IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIHillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIinillllllllllllllllllllllllllllHlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIrt THE MILITANT Khrushchev’s Ouster Published in the Interests of the Working People — See page 3 —

Vol. 28 - No. 38 Monday, October 26, 1964 P ric e 10c

As the Nov. 3 election draws rights workers in the South flared a vote to end the cold war. It is VOTE SOCIALIST!near it is clearer than ever that to new heights and when the so­ a vote for an end to the arms race. those concerned with social pro­ cial dynamite in the black ghettos It is a vote for full equality. It is gress in this country should vote of the North exploded — Johnson a vote against the witch hunt and for the Socialist Workers Party and Goldwater display their basic for civil liberties. It is a vote for ticket of Clifton DeBerry for similarity. Both agree the prob­ U.S. friendship with the Soviet President and Edward Shaw for lem of the Northern ghettos should Union, China, Cuba. It is a vote Vice President. be met by repression. And both of support to the colonial revolu­ On every key issue in this cam­ pledge full support to “local po­ tion. It is a vote for social pro­ paign the Republican Goldwater lice officials” in the South. gress. In addition, it is a vote for and the Democrat Johnson have Goldwater opposes Medicare the great liberating ideal of so­ proven, despite their verbal ex­ and says he is for a raise in So­ cialism, for an end to the exploita­ changes, to have a bi-partisan ap­ cial Security payments, Johnson tion of man by man. If you believe proach. Johnson out-Gold wa­ says he is for Medicare. But in these things, or even in only tered Goldwater on the Vietnam neither Medicare nor the raise in some of them, don’t waste your war when he ordered the bomb­ payments got through Congress. vote on the Democrats & Repub­ ing of North Vietnam following The cynical manner in which John­ licans. Make your vote count. the Gulf of Tonkin “incidents.” son allowed the heavily Democ­ Vote DeBerry-Shaw. Goldwater supported, and egged ratic Congress to adjourn without Johnson on, in this dangerous ad­ passing Medicare is further proof venture. that his principal interest in it is Goldwater accuses the adminis­ stre tch in g it o u t as a cam paign tration of responsibility for U.S. issue as long as he can. The same involvement in Vietnam, but both is true of the popgun “war on Johnson and Goldwater have re­ poverty,” which has been over­ fused to entertain the only pos­ whelmingly a war of words. sible peaceful and honorable solu­ Anti-Communism tion to the Vietnam crisis — with­ Both Johnson and Goldwater drawal of U.S. troops from the South Vietnam civil war. are dedicated to the anti-commu­ Johnson accuses Goldwater of nist crusade which causes the par­ anoiac hysteria on which the ultra­ being more reckless than the Dem­ ocrats on the question of nuclear- right grows. Both candidates are dedicated to the cold war. John­ weapons control, but neither big- business candidate w ill even con­ son has ordered, and Goldwater has supported, the U.S. interven­ sider the idea of scrapping the program of producing more and tion in the Congo — white mer­ more nuclear overkill. cenaries and all. When it comes down to cases on You can’t register opposition to civil rights — as it did during these things by voting for John­ Clifton DeBerry this campaign when white-su- son or Goldwater. Edward Shaw F o r President premacist violence against civil- A vote for DeBerry and Shaw is F o r Vice President

>''iiiiiiiiiiiiiuiti WIND-UPTv Vff1l/Bvr w SOCIALIST W ln b l^ l RALLYi\M bbl SLATEDWbn V L1/ IfvIN !1LNEW VV YORKI \ J m \ m \ iiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiimmiiiiiimmiimimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimmiimiimnmiiiiiiiiiiimiiiimmiiiiimiiimiiiiimmiç SWP Candidates 5 5 On Radio and TV The Socialist Workers nom­ Rights Fighters to Speak for DeBerry | inees presently have sched­ uled the following programs: NEW YORK — Some noted, of Malcolm X, and a representa­ Leadership (GOAL) in Michigan, What It Is and How to Fight It,” m ilitant Negro leaders from both tive of the Muslim Mosque, Inc., and is a Congressional candidate and James Shabazz w ill talk on On Sunday, Oct. 25, Clif­ North and South w ill be heard at of Harlem. Milton Henry is chair­ of the Freedom Now Party in that “Twentieth Century Slaves.” ton DeBerry, Socialist Work­ an election rally here for Clifton man of the Group On Advanced state. For more information on the ers Party candidate for Pres­ DeBerry and Edward Shaw, So­ Candidates DeBerry and Shaw, conference call YU 9-7570 in New ident, will appear on the TV cialist Workers Party candidates winding up their national cam­ Y o rk C ity. program, “Issues and An­ for President and Vice President. paign tours, w ill address the rally, swers,” over the ABC nation­ Slater King, leader of the freedom which w ill be chaired by Richard al television network. Check movement in Albany, Ga., will Garza, SWP candidate for U.S. your local station listing for share the rally platform with M il­ Senator from New York. Other ton Henry and James Shabazz. speakers are Dr. Otto Nathan, the tim e. The rally w ill be held Sat., Oct. economist and executor of Albert On Thursday, Oct. 29, 31, 8:30 p.m. in the G rand B a ll­ Einstein’s estate; Sharon Krebs, from 7 to 9 a.m., DeBerry room of the Woodstock Hotel, 127 one of the young people who went will appear on NBC’s “To­ W. 43rd St. (between Sixth and to Cuba this summer in defiance day” show. Seventh Aves. — off Times of the travel ban; and Peter Ca- S quare). mejo, national secretary of the Also on Thursday, Oct. 29, Slater King is acting president Young Socialist Alliance. at 10 p.m., D eB erry appears of the Albany Movement, which The rally is part of a week-end on WNDT-TV, New York, became world famous in 1962 for conference on independent polit­ Channel 13, show, “The its struggle to win equal rights for ical action organized by Youth for World at 10.” DeBerry and Shaw. The confer­ Negroes in that Georgia city On Sunday, Nov. 1, at 12 through non-violent direct action. ence begins at 8:30 p.m. Friday. noon, Richard Garza, SWP King is also one of nine defendants Oct. 30, at the Woodstock Hotel, in the notorious Albany case, in with a panel on “The Negro Ghet­ nominee for U.S. Senator which the federal government to and Political Action.” During from New York, will appear aided local racists by framing-up the day on Saturday, Youth for on W NBC-TV’s program “Di­ the leaders of the Albany Move­ Johnson, Youth for Goldwater, rect Line,” along with Robert ment. King was sentenced to a and Youth for DeBerry and Shaw Kennedy, Kenneth Keating year and a day. His case is being w ill debate the issue of U.S. inter­ and the other Senatorial can­ appealed. vention in Vietnam'. Farrell Dobbs didates. James Shabazz is a national aide Slater King w ill speak on “Goldwaterism — James Shabazz Page Tw o THE MILITANT M onday, October 26, 1964 200 Hear DeBerry Speak Jack Barnes, Seattle Socialist Candidate At West Coast Youth Parley YSA Leader, Challenges “ Loyalty” Oath BERKELEY — About 200 peo­ B y R. K irk of allegiance to the State of Mis­ ple attended the West Coast Stu­ Boost for DeBerry SEATTLE — Jack Wright, Free­ sissippi, which although it is an dent Conference on Independent Begins Tour dom Socialist Party candidate for illegal and non-republican govern­ Political Action held here Oct. 17. In Algerian Paper state representative, whose filing Some came fro m as fa r as Los ment is nevertheless a political In its Oct. 17 issue, Révo­ for a place on the ballot was re­ Angeles and Seattle to attend the subdivision of the U.S. govern­ lution Africaine, published in jected by the Washington Secre­ lectures and intensive discussions Algeria, discussed the U.S. tary of State because of his refusal m ent. which began at 10:30 in the morn­ to sign a candidate’s loyalty oath, “If I did take such an oath of ing and ended 12 hours later. Re­ presidential elections and will go to the federal district office, I would be subject to in­ creation followed. criticized both Goldwater and court in an attempt to get the oath dictment for perjury. No one can The highlight of the conference Johnson. It described Clifton declared unconstituional. be loyal to the U.S. Constitution was the evening symposium on DeBerry as the first black Attorney Landon Estep, recent­ and to the State of Mississippi at the political roads open to the Ne­ candidate for President and ly associated with the American the same time.” gro struggle at which Clifton De­ cited his position that “John­ Civil Liberties Union’s successful Berry, SWP presidential nominee, Waymon Ware, FSP candidate son is no answer to G old­ challenge of the State Employee’s spoke. DeBerry was on the West for Congress in the Seventh Dis­ water.” It also described Oath, has been retained to initiate Coast leg of his national cam­ trict, signed the oath with the the legal action. The ACLU case, paign tour. Other participants in Malcolm X ’s position on the following protest: arising from the refusal of 60 Uni­ the symposium were W illie Brown, two capitalist candidates’ at­ “I sign only with the under­ versity of Washington professors Democratic Party candidate in titudes toward the Negroes: standing that nothing . . . shall to sign the oath, was finally won California’s 18th Assembly Dis­ that Goldwater wants to keep prevent me from pointing out to in the Supreme Court. trict; Brown’s opponent, Freedom the Negroes in their place; the electorate, while running for Now Party candidate Aaron Chap­ Wright claims that the law re­ federal office, that the people of and Johnson wants to keep quiring a loyalty oath of candi­ man; and Howard Jeter, former them in their place — while many Southern states are totally Democratic Party candidate. dates is unconstitutional because: deprived of a republican form of telling them that they will 1) It violates the people’s right to The conference opened with government by the existence of be treated a little better. a republican form of government, W illiam F. Warde, Marxist writer police states controlled only by and philosopher, speaking on the which requires that the people Klans and Councils and other law­ have an opportunity to vote for less elements and not by the peo­ history of third-party movements church in St. Louis. This was a Jack Barnes in the United States. After lunch, whatever candidates aspire to of­ ple; and that if the people of these step forward for St. Louis, which fice without being “screened” by Steve Roberts, SWP candidate for Jack Barnes, a national leader states should be forced to resort has not held a meeting for a so­ the Secretary of State. U.S. Senator from California, cialist in many years. Shaw also of the Young Socialist Alliance, to revolutionary means to estab­ spoke on “Problems of the U.S. spoke on radio station KATZ is making a nation-wide speaking In Conflict lish a republican form of govern­ Economy.” The conference then while in the city. and organizing tour for the YSA. ment, that I, as a representative broke up into three workshops — His subject is “The Myth of Amer­ 2) It is in conflict with the oath in Congress or as a candidate for DeBerry broke a ban on the ap­ one on the need for independent ican Liberalism” and he w ill be of office to uphold the U.S. Consti­ such an office and a refugee from pearance of “controversial” speak­ political action by Negroes, an­ speaking on major American cam­ tution by requiring the candidate said police states, would consider ers at Los Angeles City College other on Washington’s bi-partisan puses from Boston to San Fran­ to solemnly swear not to advocate it a betrayal of the U.S. Constitu­ Oct. 12 when he spoke before 175 foreign policy, and the third on cisco. to “alter, amend or overthrow” tion to fail to support them.” students. College authorities gave any political subdivision of the independent political action and Barnes, 24, is a m em ber o f the permission to the Student Civil U.S. government by revolution, la b o r. YSA’s leading body, the National Liberties Union to sponsor the force or violence. Executive Committee. He grad­ DeBerry meeting on campus. Tele­ W right claims that this amounts While SWP vice-presidential uated from Carleton College in Nigerian Gov’t vision, radio, and the LACC news­ to a loyalty oath to the State of candidate Edward Shaw was Minnesota in 1961, with a bach­ paper, the C ollegian, interviewed Mississippi. “If I were elected to speaking before a student group e lo r’s degree in economics. In 1960 the SWP presidential candidate public office,” he stated, “ I should at Antioch College, a professor he visited Cuba. The revolution just before the campus meeting. advocate that Congress carry out Jails Unionists sent the following note to the there made a profound impression If the fight the Student Civil its constitutional responsibility to M ilitant workers in Nigeria are meeting: “I have to be in Dayton upon him, and when he returned Liberties Committee put up had guarantee a republican form of being persecuted by the pro- tonight and cannot hear your home he was interested in so­ failed, the Los Angeles Students government to the citizens of Mis­ Western, capitalist government SWP candidate. But please give cialism and the YSA, and joined for DeBerry and Shaw committee sissippi, for instance. there which was rocked by a gen­ this to him, to help him keep so­ the YSA while at Carleton Col­ was prepared to hold a street “This could only be done by eral strike in the first two weeks cialism before the American elec­ lege. torate.” Enclosed was a $10 bill. meeting for DeBerry. Last March, making some drastic alterations in of June. It has launched a witch In addition to Barnes’ tour, Shaw also spoke in a Negro when Bloomington defendant Tom the government of Mississippi, and hunt as its answer to the vast Morgan was denied the right to which w ill extend over the next undoubtedly through the use of working-class upsurge which swept speak at LACC, he drew an au­ six weeks, the YSA has sent two force of some kind, such as the the country. dience of hundreds of students teams of “Trailblazers” into the U.S. army, a people’s militia, or Following the strike, a number at a street m eeting. Midwest and East to sell literature even revolution by the citizens of of people were arrested, including Weekly Calendar and meet students on campuses DeBerry had a good meeting Mississippi. leading trade unionists. Four of away from the larger cities. Armed with 150 students at Grossmont “I could not, therefore, take an the victims were singled out for with hundreds of copies of the College in San Diego, and at San oath of office to uphold the U.S. trial on charges of “sedition.” BOSTON Young Socialist, The M ilitant, and Diego State. Besides his appear­ Constitution after having signed They were: Dr. Victor Leonard EDWARD SHAW, SWP candidate for books and pamphlets on socialism, ances on two local TV stations, a this state candidate’s oath — Allen, of the University of Leeds Vice-President, speaks on Why a Vote the Trailblazers are driving from street meeting in the Negro area which in this instance is an oath in England, who was in Africa fo r Johnson or Goldwater Is a Vote for one college town to the next, addressed by DeBerry was covered collecting materials on the trade- W ar. Thursday, Oct. 29, 8 p.m. Rm. 307, staying over with interested stu­ 295 Huntington Ave. (one block from by CBS. A San Diego Negro news­ union movement; Sidi Khayam dents they meet, selling literature, Mass. A ve.). Contrib. 50c. Ausp. M ili­ paper, the Independent, g ive De­ and Jonas Kiomasekenagh Abam, speaking at impromptu street Boston Militant Forum tant Labor Forum. Berry its banner headline and both trade unionists; and Olushe- meetings, etc. • story Oct. 15, in its coverage of his Hears James Shabazz gun Adebayo, a teacher. CHICAGO talk at the M ilitant Labor Forum. Good Response BOSTON — At the first in a REPORT O N CUBA, by students who “Subversive Means” The East Coast Trailblazers re­ series of regular Friday night visited Cuba this summer, Pieter Clark They were accused of “conspir­ port a good response at the first meeting;, sponsored by the M ili­ and Robert Aps. Fri., Oct. 30, 8 p.m. ing” between March 1 and June Debs Hall, 302 S. Canal St. Ausp. Fri­ campuses they hit. They sold 80 tant Laboi Forum here, James In U.S. 44 Years, 10 of this year to overthrow the day Night Socialist Forum. copies of the Young Socialist at Shabuzz of the Organization for Nigerian federal government by • Brown University, 80 more at the Afro-American Unity, on Oct. 16, addressed an audience o f 100 on “subversive means,” with having LOS ANGELES Ordered Deported University of Rhode Island, and “ the Black Revolt in America.” drawn up “plans” for this pur­ THE TWO AMERICAS — AFFLU­ NEW YORK — Joseph Sher­ 60 at C la rk U. in W orchester, rlis blistering indictment of white pose, and with having certain ENCE & POVERTY IN THE USA. Speak­ man of this city, after 44 years of Mass. So far, they have sold over American society and its bi-par­ “seditious publications” in their er, Steve Roberts, candidate of the residence in the U.S., was ordered 400 Y S ’s and hope to double that California SWP for U.S. Senator. Fri., tisan Jim Crow government drew possession. These included an al­ deported by the Immigration Serv­ figure by election day. O ct. 30, 8:30 p.m., 1702 E. 4th St. Ausp. frequent applause and cheers from leged “program of the Communist ice Sept. 10. Besides the schools mentioned M ilitant Labor Forum. the many young people, black and Party of Nigeria” and “constitu­ above, the East Coast Trailblazers * * * The Immigration Service white, who were present. tion of the Revolutionary Social­ plan to hit Yale, Weslyan, Am­ Theodore Edwards presents a Marxist claimed that Sherman returned to Tracing the history of black ist Party.” herst, U. of Mass., Mt. Holyoke, view of the news in his bi-weekly radio this country without inspection in people in the Western Hemisphere The trial has been dragging on, Smith, Bennington, Haverford, commentary. Tues., Oct. 27, 6:45 p.m. 1938 a fte r he had fo u g h t in Spain from the days of slavery, Shabazz marked by instances of police (repeated O ct. 28, 9 a.m .). KPFK-FM Princeton, and others. on the Loyalist side against pointed out that the American high-handedness and brutality to­ ¡90.7 on your dial). Franco. A fte r 21 years, in 1959, The student newspaper at Ohio Negro had been brutalized and ward the defendants, their ac­ • the Immigration Service instituted State in Columbus carried a front­ dehumanized to the degree that quaintances and defense wit­ MINNEAPOLIS this action, and finally after an­ page banner headline and pictures he was even unaware of his A f­ nesses. Much of the prosecution’s SWP ELECTION RALLY. Speakers: other four year lapse produced on the Midwest Trailblazers, who rican background and cultural case has involved arguments and Everett Luma, SWP candidate for U.S. only one witness, Edward Morrow sold over 110 Y S ’s at that school. Senator; Mike Garza. Fri., O ct. 30, 8:30 heritage. He urged that Afro- evidence relating to the admis­ o f the New York Times, to estab­ Almost the same amount was sold p.m. 704 Hennepin Ave., Hall 240. Ausp. A m erican s lo o k to A fric a as a sibility of a statement made to lish its case. On cross-examination Friday Night Socialist Forum. at Oberlin College in Ohio. source of strength and dignity. In police by Sidi Khayam, which the • “witness” Morrow conceded he In Bowlihg Green, Ohio, they this connection he described Mal­ defense argues “was not volun­ was not “positive” that he saw ran into some tr.ouble with local colm X ’s current visit to Africa to ta ry .” NEW YORK Sherman in Spain and “the pos­ STUDENT CONFERENCE ON INDE­ authorities who either knew no­ establish fraternal ties there be­ In a letter to a friend in Eng­ sibility exists” that he (Morrow) PENDENT POLITICAL ACTION. Speak­ thing about the Bill of Rights or tween American Negroes and the land, Dr. Allen said: “From my ers include: Clifton DeBerry, Farrell was “mistaken.” chose to ignore it. They were independent African nations. own observations and experiences Dobbs, Joanne Grant, Milton Henry, Despite the weakness of the Jus­ arrested for selling political liter­ The next speaker in the current I knew the police were lying, yet Slater King, Prof. Staughton Lynd, Dr. tice Department’s case, the hear­ ature. The American Civil Lib­ series of forums will be Tom the magistrate went out of his O tto Nathan, James Shabazz. From Fri., ing officer ruled that the Immigra­ erties Union has taken the case as Leonard, national campaign di­ way to say that he believed as O ct. 30, at 8:30 p.m. through Sunday, tion Service had presented suffi­ a clear violation of the right of Nov. I, Woodstock Hotel, 127 W. 43rd rector for DeBerry and Shaw. He true the very things I knew were cient proof. The decision is being freedom of speech. St. Ausp. Students for DeBerry and w ill give “A Socialist Analysis of lies.” Allen said there was strong Shaw. appealed, to the Board of Immi­ In addition to schools in Ohio, Goldwater” at the Oct. 23 forum. evidence the judge had accepted a * * * gration Appeals in Washington, the Trailblazers plan to go to Due to unusual circumstances, bribe and received instructions NO MILITANT LABOR FORUM FRI­ D.C. Indiana and Illinois and Michigan. the forum the following week w ill from the government. DAY, OCT. 30. The Sherman Defense Commit­ Both the Midwest and East Coast be held Thursday, Oct. 29, with Allen and his fellow defendants * * * tee is asking for contributions for teams w ill wind up their tours in Edward Shaw, SWP Vice-Presi­ are in need of help. Protests SEE CLIFTON DeBERRY O N TELE­ the defense. Its address is 49 East time for the Midwest and East dential candidate, as the speaker. should be sent to the Nigerian VIS IO N . On The World at 10, Thurs­ day, Oct. 29, at 10 p.m., on Channel 21st St., Rm. 405, N ew Y o rk 10, Coast conferences • on Indepedent The forum meets at 295 Hunting­ High Commissioner, 9 Northum­ 13, WNDT-TV. N.Y. Political Action. ton Ave., Room 307 at 8 p.m. berland Ave., London, W.C.2. Monday, October 26, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Three Socialist Fund Khrushchev’s Ouster, China’s A-Test, Britain’s Election Needs Your By the Editors

proposal —- as it had rejected the Russian ones. In his statements Contributions Khrushchev's Ouster on the Chinese test, President Johnson coupled this rejection w ith Marvel Scholl On Oct. 12 the Soviet Union sent a three-man spaceship some of the most bare-faced hypocrisy in the history of states­ circling the earth. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev spoke to manship. W ith a straight face, Johnson said he was shocked at Fund Drive Director the three spacemen at the beginning of their orbits in a tele­ the Chinese for polluting the atmosphere with fallout. On Sept. 15 the Socialist Work­ vision conversation broadcast to the Soviet people and the entire The U.S. government started atmospheric testing in the first ers, Party launched its Socialist world. When the returned astronauts were brought to Moscow place. It pressed — and continues to press — the nuclear-arms Campaign Fund Drive to raise a minimum of $17,000 by Dec. 15. to be honored, Khrushchev, the country’s top leader, was nowhere race which made testing by other countries inevitable. It is the The first scoreboard appears on only government ever to have used nuclear bombs on human to be seen. His name had vanished from the Soviet newspapers; page 3. his huge portraits were missing from the sides of buildings. Why? beings. And it did that as a grizzly “test” too, since the bombs This is an urgent appeal for For all the Soviet people and the rest of the world knew about were dropped on two cities crowded with men, women and chil­ help. it, they, too, might have been in outer space during the moment­ dren when Japan was already defeated and suing for peace. The money to be raised is ur­ ous event. The U.S. government signed the atmospheric test-ban treaty gently needed both to help fi­ The coincidence of the Soviet spaceflight and the abrupt, only after it had all the data it could use from its own atmospheric nance the presidential election secretive shift of power in the Krem lin dramatically expresses the tests. It has conducted dozens of underground tests since the campaign, and to carry on our profound contradiction in Soviet society. On the one side are the signing of the test-ban treaty and it continues them. It continues every-day-of-the-ycar fight for a basic change in the social system. spectacular achievements of the system of planned economy, and to spread nuclear weapons throughout the world on Polaris sub­ Our election campaigns are an im ­ marines, on the so-called multi-nation-crewed ships, at its bases on the other is the system of political rule by palace-revolution portant part of our educational and hidden intrigue in the top layers of the privileged bureau­ around the world, and on its nuclear-armed fleets which cruise offensive against capitalism, but cracy. the China coast. they are just that — a part, not Just what issues were involved in the ouster of Khrushchev And Johnson — current representative of the government the whole. We are not an electoral and the elevation of Brezhnev and Kosygin, and how the power which has done all that, and which has carried out more than machine active once every few shift took place, is not known to the Soviet people or members 250 atmospheric tests — pretends to be shocked at China which years. We work every day, 52 of the Soviet Communist Party or other Communist parties. Like has carried out one. weeks every year, for as many years as it will take, to bring a them, we must await subsequent revelations to know precisely On top of that, Johnson expresses tender concern for the eco­ socialist America into being. nomic welfare of the Chinese people, declaring it a “tragedy” what it was about and consequently what effects the change w ill A presidential election cam­ have on the Soviet Union, the Communist movement and the that their government expends so much of the country’s resources, paign affords us an opportunity to world. We shall continue to analyze events as they unfold and as needed elsewhere in the economy, on a nuclear program. This from reach thousands of people who information becomes available, but certain underlying factors the government which embargoes China, keeps her out of the would not know of our existence are clear. United Nations, refuses to allow its citizens to sell China surplus otherwise. In previous campaigns The bureaucratic caste ruling the Soviet Union has been un­ wheat or anything else! This from Johnson, who is spending 50 (1948-52-56-60) w e got a great deal able to re-establish the monolithic stability it enjoyed under times as much on war preparations as he proposes for the so- of free radio and TV time under Stalin, who maintained his position by murdering actual and called “war on poverty” in the U.S. the “equal-time” provisions of the Federal Communications Act. potential opponents and mass terrorization of the people. Today This cloud of hypocrisy is intended to conceal the simple fact Every time a major candidate got that the U.S. government continues to reject the most reasonable it stands in ever-sharpening conflict with the development of the any free time, so did we. This Soviet economy, the consciousness of the masses, and the needs and obvious steps toward nuclear disarmament. meant that our message was of the other workers’ states. spread far and wide and the re­ The sudden, conspiratorial power play in Moscow signalizes sponse, in mail and money con­ the need for a return to workers’ democracy in the Soviet Union. The British Labor Victory tributions, was very good. The Soviet people have the right to know why Khrushchev was In the recent election campaign in Great Britain the Labor Conspiracy of Silence dumped, what the issues were, to debate this matter and all Party leadership temporized, watered down its program, and This year, a conspiracy of si­ other important questions — and to have the decisive vote on aimed at winning the “undecided” sectors of the middle class. lence has been imposed on us by them . While this policy resulted in noticeable apathy among the work­ an amalgam of the major parties The bureaucratic methods of Brezhnev and Kosygin — and of ing masses it did not prevent the majority of them — who and the national news media. Khrushchev, Malenkov and Stalin, before them — stand in sharp regard the Labor Party as a socialist party and their party — Ostensibly all candidates, or their contrast to the norms of workers’ democracy of the early Soviet from voting Labor into office. parties, pay for all TV and radio state under Lenin and Trotsky. Then, in the most difficult and time. Thus there is no free time Despite the Labor Party leadership’s short-sighted policy, for us to be “equal” with! dangerous circumstances of civil war, imperialist intervention whose result was to make the margin of victory a slim one, the To date, except for local broad­ and the devastation of years of war, the Soviet people and the Labor Party won the election. As a party of the working people, casts when the candidates are Communist Party members knew the issues confronting their gov­ based on the unions, it has to safeguard the basic interests of the making tour appearances, our na­ ernment, the positions taken by the various sides in the debates, workers and unions. Moreover, it is subject to the direct pres­ tional candidates have not ap­ and were told the truth about what happened. Lenin could be sure of the workers. This is immediately evidenced in the appoint­ peared on a single nation-wide TV or radio hookup. The first time outvoted — and sometimes was — the system of m ajority rule was ment of union leaders to cabinet posts. Throughout the Labor Par­ Clifton DeBerry w ill appear on a enforced. ty’s tenure of office it w ill be subjected to the pressure exerted Thus an outstanding effect of the deposing of Khrushchev is national TV hookup w ill be Oct. by the annual Labor Party conferences in which the constituency to underscore the Soviet people’s need to rid themselves of the 25 when he w ill share the cameras labor parties and the unions are represented. with two other minority candi­ ruling bureaucratic caste — a parasite on the economy and the dates over ABC’s “Issues and An­ usurper of political power from the masses — and to return to the Contrast this with what we are witnessing and about to w it­ ness in this country. U.S. labor is making the greatest political swers” program. Then , on Oct. 29 norms of workers’ democracy set forth by the young Soviet Re­ he w ill be interviewed on NBC’s effort in its history in terms of expenditure of funds and the p u b lic . “Today” program. unanimous efforts of the unions to elect Johnson. Labor leaders The tremendous advances made by the planned economy pro­ It is therefore more important vide the basis for an even higher form of workers’ democracy are boasting of the landslide vote for Johnson which w ill take than ever that we have your help than in the Soviet Union’s difficult early days. Such a rebirth place Nov. 3. Assuming this w ill happen, the question is: What to break this conspiracy of si­ w ill U.S. labor get out of it? The answer is obvious: little or no­ of workers’ democracy would be an incalculable stimulus to the lence. You can do this in two th in g . ways: become an active campaign­ economy and culture and would give a mighty impetus to the The lesson for unionists in this country is equally obvious. It er yourself, acquaint your friends world-wide struggle for socialism. is time for U.S. labor to break with the big-business dominated and shopmates with a socialist Democratic Party and to take a leaf from the book of British alternative to Johnson and Gold- water, and — of equal importance unionists by organizing an American labor party. China's A-Bomb — make as generous a contribu­ W ith China’s Oct. 16 announcement of its successful test and Workers who realize this and those who have enough class tion to the Socialist Campaign its breaking of the monopoly of nuclear weapons previously held instinct to be unable to stomach Johnson or Goldwater still have F u n d as you can. by the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and France, it a socialist alternative to the Democratic and Republican candi­ Please use the coupon below to made the following declaration: “The Chinese Government hereby dates. They can vote on Nov. 3 for Clifton DeBerry and Edward send in your contribution. It w ill form ally proposes to the governments of the world that a summit Shaw, the presidential ticket of the Socialist Workers Party. be an important vote against cap­ conference of all the countries of the world be convened to dis­ italism and a powerful vote fo r socialism . cuss the question of the complete prohibition and thorough de­ struction of nuclear weapons.” This proposal is similar to those which had been repeatedly made by the Soviet Union for a con­ Score Board ference aimed at dismantling nuclear stockpiles. No government which is serious about stopping further pol­ City Quota Paid Percent I Want to Help lution of the atmosphere from nuclear testing, about taking meas­ St. Louis $ 100 $ 65 65 ures to eliminate the proliferation of nuclear weapons, about Chicago 1,500 460 31 The Socialist Fund ending the threat of nuclear destruction, could fail to reply fav­ N ew Y o rk 4,300 1,247 29 C leveland 550 150 27 orably to such a proposal. D e tro it 900 208 27 Enclosed find...... The U.S. government, however, flatly rejected the Chinese D enver 200 52 26 Boston 850 209 25 Minneapolis-St. Paul 1,200 300 25 C onnecticut 200 35 18 Name...... A lle n to w n 150 20 13 THE MILITANT M ilw a u ke e 300 40 13 Street ...... Los Angeles 3,700 288 8 Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN O akla nd -B erkelcy 700 20 3 Managing Editor: GEORGE LA VAN Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY N e w a rk 150 00 00 C ity...... State...... Published weekly, except during July and August when published bi-weekly, P h ila d e lp h ia 200 00 00 by The Militant Publishing Ass’n., 110 University PI., New York 3. N.Y. Phone San Diego 400 00 00 Send to CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year; San Francisco 700 00 00 Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily Seattle 550 00 00 Marvel Scholl represent The Militant's views. These are expressed In editorials. G eneral 350 15 4 116 University Place New York, N .Y . 10003 Vol. 28 - No. 38 345 Monday, October 26, 1964 Totals through Oct. 19 $17,000 $ 3,109 18% Page Four THE MILITANT —

Socialist and Freedom Now Candidates Across the Country

On this page we present a guide for readers who want to vote against the pro-war, anti-Negro Michigan Pennsylvania New Jersey and anti-labor policies of the Re­ In Michigan the Socialist Work­ trict. Davis was originally nom­ The Socialist Workers Party has In New Jersey, in addition tc publicans and Democrats and who two candidates in the state of the presidential ticket, the SWF want to register their votes for ers Party has made a series of inated for State Representative in Pennsylvania in addition to its has nominated Lawrence Stewart peace, Freedom Now and socialism. nominations. the 23rd District but withdrew in presidential ticket. for United States Senator. Listed are the Socialist Work­ Its candidate for Governor is order to support Hugh Cleage, the For United States Senator, the ers Party candidates for state and Frank Lovell. Freedom Now Party nominee. SWP has nominated Morris Cher- national offices who are running tov of Philadelphia. A factory along with DeBerry and Shaw. Evelyn Sell is candidate for Henry Austin is the candidate worker and former merchant sea­ DeBerry and Shaw will appear United States Senator. for U.S. House of Represen­ man, Chertov has long been ac­ on the ballot in Colorado, Iowa, Harriet Talan is candidate for tatives in the 16th District. tive in the union movement. Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Lieutenant Governor. In „the 17th Congressional Dis­ For State Treasurer, the SWP New Jersey, New York, North Robert Fink is the candidate for trict, Leo Bernard is the candidate has nominated W illiam Hathaway, Dakota, Pennsylvania (where the a young man who has been active ballot designation is M ilita n t Attorney General. for U.S. House of Representatives. in the Young Socialist Alliance. Workers Party), Wisconsin, and Jan Garrett is candidate for In addition to withdrawing in Because of legal regulations in Washington (where they have Secretary of State. favor of Hugh Cleage, the Mi­ the state, the Socialist Workers ben nominated by the Freedom In the Second Congressional chigan SWP has endorsed the can­ Party candidates appear on the Socialist Party). District, Peter Signorelli is the didacy of Milton Henry, Freedom Pennsylvania ballot under the de­ Organized write-in campaigns signation, “M ilitant Workers Par­ are being carried on in California, candidate for U.S. House of Rep­ Now Party candidate for Congress ty .” Illinois, Ohio and Massachusetts, resentatives. in the First District. where prohibitive nominating re­ Richard T. Davis is the candi­ The SWP has also endorsed quirements make it virtually im­ date for Congress in the 13th Dis- Henry Cleage, FNP candidate for possible for a minor party to get on the ballot. Where possible in Wayne County Prosecutor. other states, voters are urged to The SWP also voted at its nom­ write in the names of DeBerry inating convention to endorse the and Shaw. FNP candidates for county office, W e also list on this page Negro state representative and state se­ candidates'running against the two nate. major parties in various areas. We believe such candidacies offer vot­ This was in line with an SWP Lawrence Stewart ers the opportunity to register decision not to run any candidate their support for the principle of in any area where the FNP has Negro representation in govern­ candidates on the ballot who stand ment and for a program of polit­ any chance of being elected. ical struggle for Freedom Now. While the SWP, like the FNP Washington is running candidates for Governor In the State of Washington and U.S. Senator, it is not running where DeBerry and Shaw have these candidates in competition New York with the FNP. The SWP feels that been nominated by the Freedom Socialist Party, a coalition of af­ The New York Socialist Workers neither it nor the FNP has any chance of being elected to these filiated and independent socialists, Party has nominated Richard Jack Wright has been nominated Garza for United States Senator. offices this year and that both campaigns arc primarily educa­ for State Representative in the Along with DeBerry and Shaw he 37th District in Seattle. He has tional. With both running, each appears on Row F on the voting not been certified for a ballot machine — “F for Freedom!” gains access to the free radio and television time afforded candi­ place because he has refused to sign the state-required “loyalty” dates, thus giving both the oppor­ tunity to spread their ideas. oath for candidates. He is testing the reactionary requirement in the Frank Lovell courts. Morris Chertov

Richard Garza Richard David Evelyn Sell William Hathaway Jack Wright day, October 26, 1964 Page F ive

Minnesota Colorado The Minnesota SWP has nom­ In addition to DeBerry and Independent Negro Candidates inated Everett E. Luoma for Unit­ Shaw, the Colorado SWP has nom­ ed States Senator. In 1963 Luom a inated Allen Taplin of Denver for was the SWP candidate for mayor U.S. Congressman from the First Seattle of the iron range mining town of District. Taplin has placed spe­ Michigan Hibbing. In the current election cial emphasis on the problems con­ In Washington, the Freedom So­ Michigan is the first state where Ernest C. Smith is the FNP he campaigned extensively to rally fronting Denver’s large Spanish­ cialist Party has nominated Way- candidate for U.S. Senator. support for the recently concluded speaking community and has hit the Freedom Now Party has mon Ware for Congress from the holding action of farmers in the out especially hard against the fielded a state-wide ticket. Former Pontiac City Council­ Seventh District in Seattle. Ware is an independent socialist. area. police brutality in the Spanish For Governor, the FNP has man Milton Henry is candidate for and Negro communities. U.S. House of Representatives in nominated Albert B. Cleage, Jr. the First Congressional District. Nominated with him for Lieuten­ Richard B. Kelly is running for ant Governor is Dr. James Jack­ Congress in the 18th District. son of Muskegon. A focal point of the FNP cam­ Allen Bibb is the candidate for paign is the race for Wayne Coun­ Attorney General. ty Prosecutor. The party’s candi­ date for the office is Henry Cleage, Loy Cohen is running for Sec­ editor of the widely-read, hard­ retary of State. hitting weekly, Illustrated News. Other FNP candidates for coun­ ty office are Oscar Hand for She­ riff; W illiam Armour for Register of Deeds; Louise H ill for County Clerk; Leroy Mitchell for County Treasurer; Samuel Kelly for Drain Commissioner. The FNP also nominated can­ didates for State Representative in the 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 20th and 23rd Districts. The platform adopted by the state convention of the Michigan Allen Taplin Freedom Now Party declares: “The Freedom Now Party is the expression of independent black Waymon Ware Everett Luoma political action and the political arm of the Negro’s struggle for California Freedom Now.” In California, the law requires It also declares that “after 188 Boston that a minority party secure near­ years of political subservience,” In Boston’s Ninth Congressional ly a million signatures to win a the Negro struggle for freedom Wisconsin District, Noel Day is running as ballot place. Unable to meet this and equality “can issue, meaning­ an independent Negro candidate The Wisconsin Socialist Workers prohibitive requirement, the SWP fully, only from our own leader­ for House of Representatives. Party, which won a State Supreme is waging a write-in campaign for ship and candidates.” Sourt victory over efforts of state its national ticket and for Steve slection officials to bar DeBerry Roberts for U.S. Senator. and Shaw for the ballot, has nom­ Rev. Albert Cleage inated Wayne Leverenz for U.S. Senator.

N o e l D a y

Wayne Leverenz Steve Roberts Henry Cleage Milton Henry San Francisco In California’s 18th Assembly District in San Francisco, Aaron Chapman is the write-in candi­ date of the Freedom Now Party.

Aaron Chapman Page Six THE MILITANT Monday, October 26, 1964 DISCUSSION OF A CRITICISM Is It Realistic to Urge Formation of Labor Party?

By William F. Warde of favored workers has its limits. sals from nuclear disarmament to is not new or impossible to en­ The New York printers’ strike last [The following is a discussion of the 30-hour week at 40 hours’ pay visage or achieve. Canada’s labor year showed that they can engage the letter which appears on page must face resistance, hostility and movement recently founded its in vigorous strike action to protect indifference. That does not make 7.] New Democratic Party against the their positions against employer them any less necessary or desir­ Liberals and Conservatives. Many This thoughtful and thought- aggressions. able. of its units are affiliated with provoking letter raises questions The SWP centers its fire upon First, organized labor needs its American internationals. of great importance which cannot the union officials not in order to own political arm to protect its The workers on this side of the be fully explored in a short re­ deny the existence or slur over elementary economic interests. border who are directly dominat­ ply. The four main points made the importance of this substantial The wage-lcvels in major indus­ ed by U.S. big business are not so are these. section of privileged and preju­ tries are more and more regulat­ fundamentally and everlastingly 1) The Socialist Workers party diced white workers. It does so ed, if not actually negotiated, in different that they could not re­ platform does not adequately eval­ because the bureaucrats have the Washington and, as the rail settle­ spond to a comparable call when uate the drastic changes in Amer­ chief responsibility for maintain­ ment and longshore situation dem­ the , time is ripe. Meanwhile, it ican unionism, especially the con- ing the present state of affairs and onstrate, the government interv­ would be short-sighted and shirk­ servatizing of the more privileged refusing to use their power and enes in the most vital disputes be­ ing the job of a socialist or pro­ white workers. 2) The starting authority to change it. tween the corporations and unions. gressive unionist to cease propa­ point for building support for the That’s why labor needs a new Labor’s positions will keep wor­ gandizing for a break with cap­ Negro struggle must be among the set of leaders and a new kind of sening if it remains dependent on italist politics merely because it is impoverished and unemployed leadership. Unfortunately, under capitalist respresentatives. Inde­ not presently popular. whites. 3) The SWP’s call for a present conditions this necessary pendent political organization is * * * labor party is unrealistic and task can be put forward only in the sole effective means of deter­ It can be expected that those should be discarded because the a propaganda way. As most m ili­ ring further anti-labor legislation AFL-CIO hierarchy w ill not break tants know, it is extremely dif­ who are excluded from jobs by and furthering the welfare of un­ automation and other causes w ill with capitalist politics and even ficult, well-nigh impossible, to ion members. the ranks are apathetic to the idea. undertake the simplest steps in create new forms of organization Second, how can a militant, who 4) New organizational forms w ill this direction. and struggle just as the Negro is fed up with things as they are, have to be created to defend the in­ Where are the initiatives for a revolt has done. In fact, both answer the arguments of the pork- terests of the most deprived ele­ change most likely to come from? movements are reflexes against choppers that the unions have no ments of the people. The first moves have already been the same economic evils of the alternative but to hang on to the The .writer’s description of the made by those Negro workers who capitalist system. The members tail of the Democratic donkey? state of the unions today hits the have challenged by direct action and friends of the SWP w ill work Apart from griping and doing no­ mark. The corrupt labor bureau­ their exclusion from the building with any such groups and sup­ thing, the only sensible counter­ port their activities and aims. cracy does find its main base of trades. “A Reader” correctly con­ proposal would be the formation support among the better-paid cludes that the poor and unem­ Justified and effective as they of a labor party. workers with skills and job pro­ ployed whites will be more in­ may be, the direct actions of the tection. These two forces often clined to alignment w ith these and But, it is objected, this seems unemployed will not reduce or gang up against the bottom layers other Freedom Now forces while too “far-out.” So did the demand eliminate the need for political even of their own industries (gar­ the upper-crust workers remain DIFFERENT: Typographical for industrial unionism before the organization and political power to ment, building-tradcs, coal, long­ apathetic or antagonistic. The Union picket during militant middle of the 1930s. This did not combat the authors of their mise­ hold back the most persevering, shore, etc.) leaders of the Negro revolt can 114-day strike against New ry. Those Negro leaders who have far-sighted radicals from plugging As the unions have hardened help this process along if they York papers. A conservative best recognized this have launched work out a program of economic for it in good times or bad until the Freedom Now Party. They into a bureaucratic mold, many craft union, the typos showed privileged workers have taken on and social demands which could they saw its birth following sweep­ have pointed a way, provided a how their mood can change middle-class attitudes and values. serve as a common platform of ing changes in objective condi­ good example for the white work­ However, they have not acquired struggle against the capitalist when their conditions are tions, the attitude of the workers ers to follow. The labor party middle-class status. On the job power structure by both black and threatened. and their relations with the mas­ rooted in the unions and appeal­ they are subjected to the pres­ white members of the working ters of industry. ing to the unemployed and youth sures of capitalist exploitation and class. it cannot count on endorsement It w ill take equally big develop­ would also be a “new form of organization” that could open the are at times obliged to react * * * by the union officialdom or en­ ments to make the demand’ for a against them. As “A Reader” Should the SWP abandon its thusiasm in the ranks? Nowadays new political road urgent, realistic door to a great chapter of political points out, the “ bourgeoisification” call for a labor party just because almost any radically new propo­ and acceptable. However, the idea progress in our land.

The Lesser-Evil Yardstick Johnson vs. Goldwater - How Deep Are the Differences? By George Breitman Voting Unhappily But Emphat­ the different ways they try to mained of democracy in Germany. there is not enough of a difference ically For Johnson, and he says: preserve a corrupt and dying so­ The lesson of Germany is that between Johnson and Goldwater There’s nothing wrong with the “But there is a difference, a basic cial system, can be said to be pre­ fascism cannot be defeated by to justify support of Johnson by theory of the lesser evil. Most of difference, a qualitative differ­ paring the conditions for the supporting capitalist candidates, the opponents of war, racism, eco­ us act in accord with it every day. ence. I know Johnson has many growth of a mass fascist move­ conservative or liberal. It can be nomic insecurity and the other It would be hard to survive if, in faults and is not an ideal candi­ ment and for its coming to power defeated only by organizing the products of capitalism. Because a preference to greater evils, we did date. But he’s not a fascist and when the big capitalists w ill think masses independently of the cap­ vote for Johnson, no matter how not choose or accept lesser evils, Goldwater is. Fascism must be de­ that necessary. italists, with hostility to the cap­ you dress it up with radical verbi­ or what we take to be lesser evils. feated at all costs, and the only While I state that Goldwater is italists, in opposition to the cap­ age, is a vote in favor of the sys­ That’s the rub. The evil that we candidate who can beat Gold­ not a fascist, I am not trying here italists. tem and the administration that may think is lesser sometimes water is Johnson.” to prove it; I don’t have to for If Goldwater is a fascist, elect­ are responsible for perpetuating war, racism and economic inse­ turns out to be as bad as or worse Peering closer at this Johnsonite the purposes of the present dis­ ing Johnson is not the way to de­ than the evil that appears to bo Radical I detect something fa­ cussion. I can, for the sake of feat fascism. Edward Shaw, vice- curity. It is a vote to postpone greater at the moment of choice. radical action to do away with miliar about him. Isn’t he the argument, grant the Johnsonite presidential candidate of the So­ The theory is all right, but it isn’t war, racism and economic insecu­ same fellow who was going around Radical his premise that Gold­ cialist Workers Party, was ab­ rity. It is a vote to keep the op­ always applied properly. And peddling Kennedy as the lesser water is a fascist, and still show solutely justified in pointing out, pressed tagging submissively be­ when it isn’t, the result can be e v il in 1960, and Stevenson as the that the fascism of Goldwater does at a symposium in New York last hind their oppressor. as unpleasant or as disastrous as lesser e v il in 1956? O n ly he d id n ’t not logically justify support of month, that in a period of crisis if we had chosen the apparently base it then on the claim that Johnson. such as G erm an y faced in 1933, Why is it, finally, that in 1964 greater evil. It is not easy to be Johnson might appoint Goldwater the Johnsonite Radicals are re­ Nixon or Eisenhower were fascists. German Lesson sure that there really is a lesser It’s enough to arouse suspicion as Secretary of Defense. If Ger­ duced to the grotesque spectacle of evil in any given situation. about his motives. But of course An indisputable fascist ran for man big business turned to Hitler supporting a candidate who rep­ To avoid undesired results is his argument still needs to be the presidency o f G erm an y in 1932. after previously rejecting him, resents everything that they are not possible all the time, but answered, aside from his motives. His name was Hitler. The man American big business w ill not opposed to (or that they used to sometimes it is. I think more mis­ It rests on the proposition that he sought to replace was the con­ hesitate to turn to Goldwater, or oppose when they became rad­ takes would be prevented if Goldwater is a fascist. I don’t servative incumbent, Hindenburg. to an avowed fascist, when they icals)? Why is it that each Demo­ greater attention were paid to de­ think that’s true. I think this is a A ll the arguments we hear to­ think they need him and his crat they designate as a lesser evil te rm in in g how m uch of a d iffe r ­ case of fascist being used as an day from the Johnsonite Radicals methods. And Johnson would not is more conservative than the ence there is between evils con­ epithet, which may be harmless at were heard then from their Ger­ stand in the way any more than previous one (that is, more of an fronting us. If the difference is one level, but which can do dam­ man cousins, the Hindenburgite Hindenburg did. e v il) ? quite small, if it isn’t at all sign­ age in the long run because the Radicals: Hindenburg had faults, Differences between Goldwater It is because their brand of ificant, why make the choice, why continued use of this term as an but at least he was no fascist, and and Johnson? Of course, but over, lesser.evil politics prevents their assume the responsibility of ac­ epithet results finally in an under­ his election would mean* the de­ tactics and tempo, not over prin- ' followers from embarking on inde­ cepting either, why not reject both estimation of the true menace of feat of fascism; casting a vote for ciple or objective. Both are basical­ pendent political action. It keeps evils? Sometimes a too-ready ac­ fascism when it becomes a clear a radical candidate would be wast­ ly anti-labor and anti-Negro be­ the workers and farmers and Ne­ ceptance of one of the evils can and present danger — something ing it, harmful, etc. cause both are dedicated defend­ groes who listen to them from prevent us from searching for and like what happened when the boy Hindenburg, supported by the ers of capitalism. Goldwater favors breaking with capitalist politics possibly finding an alternative kept crying wolf. Social Democrats and the union a tough stance, while Johnson and creating a party or parties of that might not be evil at all. Used scientifically, to designate movement they led, and by the thinks softsoap can do the job bet­ their own. It paralyzes the poten­ In should not be forgotten that a particular kind of political move­ main body of German capitalism, ter. But both want to keep the tially revolutionary forces from choice is not limited to Johnson ment, the term fascist does not ap­ won the election. It was, as they workers and the Negroes in their taking the initial and indispen­ o r G o ld w a te r in the 1964 election. ply to Goldwater. He is a reac­ said, a famous victory for demo­ place and big business in the sad­ sable step — independent politics We can vote for Clifton DeBerry, tionary, but not all reactionaries cracy and the anti-fascist cause. dle. And both will use force — that can lead to the elimination the Socialist Workers Party can­ are fascists. He is supported by But less than a year later, lesser- against workers and Negroes of all the evils of capitalism. By didate, as an expression of our fascists, and he accepts their sup­ evil Hindenburg appointed great­ whenever and wherever they shutting off the possibility of a desire for a socialist society and/ port, but that doesn’t make him er-evil Hitler chancellor of Ger­ threaten big-business supremacy, movement to the left, it facilitates or as a protest against prevailing a fascist ■— yet. many, and the bloodbath began. just as both w ill go to war if nec­ the steady movement to the right conditions. Or we can refuse to If it is said that Goldwater is In a few months the fascists, util­ essary to preserve big-business in­ of American politics as a whole. vote at all (an inferior way of preparing the ground for fascism, izing the state apparatus put in terests and profits abroad. It could lead, in 1968, to sup­ protesting, because the intention is then I could agree completely. But their hands by the lesser evil, had Is Johnson a lesser evil? In some port of Senator Eastland on the not so clear). so is the conservative Johnson, in crushed all the .working-class or­ respects yes; in other respects he ground — naturally — that he is Up jumps the Radical Who Is his own way. Both of them, in ganizations and whatever re­ is a greater evil. But on the whole a lesser evil than Robert Welch. M onday, October 26, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Seven Letters From O ur Readers

[This column is an open forum own privileged positions at the ex­ remains the question of what role tive and provincial than ever. The for alI viewpoints on subjects of pense of subjugated peoples here the labor movement can be ex­ employed miners — still drawing general interest to our readers. and abroad? About This Letter pected to play in the political life union scale — evidence little in Please keep your letters brief. 2) The Election Program quotes We are waiving our usual of the nation. the way of solidarity with their Where necessary they w ill be the manifesto of the Freedom Now rule that letters be relatively Can anyone seriously expect the laid-off brothers. And the heroic abridged. Writers’ initials w ill be Party: “One hundred years of brief and are printing the AFL-CIO, for example, as present­ struggle of the impoverished min7 used, names being withheld unless waiting for Democratic and Re­ one that appears on this page ly constituted, with its corrupt ers led by Berman Gibson has pro­ authorization is given for use.] publican politicians to correct our in its entirety because we leadership and with a member­ ceeded outside the purview of the grievances is too long. We have to UMW and without any serious as­ feel the questions it raises ship numerically dominated by Criticism of SWP Platform take our freedom; no one will the better paid workers, to come sistance from it. hand it to us. That is why . . . are very important. In essence, new organizational Cleveland, Ohio forward energetically, unite the we call upon all who believe in We have asked William F. forms had to be created in this The Socialist Workers Party oppressed peoples, support the true emancipation to join us in bitter fight for survival. Let those Election Platform is defective, it Warde, a leading spokesman revolutionary aspirations of the forming the Freedom Now Party.” who base their hopes for the fu­ seems to me, in respect to its for the Socialist Workers Negro people, stand against col­ The Election Program then con­ ture of the American working references to the American trade Party, to comment on the onialism and create a proletarian tinues, “Although addressed di­ class on the unions and who are so union movement. The SWP’s form­ criticism of the SWP election party? I, for one, doubt it. But rectly to Negroes, this summons to categorically convinced that their ulations do not reflect the changes perhaps the “ objective conditions” independent political action de­ platform made in this letter. resurgence is inevitable give pause that have taken place over the w ill shake up and transform the scribes an even larger need. It Warde’s comment appears and ponder this experience of the past decades: the stratification of labor movement into a fighting points the way for the whole on page 6. UMW. the working class; the economic class organizations. Perhaps. But working class, for all the victims and social consequences of 25 years which objective conditions? Of course, a savage head-on of capitalist misrule.” (Emphasis of relatively steady employment vast majority of the whites have The most urgent bread-and-but­ reactionary onslaught challenging m in e.) for millions; the institutionaliza­ also been mentally poisoned with ter problem facing the trade-un- the very existence of the unions As a general theoretical propo­ tion of thè unions and their con­ racism. It is asinine to expect ion movement today is automation could provoke a serious reaction sition, no radical can object to the version from the fighting, m ilitant them to recover from their race and the threat of widespread lay­ in the ranks. In such a situation above clause. But theory to be instruments of the working class psychoses without a severe shock offs. The unions are meeting this the labor movement would be com­ meaningful must be rooted in life. particularly in the 1930s to the treatment.” problem with the usual studies, pelled to seek allies in order to To lump the privileged and de­ class-collaborationist organs of to­ Two things should be noted resolutions, meetings with govern­ secure its preservation. Whether pressed sectors of the working day; the domination of the unions about Williams’ comment: First, ment officials and business lead­ such a development is inevitable, class together as one neat whole by a labor aristocracy composed he relates the attitude of most ers — all unrelated to any serious however, is hypothetical. The rul­ for whom the way has been not only of the officialdom but of white workers to their position in or meaningful action. There are ing class may prefer to maintain shown by the Freedom Now a vast number of workers who en­ society and does not give an ex­ some important contractual de­ its alliance with the labor move­ pronouncement is to pose the joy a privileged position and a re­ aggerated emphasis to the labor mands but these w ill have a lim it­ ment, availing itself of labor’s sup­ crucial question of the Negro- lative affluence, however insecure officialdom and their misleader- ed impact. Meanwhile, the usual port for an imperialist foreign labor alliance in almost vacuous i t m ay be. ship; secondly, he distinguishes experience where layoffs have policy. With the Negro revolt terms. By way of contrast, con­ The SWP persistently empha­ between “most white workers” taken place is for the union to maturing into a revolution, it is sider Robert Vernon’s thoughtful sizes the role of the labor official­ who have a vested interest and turn its back on the unemployed questionable whether the ruling and penetrating statement in the dom but obscures the objective those who do not. It is among the member, prefering to orient its class w ill simultaneously wage a A ug. 10, 1964 M ilita n t: conditions which gave birth to and latter group that the best potential policies in favor of the dues-pay- war of extinction with the unions. nurtures that officialdom. There is Still Power lies now for developing allies for ers. At any rate, it remains to be no question today but that the “Independent political power is the Negro struggle. By way of illustration, the re­ seen whether the unions w ill lead leadership of the unions is the still power, no matter which 3) The SWP Election Program cent history of the United Mine a significant democratic mass most corrupt bunch in history. enemy of the black people, John­ further declares, “For these rea­ Workers Union is instructive. movement or whether the masses High paid office-holders, bureau­ son or Goldwater, gets elected. In­ sons the Socialist Workers Party When full-scale depression condi­ w ill be compelled to create new cratic, dictatorial, autocratic, sell­ dependent black political power is supports independent Negro po­ tions enveloped the mining areas organizations to fight for their out artists, phonies, class-collab- the only power that can be count­ litical action of the type manifest­ leaving countless thousands of needs. If the latter, then the orators — the adjectives are all ed on to stand up to the backlash, ed in the call for a Freedom Now miners jobless and hungry, the SWP’s call for an independent too familiar and all too true. But or frontlash, sidelash, uplash, or Party. We urge the formation of time was theoretically ripe for a labor party “based on the unions” this leadership did not suddenly downlash, or any other kind of an independent labor party based resounding reaction by the UMW. w ill lose all significance. As mat­ descend from Mars to seize con­ whiplash that Uncle Sam can in­ on the unions.” The “objective conditions” had ters now stand, the call has a hol­ trol of the labor movement and its flict on black people. For the labor movement to matured and the stage was pro­ low ring especially when juxta­ existence and mode of operation “ A powerful, independent, break finally with capitalist pol­ perly set for a powerful wave of posed to the more meaningful sup­ invite more than invective. ghetto-based movement w ill be of itics would indeed be a much wel­ militancy to be unleashed within port expressed for independent enormous value to black people in comed development. But leaving the union with new fighting lead­ Negro political action. The whole Salient Fact fighting back against the oppres­ aside the fact that there is no ers displacing the UMW’s ruling subject needs a careful review and The salient fact is that the labor sive American Way of Life. Large sentiment for such a move among ju n ta . the Vernon article indicates that aristocracy of yesteryear which numbers of potential white allies the rank and file ■— which cannot But what has been the actual­ the necessary insights are avail­ was prim arily composed of certain among the white poor (Emphasis be ascribed simply to the wrong ity? The conservative bureaucracy able. of the craft unions affiliated with mine.) (in Appalachia, in migrant- policies of the leadership — there remains and it is more conserva- A Reader the old AFL has now been mul­ worker camps, in unemployed tiplied manyfold. Overwhelmingly lines, etc.) and among white youth white, either skilled, semi-skilled w ill be won . . . Such a movement, or even unskilled, workers in auto because it has power and there­ and steel, longshoremen and truck fore commands respect, can un­ It Was Reported in the Press drivers and others have joined the brainwash other layers of the old-line crafts and enjoy an eco­ white workers who arc now rela­ Washington, USA — C om m ent­ off at a giant {ocktail party to can’t have a wall safe at home to­ nomic position in our society far tively more privileged, backward ing on the difficulties of the A l­ celebrate the B u rto n s ’ new day unless they are living in an rem oved fro m the 50 m illio n and conservative, and draw them gerian and other foreign em­ movie . . .” old mansion with thick walls. He Americans who live in poverty. into the struggle to bring about bassies in getting office space in said the walls in new buildings Progress Report — For the first This is not to suggest that the the revolutionary changes that Washington, Robert O. Clouser, the are so thin that the safe would time, public-school teachers in more privileged workers have at­ have to be made in America if city’s Director of Planning, told stick into the next room. Floor South Carolina may teach Dar­ tained prosperity and security or there is to be justice, equality and newsmen: “The Algerians are safes are out too. “Put one on win’s theory of evolution. Until that the class struggle has ended a decent life fo r any w o rkin g - smelly, messy people, unclean in somebody’s floor,” he said, “and now his theory that man and other for them. Life daily asserts it­ class people of any color.” their personal habits.” The State i t comes o u t In som ebody Oise’S animals evolved from more prim i­ self — the fight against speed-up, Department apologized to the Al­ ce ilin g .” Thus, for Vernon, the starting tive forms was taught in the state prosecution of grievances, the gerian Embassy. It said Clouser’s point in building support for the only at the college level. Three Most Likely Survey of the Week endless employer attacks upon the statement did not reflect the views Negro struggle among white work­ public-school textbooks have now — Most Americans don’t mind unions and the more dramatic col­ of the government. ers is not the whole working class been approved which contain ref­ having their mail box cluttered lisions when new contracts are or the unions but the impover­ Suggestion — The rather hard- erence to Darwin’s theory but no with junk mail, and 33 per cent being negotiated. But the fact re­ ished and unemployed whites. pressed U.S. M ilitary Assistance school district is compelled to actually enjoy receiving direct-, mains that a good sector of the Here at least there is a common Command in South Vietnam has use them . mail advertising, asserts a recent­ American working class has been economic foundation upon which set up a question box for sugges­ ly concluded survey. Guess who bourgeoisified and considers it­ an alliance may be built. Housing Problem — A spokes­ tions on how to win the war. An sponsored the survey? Surprising­ self an integral part of “the Consider also the implications of man for the Mosler Safe Com­ officer said some good suggestions ly, the Direct Mail Advertising American system.” The ability of this statement by Robert Williams pany says that even the very rich have been received. “But, of Association. the leadership of the unions to taken from the C rusader: “ The course,” he added somewhat wist­ maintain its positions is rooted fact of the matter is that the Afro- fully, “we don’t expect a sugges­ precisely in this fact. A revolu­ american wants and has been tion that is going to win the war.” tionary proletariat would quickly seeking brotherhood with the We trust some GI had the sense to dispose of them. white masses since his enslave­ drop a simple suggestion in the SPECIAL $1 INTRODUCTORY OFFER How docs the SWP view the ment in the New World. A people box: “Let’s get the hell out of question? Consider a few formula­ as brutally oppressed as American h e re!” To reach the widest audience with our tions from the Election Program: Negroes cannot wait forever for coverage of the Freedom Now Movement 1) “Negroes and Puerto Ricans the support of mythological and Think You’ve Got Troubles? — we are offering a 4-month introductory inspired by the Negro example, Eugenia Sheppard reported in the theoretical allies. Most white subscription to The Militant for $1. ($1.50 are demanding their democratic workers in the U.S.A. today have Oct. 16 New York Herald Tribune: outside of the U.S.) rights in the unions and pressing a vested interest in the status quo. “Elizabeth Taylor has had a lot of for union support of their right The present system grants them tro u b le in P aris. F irs t, her 128 to full equality in employment. special privileges in a jungle so­ pieces of luggage were held up in Name Confronted with a lack of re­ ciety. The cow of production may customs. Then her hairdresser sponse from conservative union be lean and diseased but the Ne­ didn’t turn up as scheduled. She o ffic ia ls they are taking action on gro is the only herdsman limited had to send out for a hat to cover Street Zone their own.” (Emphasis mine). So to the cutlets of feet and tail. The it, and the hat was almost pushed the problem is o n ly w ith the “ o f­ fic ia ls ” ? But what about the C ity ... State masses o f white workers w h o ex­ Thought for the Week press virulent racist sentiments, who fear the competition of Ne­ “Freedom is when you get an education and can have a job, and Send to The Militant, 116 University Place, gro workers in an automated so­ also when black people and white people like each other.” — A n New York 3, N. Y. ciety and who seek to protect their eleven-year-old Harlem school boy’s definition of freedom. Page E ig ht th e MILITANT Monday, October 26, 1964 Johnson Applies Pressure Supreme Court More Rights Workers To Put an End to GM Strike To Review Ban By William Bundy On Cuba T ravel J a ile d in Mississippi As the strike of the United Auto reached a national agreement with The Supreme Court decided on BELZONI, Miss. — A second Workers against the General Mo­ GM on working conditions two Oct. 12 to review a case challeng­ group of civil-rights workers in tors Corporation went into its 25th weeks after the strikes started ing the U.S. ban on travel to Cuba. Mississippi has been charged with day Oct. 19, President Johnson and then left it up to the locals Louis Zemel of Middlefield, “criminal syndicalism.” Four men put on pressure for a settlement. to settle their demands according Conn., sued to have his passport — including two field secretaries In a statement issued at the White to this pattern. The pattern pro­ validated when the State Depart­ of the Atlanta-based Student Non­ House, Johnson said a continua­ vides some gains in working con­ ment refused his application to violent Coordinating Committee tion of the strike “would jeopard­ ditions — chiefly an increase in v is it Cuba as a to u ris t in 1962. (SNCC) — were jailed here Oct. ize the continuous upward thrust time allowed union committeemen A three-judge federal district 15 as they walked down a street of our economy.” to take up workers’ grievances in­ court in Connecticut upheld the in Belzoni’s Negro neighborhood. Actually, the strike has not yet side the plants. (There is one com­ State Department’s power to re­ Held on $1,000 bail each are resulted in significant cutbacks in mitteeman for 250 workers at GM, strict travel in a two-to-one deci­ W illiam Ware, from Minneapolis, steel and other supplying indus­ but committeemen do not have sion. Minn; Robert Bass, Ellis Jackson tries, but it is beginning to take full time for union business at The dissenting judge, J. Joseph and Joe Louis Stigler. Fifteen Ne­ a bite out of GM sales of new GM as they do at Ford and Chrys­ Smith of the Court of Appeals for groes are still behind bars in Mc- 1965-model cars — and hence out ler.) The gains obtained in the the Second Circuit, said that con­ Comb, Miss., on similar charges of GM profits. Johnson’s state­ national GM settlement are small gressional statutes do not author­ since their arrest Sept. 21. The ments lays the basis for federal relative to the problem,, and re­ ize the Secretary of State to re­ “criminal-syndicalism” statute was intervention if the strike con­ portedly many locals — especially strict travel to any area, nor does passed by the state legislature last tinues. those at the 23 plants where cars the government have any inherent spring shortly before the state­ When the strike was called Sept. are assembled and where speed­ rig h t to do so. wide Mississippi Summer Project 25, dealers in GM cars had an up is worst — have been resisting Leonard B. Boudin, the eminent began. estimated two-week supply of new the pattern for local settlemehts. constitutional lawyer, is Zemel’s Donald Harris cars on hand. The fact that the counsel. Strike Prolonged ALBANY, Ga. — A three-judge strike has run long enough to be­ The Supreme Court decision on This has dragged out the strike federal court w ill decide whether charge and was not freed until a gin hitting GM really where it this case w ill set an important pre­ so th a t b y Oct. 19, o n ly 79 o f 130 this city can arrest and prosecute similar three-judge federal panel lives — in the pocketbook — is cedent for a series of cases now in local units had settled. This is declared the ancient law un-con- a surprise to almost all observers, the courts. Professor and Mrs. two civil-rights workers under an not enough to assure national pro­ stitutional. for this is a strike the top union Alan MacEwan have a similar suit 1871 insurrection law twice ruled duction even if the national strike unconstitutional. Testimony was leadership tried to avoid or make for validation of their passports were called off. as sh o rt as possible. for travel to Cuba pending at the heard Oct. 15 in a suit filed by ACCRA, Ghana, W. Africa, Oct. When the strike was called, only Donald Harris, Southwest Geor­ Before the strike was called Circuit Court of Appeals level. 18 — John Lewis, chairman of some 80 p e r cent (250,000) o f gia Project director for SNCC, and Sept. 25, the com pany had a l­ In California, Helen Travis’ $1,000 SNCC and Donald Harris, head of UAW members at GM were called Rev. Samuel Wells of the Albany ready agreed to substantially the fine and six-month suspended sen­ SNCC’s Southwest Georgia Pro­ out. The others were left on the M ovem ent. same economic package for which tence for traveling to Cuba with­ ject are in Accra this week on a job on the theory that they pro­ the union had settled at Chrysler out State Department authoriza­ The suit seeks to enjoin Albany six-week tour of African countries. duced parts not only for GM but and Ford — mainly an improve­ tion, is being appealed at the same and Dougherty County officials They were part of an eleven-per­ for other auto corporations as ment in pensions. But some 17,000 level. from arresting the plaintiffs or son group from SNCC that spent well. But by Oct. 19, 300,000 w ork­ “local” demands remained to be anyone else on insurrection two weeks in Guinea as guests of ers had been idled by the strike dealt with in the union’s 130 bar­ charges or from interfering with President Sekou Touré. as parts piled up and production gaining units at GM across the demonstrations. The suit stems had to be cut. country. Involved in these so-called from Rev. Wells’ arrest on charges PINE BLUFF, Ark. — Three “local” issues is the overriding The union signed a national con­ of “attempting to incite insurrec­ Negro candidates are seeking of­ problem of working conditions — tract with Ford before the GM tion” and “circulating insurrec­ fice in the general election in this chiefly speed-up which is worse strike started. But UAW members tionary material” in connection state Nov. 3. A fo u rth w o n a at. GM assembly plants than at at Ford were forbidden to strike with a racial disturbance here school-board seat in a three-man those of any other auto corpora­ on local issues until after the GM Aug. 15. A warrant was issued race against two white opponents. tio n . strike was settled. Workers at the against Harris at that tune also, James Bagsby and Rev. Benjamin UAW President Walter Rcuther Ford plants in Cleveland — where but police have been unable to 8,000 UAW members are em­ arrest him. He is presently on a Grinage, both of Pine Bluff, and ployed — have defied these orders tour in Africa. William Green of Star City are for the second time since the GM The charge of “attempting to trying for scats in the state House strike began. incite insurrection” against Rev. of Representatives. Arthur A. M il­ Vietnam Regime ler of Pine Bluff beat two white Members of UAW Ford Local Wells was dropped, and he was 1250, w h o had p re vio u sly re tu rn e d released after 13 days in jail on a candidates Sept. 29 in the school- board race in the Dolloway School to work after a short “wildcat” $2,500 bond on the other charge. Kills Teen-Age D is tric t. over working conditions last SNCC worker Harris has faced an month, failed again to report to insurrection charge — which car­ ‘Conspirator’ work Oct. 13. This time they said ries the death penally in Georgia they wouldn’t cross picket lines — before. He was held for 87 days When Washington had reason Equal-Time Curb set up by two small groups of in the famous Americus, Georgia to believe an American colonel’s electricians and pattern makers. Leonard Boudin case last fall on an insurrection life depended on that of a 19-year- old Vietnamese under death sen­ Protested by SWP tence in Saigon, it had its Viet­ Interview With Freedom Now Candidate NEW YORK — Deborah Rob­ namese puppet government quick­ erts, public relations director of ly announce to the world that no the Socialist Workers Party Cam­ date “had or has been set” for the paign Committee, has demanded execution. Foreign Policy Views of Michigan Nominee the same amount of time on tele­ This was despite the fact that vision and radio for SWP Presi­ Saigon newspapers had reported DETROIT — Attorney Milton of black liberation in this coun­ South Africa, for example, where dential candidate, Clifton DeBerry, that the public execution of the R. Henry is state chairman of the try or abroad? the black people are forced to suf­ as that given President Johnson, youth would take place in a week Freedom Now Party and that par­ A.: I certainly am opposed to fer the most cruel and humiliat­ Sunday night, Oct. 18. Requests and police said the date would be ty’s candidate for Congress in what the UN has done in the ing oppression. for the equal time for the SWP O ct. 15. Michigan’s predominantly Negro Congo. However, I do think the Q.: Do you think the U.S. gov­ candidate were made in telegrams The FALN underground in Ve­ First District. Formerly he was a UN could have a worth-while ernment is capable of playing any to the presidents of the three nezuela released the kidnaped U.S. city councilman in Pontiac. Be­ function. In terms of the African kind of a progressive role in the major networks: CBS, ABC and officer, shortly before midnight cause of his record as a civil- nations bloc, and especially if Congo? NBC. The requests have been Oct. 12. rights attorney, he is known as Communist China is admitted, it A.: I have a very dim view of refused. Early on Oct. 15, although South the “Black Defender.” In an in­ could be a vital forum. For one the ability of the U.S. government Section 315 o f the C om m unica­ Vietnamese and U.S. officials had terview with him, a representa­ thing it could get the UN to pre­ to play a progressive role any­ tions Act provides that if radio or stated no execution date “had or tiv e of The Militant asked the sent the American Negro’s position where. Basically it is an imperial­ television stations give any can­ has been set,” young Nguyen Van following questions. in a world forum. ist government of the worst order. didate for office free time for Troi was executed as scheduled — Question: The Freedom Now So far, unfortunately, the U.S. It won’t play a progressive role as political purposes, all other can­ and before TV cameras and a host Party platform says “it perceives has got the UN completely dom­ it is today. There must be some didates for the same office must of reporters. the common interests of all black inated. Perhaps France’s efforts changes first. be given equal time if they re­ The youth died courageously, people everywhere” and “aligns w ill help China be admitted. Even Q.: If elected, will you vote in quest it. shouting: “Americans Get out of itself with all liberation move­ if China is not admitted, the Afro- favor of the military budget which President Johnson sought to Viet Nam” and “Long Live Ho Chi ments throughout the world.” Asian bloc could, by itself, em­ is used to crush and harass libera­ evade the requirements of the M in h .” Since the platform doesn’t spell barrass the U.S. and perhaps tion movements throughout the Act by having the National Se­ out specific planks on foreign bring about some more tangible world? curity Council (which has a Dem­ The real nature of the “freedom policy, we would like your an­ sanctions against the U.S. such as A.: No. I think it should be vot­ ocratic majority) “request” the fight” being waged by the U.S.- swers to certain questions. First, withholding raw materials until ed against. I don’t agree with the President to address the nation. backed South Vietnamese regime do you think U.S. troops should the practice of racial oppression things being done with this bud­ This “request” was then used by was indicated by an Oct. 16 AP be withdrawn from Vietnam? is ended in this country. get. It seems to make possible sup­ the Federal Communication Com­ dispatch from Saigon which re­ From other areas outside the U.S.? Q.: How would you act in Con­ pression and harming of freedom mission as a pretext to rule that ported: Answer: Yes. Absolutely. The gress on a resolution to recognize movements in the world. It prev­ the broacast did not come within “Sources close to the High Na­ troops should get out. The U.S. Cuba and China and to end all ents truly democratic governments the m eaning o f Section 315. tional Council said today that it has no business sending its troops curbs on trade with all countries? from getting anywhere. Frankly I “For once the Republicans were had decided against popular elec­ roaming round the world op­ A.: I would certainly want to resent so much money, especially right,” said Deborah Roberts, tions because they might result in pressing folks. see both countries recognized. It is Negroes’ tax money, being used “when they too protested against a Communist victory.” Q.: In light of the UN role in cruel and stupid to deliberately for these things. No one yet has this transparent evasion of the Instead, the Council, which is the Congo and its failure to do harm the Cuban liberation move­ had the courage to vote against it. law.” She pointed out that the supposed to be organizing the anything effective against South ment by restrictions on trade. You “Military preparedness” means rights of minority parties have democratization of the country African oppression, do you think say, end all curbs on trade with nothing but getting involved in been consistently violated through w ill hand-pick members of a “rep­ the UN is worthy of support? Can all countries — well, I don’t think and opposing other people’s af­ a series of gimmicks used to deny resentative” Congress. it be relied on to help the cause this country should trade with fairs and hopes. equal time.