is held. under the CIA. The ship’s captain Five agents involved in these partment by traveling to mainland ment continues, “and who among is Alejandro Bru, a former com­ crimes have been captured, he China in 1957. The State Depart­ declared. us can participate in life as usual, ment claims the right to decide mander in Batista’s navy. The in business as usual, or even ship’s operations are under the Two more agents were arrested which American citizens may go Christmas as usual?” direction of an American identified on Oct. 24, he reported, for bring­ to China and which may not. My MUST READING “For the children too young to as “Captain Wally.” It is he who ing grenades and other explosive passport, for example, is endorsed understand,” the statement adds pays the crew in American dollars. devices into the country. These for travel to China. Worthy’s i two were Ronald Patrick Lee and “we w ill make gifts and toys with passport was not. Castro gave a detailed descrip­ William Davis Wine, both Ca­ our hands fro m boxes and cans This means some nameless bu­ tion of the ship’s activities this nadian citizens who had previous­ and string and love.” reaucrat in the State Department The Road year. The Pinar del Rio mission ly been employed as pilots on has decided newspaper readers was the tenth this year by the commercial airlines flying to may safely read my dispatches Rex. It had previously landed Cuba. from China, but must not read To Revolution agents, some of them disguised as They arrived in Cuba Oct. 24 W o rth y’s. Cuban militia members, at other in a two-engined plane, purported­ The State Department, having ly to discuss a contract for carry­ agreed to permit me to go to In Latin America ing air-mail packages. In their China, refused to permit me to go What's Behind plane, however, were found 18 to North Vietnam. cans of fruit, which when opened I do not admit the right of some BY FIDEL CASTRO The Events in Cuba? by a suspicious customs inspector simpering functionnaire to license contained not fruit, but grenades me to work at my trade, which is For a basic explanation of the so­ and other explosive devices precisely the issue involved in the cial forces behind the headlines, be packed in rubber. W orthy case. Complete text of major policy sure to read this illuminating pam­ Castro displayed one of the cans Lacking a passport, Worthy phlet. and its contents on TV, declar­ went to Cuba. speech delivered on tenth an­ ing: “This is the aid we get from He was readmitted to this niversary of the historic July 26 The Theory the imperialists.” He pointed out country on the strength of a birth that the cans and their contents certificate. Six months later (after attack on Fort Moncada. were very sophisticated devices his left-winging dispatches on Of the which had been mass produced, Cuba had been printed) he was and that this indicates that the indicted for the crime of return­ 50 cents CIA has a vast industry in the ing to the land of his birth. He Cuban Revolution U.S. devoted to such ends. He said was convicted and sentenced to By Joseph Hansen the two Canadians had been re­ three months in prison. An appeal PIONEER PUBLISHERS cruited by U.S. CIA agents, and was argued last week before the 116 University Place 25c had been operating for the CIA U.S. C ourt of Appeals in New New York 3, N. Y. PIONEER PUBLISHERS as individuals without the knowl­ Orleans. edge or involvement of the Ca­ In an amicus curiae brief filed 116 University Place N.Y. 3, N.Y. nadian government. James Baldwin in Worthy’s behalf, the American Page Six THE MILITANT Monday, November 11, 1963 Finds Full Freedom of Religion Imperialists Back Morocco Graham Greene Reports on Cuba To Curb Algerian Revolution By Jay Garnett By George Saunders Graham Greene, the distin­ guished Catholic novelist, has NOV. 5 — While a cease-fire in which they would no doubt lose strongly condemned Bishop Fulton the Algeria-Morocco border dis­ to Algerian nationalization if they Sheen and other members of the pute has been officially agreed openly backed Morocco. But even now, according to U.S. Catholic hierarchy for their upon, sporadic fighting continues. attacks on the Cuban Revolution. M’hammed Yazid, special Algerian Western diplomats have been ex­ On the basis of an extensive visit envoy to the United Nations, to Cuba this past summer, Greene pressing “concern” that the con­ “there is a kind of pressure being refutes the charge that there is no flict might develop into a full- brought by private interests in some quarters of the U.S. admi­ freedom of religion in Cuba. He scale war. Such a war might be nistration. It looks to us like a charges that “the American hier­ a fatal adventure for the reac­ archy is not the voice of the maneuver to turn American opin­ church. It is too often the voice of tionary Moroccan monarchy which ion against us just because we the Cold War.” has little popular support. It might are getting some Russian arms In an article in the London well result in the growth in Mo­ and because some Cuban ships ar­ rived in our country with badly Daily Telegraph of Sept. 22 and rocco of Algeria’s socialist ideo­ published here in the Nov. 2 New needed material. logy. Republic, Greene writes of Cuba: “We have facts. We have “The churches are open; catech­ American, French and Spanish dossiers showing that private ism classes are taking place in financial interests have good rea­ American interests which have Havana fo r 2,000 sm all children; son to be “ concerned” about po­ installed themselves in North A f­ in Santiago there has been a re­ tentially revolutionary struggles rica' are trying to create hostility treat for parents.” in this part of the world. Rich against Algeria.” mineral deposits promising high Freedom in Cuba is not confined Moroccan Threat to religion, he adds. “The huge profits have been the object of a crowd that gathered before the number of international capitalist The danger remains that Moroc­ monument to Marti to hear Cas­ GROWING UP FREE. Since the revolution, Cuban school chil­ promotion schemes in this area, co w ill continue to press the con­ including one that involves the tro’s three-hour speech on July 26 dren are no longer subjected to racist poison. “Segregation is over,” flict in spite of the cease-fire Gulf Oil Corp. agreement. If the struggle begins was not the regimented, hypnot­ reports novelist Graham Greene and everyone enjoys equality. to threaten imperialist interests, ized crowd that used to greet Key Town Hitler . . . Nor was the speech they can be expected to rally lunch on the terrace and the new a novelist of world reputation, For example, the area near powerful forces behind the Moroc­ an exercise in empty rhetoric...” schools of music, ballet, folk- Alejo Carpentier.” The enthusiasm and resourceful Tindouf — a key town in the can monarchy. dancing and of the plastic arts Greene believes that Cuba southwest corner of Algeria Meanwhile, within Algeria the spirit of the revolutionary Cubans rise among the soft, green slopes, are captured in Greene’s descrip­ proves “there is no inherent op­ which Morocco claims — contains pace of nationalizations has once a golf course . . . Each school position between Marxist econ­ some of the richest iron ore de­ stepped up, mass support for the tion of how to find a taxi in has a roof like a kraal, little lanes Havana today: omics and Catholicism” and cites posits in the world. A French- revolutionary orientation of the wind intricately from one school Castro’s speech condemning the Spanish financial group is collab­ Ben Bella regime continues to “Your best bet is to find a taxi to another, fountains unexpected­ that has broken down and then omission of religious lines from orating with the Moroccan gov­ grow, and the counter-revolution­ ly play, every vista at every turn the testament of revolutionary stay beside it. As there are no ernment in plains to exploit the ary uprising in the Kabylie has is different. leader Jose Antonio Echevarria: spare parts at the garages it will Tindouf deposits. The ore would be virtually collapsed. A decisive sec­ “ Can we be so cowardly, so men­ be mended somehow, in time, and “It is like a village hidden shipped to sea coast ports in the tion of the leaders of the Kabylie tally crippled, that we have the your patience w ill be rewarded. among the hills and it reminds Spanish-controlled territory Rio uprising, headed by Mohand ou el moral poverty to suppress three The driver borrows a knife . . . the visitor that Cuba is African de Oro, just west of Algerian Hadj, have split from the rest and lines? What kind of concept is Somehow he has procured, too, as much as it is Spanish, and that Sahara. The fascist government of sought to make peace with the this of history? Can such coward­ the sole of an old shoe. He cuts the African has at last been Spain has declared its support of government and to take part in and carves and stamps a hole and freed.” ice be called ‘the dialectical con­ Morocco’s border claims. the armed defense of Algeria. cept of history’? Can such a man­ presently the spare part is fin­ Not unlike Jean-Paul Sartre, Near Tindouf is another im­ In Morocco, on the other hand, ner of thinking be called Marx­ ished. His cheerfulness is unabated who found his Existentialist Man mense iron ore deposit owned by opposition to King Hassan has ism?” ’ — it is impossible not to love this in Fidel Castro, Greene sees in MIFERMA, an international trust sharpened since he attacked A l­ (The speech is available in Eng­ country.” Fidel the conscience of the Rev­ controlled by the Rothschild fi­ geria. Last July, Hassan organized lish, under the title, “The Revolu­ Greene also points the finger olution. “ In a ll Castro’s speeches nancial empire. The Rothschilds a witch-hunt to smash the left- tion Must Be a School of Unfet­ of shame at the U.S. for the effect there is a sense of a man th in kin g were instrumental in creating the wing opposition party (UNFP), tered Thought,” for 15 cents from of its blockade on the economy aloud. He explains his course of puppet state of Mauritania in the trade unions, and the student Pioneer Publishers, 116 University of Cuba. He writes that “no So­ action, he admits mistakes, he ex­ West Africa. The railroad for movement. Now Ben Barka, lead­ Place, New York 3, N.Y.) cialist country which I have visited plains difficulties — one has the shipping ore from Fort-Giraud to er of the UNFP in exile, has ap­ has shown such a poverty of con- sense that he respects the in te l­ As a Marxist-Leninist, Fidel the coast passes through M a u ri­ pealed in the best traditions of sumer-goods.” ligence of his audience . . . Castro would most likely not tania. socialist internationalism for the The Havana with which Greene “Castro walks unexpectedly into agree with Greene’s views on Unlike Madrid, Washington and defeat of the Royal Army and the was familiar, the city of his famed the hotels and starts a discussion; Marxism and Catholicism. But he Paris are leery of openly taking victory of the Algerian Revolu­ novel, Our Man in Havana, was he stops at a cafe where foreign would certainly salute Greene’s sides now. U.S. and French cap­ tion. Other opposition leaders the capital of Batista. At this time students are gathered and is in­ honest and courageous reporting ital have a big stake in the vast have joined him in this courage­ “Havana was not a colony of terrogated on Khrushchev’s view of the truth about Cuba. oil installations of Eastern Sahara, ous stand. America — it was a colony of Las of art. ‘Khrushchev is not a man Vegas, and with the departure of of extremes. He is critical of ev­ the gangsters the police have de­ erything, but I have never heard parted too . . . Now you would him criticize himself.’ Lorry-loads have to search a whole morning of small farmers come up from the to find one uniformed policeman.” country to lodge in the great ho­ World Events And, “when you drive out to the tels and discuss the new agricul­ the first three freedom fighters dared criticize the fascist tyranny. Country Club you pass the homes tural policy.” Ceylon Left Says Aid Cuba to be given the death sentence In 1962 Fraga had announced he of millionaires. Washing hangs Greene contends that the arts The Ceylonese United Left Front under the all-embracing “sabot­ would liberalize censorship. from the balconies; the garage have “never been so encouraged has called on the government to age” law. The three victims, Len­ Meanwhile, a group of young doors are open and classes of (Socialist realism is a joke and organize an official Cuba relief nox Makikane, Vexile Felix Jaxa people were jailed in Bilbao, in peasants sit before blackboards.” not a threat); there is small dan­ fund to which collections from the and Mxolosi Damane, were the Asturias region, on charges of “Now the children of the dra­ ger of a Pasternak case w ith the public can be sent, and also to charged with membership in a organizing a demonstration in sup­ matic school are eating a free state publishing house directed by make a contribution itself towards “terrorist underground” which port of the striking miners. relief measures in Cuba. supposedly brought death to seven Socialist Education Fund A letter signed by Dr. N. M. people in the town of Paarl last CP Sains in Vote at Fiat Perera of the Lanka Samasamaja year. In recent shop steward elections Party (Trotskyist), Dr. S. A. Thirteen others were found in the state-run Fiat auto plants Wickremasinghe of the Ceylonese guilty of the same charges. Five in Italy, the Communist-led trade All But Chicago Lagging Communist Party, and Mr. Philip of them received 18-year sen­ union increased its vote from 22.5 Gunawardena, head of the third tences ,and the rest 12 years. per cent last year to 29.5 per By Marvel Scholl grouping in the United Left Front, Fund Director Meanwhile, the South African cent. The Fiat factories employ stated: “You w ill be aware of the Supreme Court threw out, on a some 120,000 workers. Until this W ith this issue of The Militant, following poem: extensive damage done to Cuba technicality, an indictment against vote, pro-Communist sentiment the Socialist Education Fund has The Kennedys, with their Barnett by the recent hurricane. Many Walter Sisulu and Nelson Man­ among Fiat workers had been passed its half-way mark. De­ and Wallace racists-Klan lives have been lost and Cuba’s dela, leaders of the banned A fri­ steadily declining since 1954. cember 15 is the final deadline, Democrats may come and go; economy has been seriously af­ can National Congress, and eight but as of today Chicago is the only Heartless Madam Nhu may have fected by the loss of crop.s, cat­ others. The ten were promptly re­ A Labor Sain in Britain city on schedule. There must be her Birchite admirers at tle, railroads, etc. arrested in the courtroom and face B rita in ’s 65,000 longshoremen something in the air in that Fordham U; “The Government of Cuba has trial on charges of “sabotage,” have won a shorter work week, brought these facts to the atten­ dynamic city that helps the won­ The Capitalists’ Empires may conspiracy to “overthrow the gov­ 40 hours instead of 42, with no tion of all other governments and derful group of young people stay crumble and be no more; ernment,” start a guerrilla war,” cut in pay, to start next July. so far ahead of all the rest. But the Militant Socialist peoples and has appealed for as­ and invite “armed invasion.” We thank L.M. of Pittsburgh educational press rolls on sistance to help them recover frpm More Democratic Now? and on. this natural calamity.” for two recent contributions to "Free Speech" in Spain As several “democratic” West­ General. L.M. is not a young per­ We thank H.M. for both the Philippines Anti-scab Law In a speech publicized through­ ern European nations recognized son, and she is ill with a crippling $15 and his poem. out Spain, Manuel Fraga, Franco’s the new military junta in Santo disease which keeps her pretty To keep that socialist educa­ The Philippine Congress has Information Minister, denounced Domingo, Kennedy was waiting much housebound. B u t she is tional press ’’rolling on and on” passed a law that outlaws the a group of university professors, for “assurances of free elections” young in heart so she understands we ask all our readers and friends hiring of strike breakers and writers and artists who had issued as the pretext fo r doing the same. fully how important money is, to dig deep into their pockets for prohibits soldiers or cops from es­ an open letter to him protesting, Meanwhile, the former Trujillo even in small amounts, for spread­ similar contributions to the Fund. corting scabs into or out of a strike police brutality against striking generals who control the country ing the socialist message in these Send them to 116 University Place, area. coal miners in the Asturias region. have closed down the public times. New York, N.Y. 10003, and we Fraga strongly suggested that the schools, banned all rallies, gather­ Another regular contributor w ill keep our part of the bargain S. Africa Racists Murder 3 minimum freedom of expression ings or parades, and established whose donation has been credit­ to keep the presses rolling. The racist regime of South A f­ now permitted intellectuals would severe penalties for acts of “ter­ ed to New York sent along the (See scoreboard, page 4) rica on Nov. 1 legally murdered not be available to those who rorism .” Monday, November 11, 1963 THE MILITANT Page Seven letters from our readers

III. W elfare 'Frivolities' when relief checks were cut off majority of the people of South country will not thwart all the fo r the Privileged ones. Through while the state legislature Africa form a new government good he is trying to do. this long period of time we have Chicago, 111. wrangled over new restrictions on which would guarantee the people B.L. learned of only three great A m er­ Recently 300 top welfare staff the public aid law. The resulting of that country their basic free­ Wants Trotsky's Writings icans to preside and lead our coun­ members from throughout Illinois Republican-Democratic deal set an doms. try — Thomas Jefferson, A b ra ­ San Francisco, Calif. held a meeting in Springfield. aid ceiling which, in the case of I understand that today South ham Lincoln and Franklin D. Harold G. Swank (a good name) large families, puts the food bud­ Africa is detaining people without Please send me a complete lis t Roosevelt — and only the second told the meeting there must be get down below 12 cents per meal trial in an attempt to eliminate the of the works of Leon Trotsky. of the three had the courage and new cuts in the already incredibly per family member! Now aid of­ threat of “communism.” I have read everything I could lay the “guts” to fight the rich aristo­ meager welfare dole. my hands on. I find that, upon ficials are proposing new cuts to Under South African law, “com­ crats of the South from seceding Last May, Illin o is ’ 420,000 peo­ extended discussion, I have much from the Union and to ask for and further penalize victims of unem­ munism” can mean almost any­ ple on welfare faced starvation to learn and read. ployment and ill-health. thing that is opposed to the gov­ proclaim the Emancipation Proc­ W.K. Discussing the projected relief ernment’s policy of apartheid, or lamation. cuts, Swank asked the staff, “Are “apartness,” which decrees that Cuba and Venezuela This same Wall Street party, wrongly known by most of our fo u r pairs of shoes a year . . . the country’s 3,250,000 whites must Palo Alto, Calif. necessary for an eight-year-old dormant, blind fellow American be separated racially, physically You have no idea how useful boy?” and geographically from its 12 workers, farmers, students, pro­ The Militant is — especially your fessionals, intellectuals, house­ Mr. Swank also felt there were million Africans, Asians and reporting on Cuba. wives as the Democratic and Re­ too many extravagances in toiletry mixed-ancestry “coloreds.” W hat a sad commentary (in “James Kutcher's book The allowances. He asked: “Is it nec­ publican parties, is the one which I.H.R. microcosm) that DuBois’ Fidel Case of the Legless Veteran, w hich essary to allow a toothbrush for has brought so much vice, corrup­ Castro is out of print while his was published last month, is be­ each member of a relief family Tribute to Castro tion and misery, with their dirty later work is experiencing a pub­ ginning to attract attention and every six months?” Hollywood, Calif. “business dollars,” to all of Latin- lishing boom. The next three years comment in the daily and labor He is also out to close up. an­ Please enter me for a subscrip­ America and parts of Asia, Africa, press. will be devastating ones in this and even Europe. Also to millions other loophole in the old budget tion to International Socialist Re­ hemisphere, and the Latin Amer­ “ ‘The much argued case of — one that really gives recipients of unfree Americans at home. Kutcher, a Newark resident, is view. Also send me a copy of “The ican focus w ill be much less on Fellow Americans, there is only the opportunity for a fling. He Cuba than Venezuela, where I summed, up in this impressive Road to Revolution in Latin one legal way of getting rid of this told the gathering: “We allow 25 only hope the Spanish experience volum e,’ says the review in the cents a month for each family for America” by Fidel Castro and two odious, anti-people Wall Street is not repeated in a more ruth­ party once and for all, and it is Oct. 29 Newark Evening News church contributions!” This, he in­ copies of the Oct. 14 M ilita n t. less form . by voting Socialist. Let’s get rid of dicated, has got to cease. Check is enclosed. J.C. “Reporting how Kutcher was Health care, the meeting in­ all those so called representatives fired from his job with the Vet­ dicated, has also been too good I would also like to have a list Vote Socialist of the people, of that old order of erans Administration in 1948 be­ for relief recipients. Swank pro­ of Fidel Castro’s talks or writings New York, N.Y. the money-lovers, war-mongers O f cause he belonged to the Socialist poses establishing a predetermined and other material which you Since the election of our first W a ll Street who we have seen so Workers Party . . . the News re­ list of 300 drugs rather than the might have on Castro and Cuba. president, George Washington, to many, many times delaying, or view notes: ‘No actual act of dis­ 1,600 or more now prescribed I think Fidel Castro is the this very date, our system has voting against, or voting for half loyalty was ever alleged against monthly by doctors; prohibiting greatest man since Mahatma been a capitalist, imperialist, Wall of our rights and needs. him; his discharge was automatic recipients from changing family Ghandi. Both are incorruptible in Street one, and our form of gov­ Let’s vote Socialist from top to and w ith o u t a tria l. doctors; a small deduction from their vision for their people and ernment a government of the bottom and all around. “ ‘Since then Kutcher has been assistance grants when medical their country. I just hope that this Plutocracy, by the Politicians, and J.C. indefatigable in seeking reinstate­ costs are incurred. This, he sug­ ment. He has pleaded his case gested, would reduce “frivolous” before hundreds of organizations use of medical services. all over the country, has won the Maybe someone got the idea that support of many of them, partic­ this might also help to reduce the It Was Reported in the Press ularly here in New Jersey. With number of “frivolous” lives of the help of a defense fund the welfare recipients. Sensible Students — According o f student comment when he as­ What Price Padding — Amer­ case was carried in to court, lost Harold Sievers to a recent public opinion poll, serted that students were using icans over the age of 15 consume at first, then won on appeal. But 56 per cent of high school seniors the right to entertain women in 25 per cent more cigarettes per the VA has refused to reinstate Negroes Set Example believe that the way for labor him.’ ” — Nov. 9, 1953. their rooms “as license for wild capita than they did in 1954 but Kalamazoo, Mich. to get more is not to work harder parties and sexual promiscuity.” still use the same amount of to­ Kindly mail me a copy of “Jack but to reduce corporation profits. Observed a young woman of phil­ bacco as they did then. The rest Scott Takes a Second Look at Transatlantic Relief — We don’t osophical bent at neighboring Cuba,” as listed in The Militant. know if you can dial directly Radcliffe College: “It’s a pretty is filters. It is hoped that the present well known fact that it (sex) goes “The Fair Employment Prac­ fro m the U.S., b u t World Outlook Highly Repellent — The Food Negro situation is the beginning on at every college . . . You find tices Committee . . . was set up offers this helpful bit of informa­ of more things to come. It is re­ a lot of tension and people look and Drug Administration has in June 1941 to carry out the tion from Paris: “If you feel blue gretful that the average white for a release. Some people turn warned householders who have original executive order 8802 for­ and depressed about living in such union member does not have the to their studies, some people turn bidding discrimination in govern­ a ferocious world, you can now purchased “X-33,” a masonry same am bition. He seems to be to sex. Most find a middle ment agencies and war industries get instant relief. Simply ask the water repellent, to turn it in to satisfied even though in hock to telephone operator to d ia l 273636 ground.” his ears. their fire department immediately. for you in Zurich, Switzerland. Cyclists, Beware! — A recent “But the truth of the matter is R.J.S. Authorities said the waterproofer that in the two and a half years You can then listen to a one-min­ le tte r in Cycling and Mopeds, a is highly inflammable and that two of its existence, the FEPC never Robert Williams' Paper ute tape recording on a text from British publication for bicycle en­ took steps to punish government Santa Barbara, Calif. the New Testament prepared al­ thusiasts, warned: “While out people have been killed and eight ternately by Protestant and Ro­ injured from explosions resulting contractors who violated the Pres­ I would like to ask all M ilita n t training recently I tested my­ man Catholic clergymen. This fro m its use. ident’s executive order . . . subscribers and readers to become self over the old OIA course month’s text of ‘Telo-Consolation’ “The reason the FEPC has acquainted with The Crusader — which runs alongside RAF Fin- One Man’s Vision — People who is about loving one another.” failed is . . . that Roosevelt never the monthly newsletter published ningley (a V-Bomber base) for have worked at it consider potato- intended the FEPC to be a weap­ by Robert Williams in exile in Customer Courtesy — We had some distance. Through overes­ picking hard, monotonous work. on in the struggle against dis­ Cuba. never quite realized that the off­ timating my strength I was forced But the manager of a New York crimination. In other words, the I t reprints various speeches of beat flavor in our favorite canned to dismount and lie on the ground state potato farm told the A m er­ FEPC was created to fool the Williams (now in China) and beef stew was machine oil drip­ not far from the camp runaway. ican Agricultural magazine: “Un­ Negro people into thinking the other outstanding persons on the pings from the packing machine Within minutes I was surrounded fortunately, an efficient machine government would act against plight of the Negroes in the until we read that Borden’s is by military policemen and for­ to pick up and grade potatoes on Jim Crow in industry, and in this United States. It also keeps its now offering the food processing cibly carried into camp. Because stony ground has not been in­ way prevent the Negroes from readers abreast of news events industry an edible machine lu­ of my attire — jeans, combat jac­ vented, so we employ about 120 taking the road of independent and other information concerning bricant. ket, and woolen cap — I had been people — migrants from Florida.. masS action. For, when the FEPC mistaken for a CND [Committee the struggle for equality. Freudian Slip? — Senator Keat­ For the most part these people was set up by Roosevelt in June for Nuclear Disarmament] dem­ seem happy and content, singing This bi-monthly publication can ing of New York inserted a lavish 1941, the m ilita n cy of the Negro onstrator and I spent the weekend be obtained by writing to: Mrs. tribute to a broadcasting execu­ at their work.” He also feels New people was at a height and Ran­ in an RAF jail before the mistake York’s going too fast in solving Anne Olsen, 21 Ellis Gardens, tive in the Congressional Record, dolph and other Negro leaders was discovered.” the Negro problem. Toronto 3, Ontario, Canada. A but inadvertently included a press were organizing a march on small donation to help defray agent’s letter proposing the plug. Washington to protest discrimina­ mailing costs is helpful. Maybe Keating wanted his con­ tion against Negroes. Jack Fielding stituents to know it really wasn’t “To keep control of the Demo­ his idea. cratic party in 1944, the year of Urges UN Act in S. Africa SPECIAL 50c INTRODUCTORY OFFER the presidential election, Roose­ Rutland, Vt. Old-Fashioned Discrimination velt needs the votes of the — If nothing else, early white I cannot understand why the To reach the widest audience with our Southern Bourbon bloc. One of residents of New York were un­ United Nations does not send its the ways the grumbling poll-tax abashed in their discriminatory coverage of the Freedom Now Movement agents into the Union of South congressmen are kept in line . . . practices. In 1654 a ride on the we are offering a 4-month introductory Africa to cause the government is by making sure that the FEPC Staten Island ferry cost six cents there to cease depriving most of subscription to The Militant for only 50c has ho real power. — for whites. For Indians it was its citizens of their basic freedoms. “The entire history and record 12 cents. In the event that such police ac­ of the FEPC are all part of the tion was futile, I would think that A Little of Each? — Harvard N am e deception practiced by Roosevelt the United Nations would help a Dean John Monro drew a variety in order to make the Negro masses believe that the govern­ S tre e t Z o n e ment represents and defends their Thought for the Week interests. Just the contrary is true. The liberals and Negro “A dectective Bureau in Hartford, Conn., which serves depart­ C ity S ta te leaders betray the Negro people ment stores, supermarkets and drugstores . . . says shoplifting has increased between 400 and 500 per cent. The bureau’s director believes when they advise them to rely Send to The M ilitant, 116 University Place, on capitalist politicians to win th a t 25 per cent of the people are basically honest, 25 per cent are equality for them.” — Nov. 13, dishonest and the remaining 50 per cent are as honest as circumstances New York 3, N. Y. 1943. demand." — The Nov. 4 Publishers’ Weekly. Page Eight t h e MILITANT Monday, November 11, 1963 Negro Nominees “ Freedom Now” Candidate Press Vote Bid Fights S. F. Press Blackout In Mississippi SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 5 — Sam Jordan, independent Free­ JACKSON, Miss. — Mississip­ dom Now candidate for Mayor of pi’s disenfranchised Negroes were San Francisco wound up his cam­ asked to cast their ballots for two paign with talks at San Francisco candidates Nov. 2-4 in a “Free­ State College and over the radio, dom Vote” campaign. and with personal visits in the The two candidates, state NAA- working class districts of the city. CP head Dr. Aaron Henry and At San Francisco State a crowd Tougaloo College dean Rev. Ed­ of a thousand students heard win King, are asking Mississip- Jordan declare that the news pians to vote for them in mock blackout of his campaign by the polling places in churches, barber press was a conscious policy. It shops and schools. Mississippi’s reflects the worry business and registered voters were asked to labor officialdom feel over the cast write-in ballots for the rise of an independent movement Henry-King slate at regular poll­ of minority and working people, ing places on Election Day. The he declared. Not only the major drive was pressed despite a papers, but the Sun Reporter and declaration by state election of­ the Independent, both supposed to ficials that write-in votes would be journals of the Negro commu­ not be counted unless both Re­ nity, have ignored his campaign. publican and Democratic candi­ BACKING THEIR HUSBANDS. Wives of Kentucky coal miners The People’s World, w hich ex­ dates died before election day. presses the views of the Commu­ on steps of U.S. District Court in Jackson, Ky., waiting while their Henry, who made a speech-a- nist Party, has not printed a line Sam Jo rd a n husbands and five other miners were at arraignment hearing on night tour of the state, said his about the Freedom Now candidate. frame-up federal indictment of “conspiring” to blow up a rail­ campaign was aimed at giving Despite the silence treatment road bridged during a strike. Shown here are Mrs. Berman Gibson Mississippi a real voting choice. accorded him, the major candi­ Negro could aspire to such a posi­ (left), Mrs. Tommy Allen Combs (center), and Mrs. Charles Both Democrats and Republicans dates cannot dismiss Sam Jordan tion as mayor of a great city till had adhered to a strict segrega­ Engle. Mrs. Gibson, wife of the leader of the Hazard, Ky., roving as ju st another hopeless m inor I showed them in action,” he said. tionist line, urging voters to elect pickets, commented: “We are not going to just sit around and candidate. The race situation is far them to insure “keeping Missis­ “I do not intend to let them watch our men get crucified.” Defense attorneys got the arraign­ too tense to ignore a candidate sippi white.” down.” ment postponed until Nov. 7 but meanwhile Berman Gibson and who is running on a Freedom The Henry-King slate has also Now platform. A political com­ Friends of Sam Jordan have nine others were arrested on framed-up “assault” charges. been the beginning of a state­ mentator expressed the fears of been given an opportunity to wide political organization, which the professional politicians. “We speak for him on radio. Asher w ill continue to register voters just don’t know,” he wrote, “how Harar, a longshoreman, was given and educate Negroes politically many votes a Negro candidate for six minutes on station KDIA to after the election. mayor may draw away from the tell “Why white citizens should Ky. Miners’ Leaders Jailed Robert Moses, head of the Stu­ major candidates.” vote for Sam Jordan.” Asher dent Nonviolent Co-ordinating Harar told the radio audience Committee’s Mississippi vote drive Flusters Politicians “Sam Jordan is a Freedom Now On New Frame-Up Charges and campaign manager for the The worry of the politicians has candidate representing the Negro Freedom Vote slate, declared: been reflected in unofficial ap­ rebellion now going on in the proaches to Jordan to withdraw United States . . . The Freedom NOV. 6 — Berman Gibson, lead­ The men were arrested on elec­ “Mississippi’s so-called politics means no politics for thousands of from the race. It was hinted that Now movement represents the er of the year-old roving picket tion day while waiting in line to Negroes across the state.” if he withdrew, all his campaign greatest force for change, for pro­ movement in the southeastern vote. They had been supporting Dr. Henry is president of the expenses would be reimbursed, gress for black and white that Kentucky coal fields was arrested Judge Courtney C. Wells for re- Council of Federated Organiza­ and more besides. In rejecting this has arisen in our country since the in Hazard, Ky., yesterday along election. Wells is generally favored tions, and Moses is director. COFO insulting offer Sam Jordan told rise of the CIO. The Freedom with three other pickets. Gibson, by the miners for his past record the emissaries that he would never Now movement is way ahead of Charles Engle and Charles Moore of impartiality when dealing with was organized in Mississippi by withdraw because he could not Labor in the field of politics . . . were charged with armed robbery cases arising from the frequent state and national civil rights groups to coordinate voter activ­ let down his son and other youths Just think what it would mean if and assault with a deadly weapon labor disputes in the area. who are looking up to him. “ These the Freedom Now movement were with intent to kill. A fourth miner, The four men were held on ity. During Reconstruction, Negroes young people never thought a joined together with the Unions.” Harvey West, was charged w ith as­ $5,000 bail each and have ap­ sault. At least five other mine pealed to the Committee for Min­ served as Lieutenant Governors pickets were reported jailed else­ ers, with offices in New York, for of South Carolina, Louisiana and Mississippi. Two Negroes, Blanche where in the area. The alleged help in raising this large sum. New Harlem Rent Strikes Hit crimes were charged to have This is the second such appeal the K. Bruce and Hiram Revels, rep­ taken place nearly a year ago. committee has received in the past resented Mississippi in the U. S. six months. Last June Gibson and Senate. Today, however, only 6.1 Slumlords Where They Feel It seven others were arrested by the per cent of Mississippi’s eligible federal government on trumped-up Negroes are registered to vote. NEW YORK, Nov. 6 — A rent and fundamental changes in the Urges Gov. Rhodes charges of “conspiring” to dyna­ strike movement against poor city’s approach toward slumlords. mite a railroad bridge. housing conditions is developing A t the council’s membership meet­ Gibson charged that the coal Indictment Is Challenged in Harlem. Tenants in the build­ ing Oct. 30, Grey declared: “The Aid Mae Mallory operators enjoy the collusion of ings at 15, 16 and 18 East 117th Democrats think they have us and federal agents, and state and city In Young Socialist Case Street began withholding rents the rats in the bag. We w ill run a Harold Reape, one of the five police in persecuting the picket Nov. 1. The buildings hold about rat for Mayor against Wagner. defendants in the Monroe, N.C., The constitutionality of the In­ movement which is fighting the 15 families each. The strike is We’ll catch rats and dump them on “ kid n a p ” case has appealed to diana Communism Act was chal­ swift spread of scab wages and being led by the Community city hall by the hundreds. We Gov. Rhodes of Ohio to meet with lenged in motions filed Oct. 30 in conditions in the badly depressed Council on Housing which has a don’t and can’t support either him so that he may explain to the Monroe Co. Circuit Court in area. headquarters at 6 E. 117th Street. party.” governor why Mrs. Mae Mallory, Bloomington, Ind. The motions were to quash the indictments Jesse Grey, the Council’s direc­ The Community Council on a fellow defendant, should not be Urges Probe tor, said he expects the organiza­ Housing is the third group to deported from Ohio where she is against officers of the Young So­ cialist Alliance chapter at Indiana tion to have 100 buildings on launch rent strikes in New York presently being held as a fugitive. Today a telegram was sent to City recently. New York Univer­ University. Three students, Ralph strike by Dec. 1. Reape wired the governor that Attorney General Robert F. Ken­ sity CORE is sponsoring a rent if Mrs. Mallory were sent back nedy by Hamish Sinclair, secre­ Levitt, James Bingham, and Tom The Council sponsored a picket Morgan were indicted in July un­ line of some 200 persons at New strike in six tenements from 203 she could not expect a fair trial tary of the Committee for Miners, to 215 Elridge Street, on the Low­ at the hands of the racist author­ using a probe of the latest arrests. der the state law for allegedly ad­ York’s city hall Oct. 28 where vocating the overthrow of the In­ tenants carried placards with er East Side. The Harlem Action ities in Monroe. Sinclair wired: “The arrest of Group began the first rent strike The framed-up kidnap charge Berman Gibson and at least nine diana and U.S. governments on building addresses and complaints two occasions. Conviction entails listed on them. The complaints this summer on 8th Ave. neat arose out of a racist attack on other Kentucky coal miners on a 136th St. the Negro community of Monroe charge of armed robbery and as­ up to six years imprisonment. included: rats, roaches, exor­ nearly tw o years ago. Freedom sault during an alleged incident The motions to quash were filed bitant rents for tiny apartments, Riders and local Negro youth had that took place on Nov. 30, 1962 by defense attorneys Leonard B. lack of heat, lack of clean-up and been picketing the local court­ — nearly one year ago — war­ Boudin, of the Emergency Civil lack of repair. Some signs de­ N.Y. Forum Will Hear house to protest Jim Crow and rants investigation by your depart­ Liberties Committee, and Daniel manded sober caretakers. (New O’Connor on Cuba Trip a white mob threatened to descend ment. The apparent political na­ T. Taylor III of Louisville, Ky. York slumlords often hire desti­ on the Negro section of town. At ture of the arrests is indicated Technical as well as constitutional tute alcoholics at virtually no NEW YORK—Economist James the height of the tension a white by the fact that the charge was arguments were presented. Attor­ wages as building supervisors.) O’Connor, who has made several couple drove into the area, were withheld until the day of an im­ ney Boudin argued on the consti­ The pickets chanted slogans in­ trips to Cuba, most recently last held briefly for their own safety portant election for the miners. tutional question that, on the basis cluding: “Rats Must Go, Roaches summer as a correspondent for at the home of Negro leader Rob­ “The cruel harassment of Gib­ of several precedents, state sedi­ M ust Go, Wagner M ust Go, Jim The Nation, will speak at the ert Williams, and then released son and his supporters because of tion laws are superseded by fed­ Crow Must Go,” and “No Action Militant Labor Forum, Friday, unharmed. their dedication to improving the eral legislation. He also argued Now, No Votes in ’64.” A delega­ Nov. 15, on the state of the Cuban On this pretext the kidnap impoverished conditions of Ken­ that the law and indictments tion met with city officials, but economy. The meeting w ill be held charges were made against W il­ tucky coal miners took place on violate the defendants’ constitu­ Grey reported that all they got at 8:30 p.m. at 116 University liams, who was given political election day, Nov. 5. We urge you tional rights of free speech, asso­ was an offer for a quick inspec­ Place. refuge in Cuba, Harold Reape, investigate in order to determine ciation, assembly and conscience. tion of the buildings. “We have O’Connor, who last taught at Mrs. Mallory, Richard Crowder, if the arrests were in fact in­ Motions to quash were made on been inspected and inspected,” Barnard College and is now w rit­ president of the Youth Action tended to intimidate miners from technical grounds of unclear said Grey, “In fact we are the ing a book, will include in his Committee of Monroe, and John going to the polls.” charges and irregularities in grand most inspected people in the whole talk data on the effects of Hurri­ Lowry, a white Freedom Rider. Contributions to help defend the jury procedure. A motion was also world. But it never means any­ cane Flora on the prospects for Harold Reape is currently mak­ sorely persecuted Kentucky min­ made to suppress evidence il­ thing. I think they just inspect to the Cuban economy in 1964-65. His ing a national tour appealing for ers may be sent to the Commit­ legally obtained by the prosecu­ see if we are still black.” most recent article, “Cuba: Salva­ support to fight this racist in­ tee for Miners, 96 Greenwich tion. A decision on these motions The council is demanding re­ tion in Sugar,” appeared in The justice. Ave,, New York 11, N.Y. should come within the month. dress of the specific grievances, Nation of Oct. 12.