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LENGUAS FUYU-HAN Clasificación Filogenética de las Lenguas Fuyu-Han Proyecto de Organización Filogenética de las Lenguas del Mundo http://lenguas.giusseppe.net Giusseppe Domínguez 2016 Propuesta de clasificación filogenética de las lenguas fuyu-han, consideradas una de las ramas de la macrofamilia de lenguas altaicas. Las lenguas fuyu-han incluirían todas las lenguas coreánicas y japónicas así como las lenguas han de las que se tiene constancia, como el idioma del Reino de Silla que evolucionaría hasta ser el coreano. Índice General Consideraciones a Modo de Prólogo.......................................................9 Sobre el proyecto...........................................................................11 Advertencias.................................................................................17 Clasificación de las lenguas.............................................................21 Bibliografía Básica General..............................................................27 Mapas Mundiales de Familias Lingüísticas..........................................29 Plantillas.......................................................................................31 Descripción general de la macrofamilia Fuyu-Han..................................35 Lenguas de la macrofamilia Fuyu-Han..................................................53 Rama de Lenguas Fuyu...................................................................55 Lenguas Buyeo - Yemaek............................................................57 Idioma Buyeo........................................................................59 Idioma Goguryeano................................................................67 Idioma Baekje.......................................................................79 Lenguas Japónicas.....................................................................89 Grupo de lenguas Yayoi..........................................................91 Idioma Pre-Kara (Kaya)......................................................93 Idioma Japonés................................................................101 Familia de lenguas Ryukyuan.................................................129 Subfamilia de lenguas Amami-Okinawan.............................131 Grupo Amami-Okinawan Septentrional............................133 Idioma Amami Ōshima..............................................135 Idioma Toku-No-Shima.............................................149 Idioma Kikai............................................................155 Grupo Amami-Okinawan Meridional................................163 Idioma Oki-No-Erabu................................................165 Idioma Kunigami......................................................171 Idioma Okinawense..................................................179 Idioma Yoron...........................................................195 Subfamilia de lenguas Sakishima.......................................203 Idioma Miyako.............................................................205 Idioma Yaeyama..........................................................213 Idioma Yonaguni..........................................................221 Rama de Lenguas Han..................................................................227 Idioma Silla-Coreano................................................................229 Idioma Jejueo..........................................................................261 Índice Detallado...............................................................................271 CONSIDERACIONES A MODO DE PRÓLOGO Proyecto de Organización Filogenética de las Lenguas del Mundo SOBRE EL PROYECTO Resumen El libro actual contiene la información estructurada sobre el grupo de 17 lenguas que forman parte de la tentativa macrofamilia Fuyu-Han como rama de la superfamilia de lenguas altaicas. En absoluto puedo atribuirme una autoría, puesto que es, principalmente, un trabajo de recopilación de información para su posterior disposición es- tructurada. Es menester, por tanto, que reconozca que los autores están distribuidos en las diferentes referencias o fuentes de las que he ido obte- niendo el material disponible. Es un subproducto del Proyecto de Organización Filogenética de Lenguas del Mundo, cuyo formato pretende ser interactivo, libremente accesible, para consulta o copia y que está alojado en la página web personal de Giusseppe Domínguez en la dirección: http://lenguas.giusseppe.net A finales de 2016, el proyecto ha cubierto las lenguas de las siguientes agrupaciones lingüísticas: ● Ramas "europeas" [121 idiomas] de la relativamente bien documenta- da familia de lenguas indoeuropeas (Ramas Anatolia [10], Balcánica [10] incluyendo el griego, el albanés, el véneto, Asiática [2], Baltoes- lava [25], Germánica [21], Céltica [15], Itálica [7], dentro de la que estaría el Grupo Romance [31]) ● Tentativa familia (o macrofamilia) Uralo-Siberiana [51 idiomas] (Ra- mas Urálicas, incluyendo Finougrias y Samoyedas [34], Yucaguira [2], Chukotko-Kamtchatka [5], Esquimo-Aleutiana [10]) ● Macrofamilia Egeo-Tirsénica [5 idiomas] poco documentados y contro- versial clasificación de ramas Tirsénica [3] y Egea [2] ● Familia Kartveliana [4 idiomas] Lenguas Fuyu-Han 11 Proyecto de Organización Filogenética de las Lenguas del Mundo ● Tres ramas de las lenguas altaicas [37 idiomas] de discutida existencia (Ramas Mongol [10], Tungús [10], Fuyu-Han [17], incluyendo las di- versas lenguas coreánicas y las japónicas) Origen Desde hace varios años (desde el 2002, por lo menos) que el tema de crear una organización cómoda para la filiación de las familias lingüísticas me pa- rece interesante y algo que deseo hacer. Esta es la principal motivación para la creación: el deseo. También lo podíamos llamar intención, aunque intención estaría más relacionado con la forma deseada de continente del contenido deseado. El deseo es el germen, el leit motiv, lo primordial para comenzar algo. Lo primero fue la curiosidad: ¿Cuál era el origen del euskera? Así como existían teorías para decir que el castellano procede, más o menos directa o indirectamente, del latín, no hay una respuesta a esa pregunta y es algo que me picaba la curiosidad. Me gusta esta expresión que, gráficamente, refleja muy bien esa sensación de desazón que implica que hay que rascar- se aunque no sirva para nada. Inicialmente, me planteé buscar una estructura filogenética de todas las lenguas que hay (y ha habido) en el mundo. Ahí es nada. Por supuesto, no se trata tanto de demostrar que esa estructura es la correcta, que tal o cual lengua deriva realmente de tal o cual otra. Eso es algo que, con mucho, me desborda, sino que se trata tan solo de organizar la información que existe distribuida en distintas fuentes (en ocasiones muy escasas) para poder pre- sentarla de muy diversas maneras. No pretende ser un trabajo de investigación pura, sino más bien de recopilación y reordenación de infor- mación disponible (en ocasiones, en formatos ya de por sí muy interesantes). Herramientas de trabajo Comencé haciendo un trabajo de recolección de información con el Investi- gador de Encarta de Microsoft, pero desde el 2008 era un formato que me parecía peligroso por su enorme dependencia de un programa del que no tenía, ni siquiera, una licencia válida. Los ficheros que generaba Encarta te- nían una extensión ERP y un formato propietario que no podía abrir con ningún otro software, así que cuando me cambié a Ubuntu definitivamente (creo que en mayo del 2010), me encontré con que no podía seguir porque no podía usarlo en Linux. Lo tengo instalado en una máquina virtual con Windows XP para poder abrir aquellos ficheros, pero el investigador dejó de funcionar hace unos meses con una de las últimas actualizaciones de Inter- net Explorer. Pero ni siquiera me di cuenta. (Tuve que instalar otra máquina 12 Lenguas Fuyu-Han Proyecto de Organización Filogenética de las Lenguas del Mundo virtual para hacerla vivir como en el 2005, con XP, Office 2000, IE 5.5… y he logrado, pero no del todo, recuperar algo de aquellos ficheros en los que invertí un gran número de horas de trabajo). Yo seguía buscando una aplicación opensource que hiciese algo parecido a lo que me permitía hacer el investigador de encarta, pero no encontraba ninguna. Además, quería y le pedía que fuese ligero, pudiese exportar su resultado en diversos formatos, entre otros, HTML dinámico, XML y, por su- puesto, también ODT (para fabricar un subproducto libro disponible online en cuanto tenga un avance significativo). A principios de diciembre de 2011, encontré, casualmente, un programa lla- mado FreeMind que hacía exactamente lo que deseo. Ya solo tengo que preocuparme por llenar el contenido del árbol filogenético que albergará in- formación de unas 10.000 lenguas. Objetivo El primer objetivo del Proyecto, inicialmente, es el de llenar el contenido del árbol filogenético que albergará información de unas 10.000 lenguas. Orga- nizadas de manera sistemática, almacenando el mismo tipo de información por cada una de ellas. Así como de las distintas ramas, subgrupos y otras entidades lingüísticas semejantes. Sobre la clasificación que adopto a lo largo del proyecto, decir que es una variante de las diferentes versiones que voy encontrando y que en muchas ocasiones no son idénticas dada la dificultad para establecer, en muchos ca- sos, una línea de filogénesis probada. Además, hago aparecer una agrupación superior a la Familia Lingüística que entronca con la idea de la dispersión geográfica y, por tanto, mantengo una
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    Analitikus motívumok a koreai mítoszokban, és a sámánizmus gyakorlatában Készítette: Radics Péter PTE-BTK Pszichológia Intézet BA – Levelező 2013-05-06 Dolgozatomban a koreai népcsoport államalapítás mítoszait mutatom be, és elemzem a Carl Gustav Jung által megalkotott analitikus elmélet segítségével. Mivel ezek a mítoszok ősi voltuknak köszönhetően kapcsolatban állnak a koreai népcsoport életében a neolitikus időszaktól kezdve jelenlévő ősi hittel, a sámánizmussal, példákkal szemléltetem e hitvilágban fellelhető archetipikus elemeket is. A koreai sámánista motívumokat párhuzamba állítom a belső-ázsiai népeknél fellelhető sámánisztikus gyakorlattal, kihangsúlyozva a hasonlóságokat, és ellentéteket. Emellett szándékomban áll röviden bemutatni Koreát, és a koreai népcsoportot történelmi, kultúrtörténeti szempontok alapján. A dolgozatomban előforduló koreai szavak átírásakor az államilag elismert, felülvizsgált átírási formát alkalmaztam (Revised Romanization of Korean - 국어의 로마자 표기법)1 . Véleményem szerint ez sokkal átláthatóbban adja vissza a koreai szavak fonetikai sajátosságait, illetve modernebb, mint a McCune – Reischauer átírási forma. A terminológia hangeul-lel (한글) – mely az 1443-ban a Joseon dinasztia2 (1392- 1910) negyedik uralkodójának, Sejong3 királyának rendeletére megalkotott, a mai napig hivatalosan használt koreai fonetikus írás – történő átírását minden esetben feltüntetem. Bevezető: 1 Az átíráshoz angol nyelvű útmutató itt található: http://www.korean.go.kr/eng/roman/roman.jsp. 2 Joseon dinasztia (조선) a Goryeo királyságot
  • UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Embodiments of Korean Mask Dance (T'alch'um) from the 1960s to the 1980s: Traversing National Identity, Subjectivity, Gender Binary Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vj4q8r2 Author Ha, Sangwoo Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Embodiments of Korean Mask Dance (T’alch’um) from the 1960s to the 1980s: Traversing National Identity, Subjectivity, Gender Binary A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Critical Dance Studies by Sangwoo Ha June 2015 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Linda J. Tomko, Chairperson Dr. Anthea Kraut Dr. Jennifer Doyle Copyright by Sangwoo Ha 2015 The Dissertation of Sangwoo Ha is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgments I would like to take this opportunity to thank several people who shared their wisdom and kindness with me during my journey. First, Dr. Linda J. Tomko, who offered to be my advisor, introduced me to notions about embodying dances past, critical thinking, and historical research approaches. Not only did she help guide me through this rigorous process, she also supported me emotionally when I felt overwhelmed and insecure about my abilities as a scholar. Her edits and comments were invaluable, and her enthusiasm for learning will continue to influence my future endeavors. I offer my sincere gratitude to my committee members, Dr. Anthea Kraut, Dr. Priya Srinivasan, and Dr. Jennifer Doyle. They all supported me academically throughout my career at the University of California, Riverside.