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Evolving Pathways Key Themes in Evolutionary Developmental Biology

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Evolving Pathways Key Themes in Evolutionary Developmental Biology Evolving Pathways Key Themes in Evolutionary Developmental Biology Evolutionary developmental biology, or ‘evo-devo’, is the study of the relationship between evolution and development. Dealing specifically with the generative mechanisms of organismal form, evo-devo goes straight to the core of the developmental origin of variation, the raw material on which natural selection (and random drift) can work. Evolving Pathways responds to the growing volume of data in this field, with its potential to answer fundamental questions in biology, by fuelling debate through contributions that represent a diversity of approaches. Topics range from developmental genetics to comparative morphology of animals and plants alike, including palaeontology. Researchers and graduate students will find this book a valuable overview of current research as we begin to fill a major gap in our perception of evolutionary change. ALESSANDRO MINELLI is currently Professor of Zoology at the University of Padova, Italy. An honorary fellow of the Royal Entomological Society, he was a founding member and Vice-President of the European Society for Evolutionary Biology. He has served as President of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, and is on the editorial board of multiple learned journals, including Evolution & Development. He is the author of The Development of Animal Form (2003). GIUSEPPE FUSCO is Assistant Professor of Zoology at the University of Padova, Italy, where he teaches evolutionary biology. His main research work is in the morphological evolution and post-embryonic development of arthropods, with particular reference to the role of segmentation in the Chilopoda. Evolving Pathways Key Themes in Evolutionary Developmental Biology Edited by ALESSANDRO MINELLI GIUSEPPE FUSCO University of Padova, Italy CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521875004 © Cambridge University Press 2008 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2008 ISBN-13 978-0-511-37860-7 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-13 978-0-521-87500-4 hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents Contributors page ix Preface xiii Introduction: Pathways of change xv Part I1 Thinking about evolution by taking development on board 1 Evo-devo as a discipline5 GERD B. MÜLLER 2 Making evolutionary predictions about the structure of development and morphology: beyond the neo-Darwinian and constraints paradigms 31 ISAAC SALAZAR- CIUDAD 3 Conflicting hypotheses on the nature of mega-evolution 50 WALLACE ARTHUR 4 Prospects of evo-devo for linking pattern and process in the evolution of morphospace 62 PAUL M. BRAKEFIELD 5 The molecular biology underlying developmental evolution 80 CLAUDIO R. ALONSO 6 Evo-devo’s identity: from model organisms to developmental types 100 RONALD A. JENNER v vi Contents Part II 121 Evo-devo: methods and materials 7 A pragmatic approach for selecting evo-devo model species in amniotes 123 ATHANASIA C. TZIKA AND MICHEL C. MILINKOVITCH 8 On comparisons and causes in evolutionary developmental biology 144 GERHARD SCHOLTZ 9 Evolution and development: towards a synthesis of macro- and micro-evolution with ecology 160 HANS ZAUNER AND RALF J. SOMMER 10 When is a Hox gene not a Hox gene? The importance of gene nomenclature 175 DAVID E. K . FERRIER 11 Plants are used to having identity crises 194 ROLF RUTISHAUSER, VALENTIN GROB AND EVELIN PFEIFER Part III 215 Evolving diversity 12 Unravelling body plan and axial evolution in the Bilateria with molecular phylogenetic markers 217 JAUME BAGUÑÀ, PERE MARTINEZ, JORDI PAPS AND MARTA RIUTORT 13 Are transposition events at the origin of the bilaterian Hox complexes? 239 JEAN S. DEUTSCH AND PHILIPPE LOPEZ 14 Many roads lead to Rome: different ways to construct a nematode 261 EINHARD SCHIERENBERG AND JENS SCHULZE 15 Basal euarthropod development: a fossil-based perspective 281 NIGEL C. HUGHES, JOACHIM T. HAUG AND DIETER WALOSZEK 16 Developmental transitions during the evolution of plant form 299 JANE A. LANGDALE AND C. JILL HARRISON Contents vii Part IV 317 Evolving body features 17 Urbisexuality: the evolution of bilaterian germ cell specification and reproductive systems 321 CASSANDRA G. M . EXTAVOUR 18 Thoughts and speculations on the ancestral arthropod segmentation pathway 343 ARIEL D. CHIPMAN 19 Evolution of neurogenesis in arthropods 359 ANGELIKA STOLLEWERK 20 Arthropod appendages: a prime example for the evolution of morphological diversity and innovation 381 NIKOLA- MICHAEL PRPIC AND WIM G. M . DAMEN 21 Ontogeny of the spiralian brain 399 CLAUS NIELSEN Index 417 Contributors Claudio R. Alonso University of Cambridge, Department of Zoology, Cambridge, United Kingdom Wallace Arthur National University of Ireland at Galway, Department of Zoology, Galway, Ireland Jaume Baguñà Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Genètica, Barcelona, Spain Paul M. Brakefield Leiden University, Institute of Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands Ariel D. Chipman The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Evolution Systematics and Ecology, Jerusalem, Israel Wim G. M. Damen Universität zu Köln, Institut für Genetik, Köln, Germany Jean S. Deutsch Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Biologie du Développement and CNRS, Paris, France Cassandra G. M. Extavour Harvard University, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America ix x Contributors David E. K. Ferrier University of St Andrews, The Gatty Marine Laboratory, St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom Valentin Grob Universität Zürich, Institut für Systematische Botanik und Bota- nischer Garten, Zürich, Switzerland C. Jill Harrison University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom Joachim T. Haug Universität Ulm, Sektion Biosystematische Dokumentation, Ulm, Germany Nigel C. Hughes University of California Riverside, Department of Earth Sciences, Riverside, California, United States of America Ronald A. Jenner University of Bath, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Bath, United Kingdom Jane A. Langdale University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom Philippe Lopez Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Systématique Adaptation Évolution and CNRS, Paris, France Pere Martinez Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Genètica, Barcelona, Spain Michel C. Milinkovitch Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Molecular Biology & Medicine, Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Gosselies, Belgium Gerd B. Müller University of Vienna, Department of Theoretical Biology, Vienna, Austria, and Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Altenberg, Austria Contributors xi Claus Nielsen University of Copenhagen, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark Jordi Paps Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Genètica, Barcelona, Spain Evelin Pfeifer Universität Zürich, Institut für Systematische Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Zürich, Switzerland Nikola-Michael Prpic Georg-August-Universität, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Abteilung für Entwicklungsbio- logie, Göttingen, Germany Marta Riutort Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Genètica, Barcelona, Spain Rolf Rutishauser Universität Zürich, Institut für Systematische Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Zürich, Switzerland Isaac Salazar-Ciudad University of Helsinki, Institute of Biotechnology, Developmental Biology Program, Helsinki, Finland Einhard Schierenberg Universität zu Köln, Institut für Zoologie, Köln, Germany Gerhard Scholtz Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie/ Vergleichende Zoologie, Berlin, Germany Jens Schulze Universität zu Köln, Institut für Zoologie, Köln, Germany Ralf J. Sommer Max-Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Department for Evolutionary Biology, Tübingen, Germany Angelika Stollewerk Queen Mary, University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, United Kingdom xii Contributors Athanasia C. Tzika Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Molecular Biology & Medicine, Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Gosselies, Belgium Dieter Waloszek Universität Ulm, Sektion Biosystematische Dokumentation, Ulm, Germany Hans Zauner Max-Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Department for Evolutionary Biology, Tübingen, Germany Preface Two important events marked the year 2006 in the still short history of evolutionary developmental biology. The first European Workshop on Evolutionary Developmental Biology, held in Venice on 5–6 May 2006, offered some 30 researchers from most of the European teams active in this field a timely perspective on key issues in the disci- pline, and opened a lively discussion on where to move next, in terms of problems, model organisms, and levels
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