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Balanus Glandula Class: Multicrustacea, Hexanauplia, Thecostraca, Cirripedia
Phylum: Arthropoda, Crustacea Balanus glandula Class: Multicrustacea, Hexanauplia, Thecostraca, Cirripedia Order: Thoracica, Sessilia, Balanomorpha Acorn barnacle Family: Balanoidea, Balanidae, Balaninae Description (the plate overlapping plate edges) and radii Size: Up to 3 cm in diameter, but usually (the plate edge marked off from the parietes less than 1.5 cm (Ricketts and Calvin 1971; by a definite change in direction of growth Kozloff 1993). lines) (Fig. 3b) (Newman 2007). The plates Color: Shell usually white, often irregular themselves include the carina, the carinola- and color varies with state of erosion. Cirri teral plates and the compound rostrum (Fig. are black and white (see Plate 11, Kozloff 3). 1993). Opercular Valves: Valves consist of General Morphology: Members of the Cirri- two pairs of movable plates inside the wall, pedia, or barnacles, can be recognized by which close the aperture: the tergum and the their feathery thoracic limbs (called cirri) that scutum (Figs. 3a, 4, 5). are used for feeding. There are six pairs of Scuta: The scuta have pits on cirri in B. glandula (Fig. 1). Sessile barna- either side of a short adductor ridge (Fig. 5), cles are surrounded by a shell that is com- fine growth ridges, and a prominent articular posed of a flat basis attached to the sub- ridge. stratum, a wall formed by several articulated Terga: The terga are the upper, plates (six in Balanus species, Fig. 3) and smaller plate pair and each tergum has a movable opercular valves including terga short spur at its base (Fig. 4), deep crests for and scuta (Newman 2007) (Figs. -
Hull Fouling Is a Risk Factor for Intercontinental Species Exchange in Aquatic Ecosystems
Aquatic Invasions (2007) Volume 2, Issue 2: 121-131 Open Access doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2007.2.2.7 © 2007 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2007 REABIC Research Article Hull fouling is a risk factor for intercontinental species exchange in aquatic ecosystems John M. Drake1,2* and David M. Lodge1,2 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA 2Environmental National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA *Corresponding author Current address: Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA E-mail: [email protected] (JMD) Received: 13 March 2007 / Accepted: 25 May 2007 Abstract Anthropogenic biological invasions are a leading threat to aquatic biodiversity in marine, estuarine, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Ballast water discharged from transoceanic ships is commonly believed to be the dominant pathway for species introduction and is therefore increasingly subject to domestic and international regulation. However, compared to species introductions from ballast, translocation by biofouling of ships’ exposed surfaces has been poorly quantified. We report translocation of species by a transoceanic bulk carrier intercepted in the North American Great Lakes in fall 2001. We collected 944 individuals of at least 74 distinct freshwater and marine taxa. Eight of 29 taxa identified to species have never been observed in the Great Lakes. Employing five different statistical techniques, we estimated that the biofouling community of this ship comprised from 100 to 200 species. These findings adjust upward by an order of magnitude the number of species collected from a single ship. -
Cirripedia of Madeira
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universidade do Algarve Helgol Mar Res (2006) 60: 207–212 DOI 10.1007/s10152-006-0036-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Peter Wirtz Æ Ricardo Arau´jo Æ Alan J. Southward Cirripedia of Madeira Received: 13 September 2005 / Revised: 12 January 2006 / Accepted: 13 January 2006 / Published online: 3 February 2006 Ó Springer-Verlag and AWI 2006 Abstract We give a list of Cirripedia from Madeira phers. The marine invertebrates have been less studied Island and nearby deep water, based on specimens in and there has been no compilation of cirripede records the collection of the Museu Municipal do Funchal for Madeira, comparable to those for the Azores (Histo´ria Natural) (MMF), records mentioned in the archipelago (Young 1998a; Southward 1999). We here literature, and recent collections. Tesseropora atlantica summarize records from Madeira and nearby deep water Newman and Ross, 1976 is recorded from Madeira for and discuss their biogeographical implications. the first time. The Megabalanus of Madeira is M. az- oricus. There are 20 genera containing 27 species, of which 22 occur in depths less than 200 m. Of these Methods shallow water species, eight are wide-ranging oceanic forms that attach to other organisms or to floating The records are based on (1) the work of R.T. Lowe, objects, leaving just 13 truly benthic shallow water who sent specimens to Charles Darwin; (2) material in barnacles. This low diversity is probably a consequence the Museu Municipal do Funchal (Histo´ria Natural) of the distance from the continental coasts and the (MMF); (3) casual collecting carried out by residents or small area of the available habitat. -
Remarkable Convergent Evolution in Specialized Parasitic Thecostraca (Crustacea)
Remarkable convergent evolution in specialized parasitic Thecostraca (Crustacea) Pérez-Losada, Marcos; Høeg, Jens Thorvald; Crandall, Keith A Published in: BMC Biology DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-7-15 Publication date: 2009 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Pérez-Losada, M., Høeg, J. T., & Crandall, K. A. (2009). Remarkable convergent evolution in specialized parasitic Thecostraca (Crustacea). BMC Biology, 7(15), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-7-15 Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 BMC Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Remarkable convergent evolution in specialized parasitic Thecostraca (Crustacea) Marcos Pérez-Losada*1, JensTHøeg2 and Keith A Crandall3 Address: 1CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Portugal, 2Comparative Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark and 3Department of Biology and Monte L Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA Email: Marcos Pérez-Losada* - [email protected]; Jens T Høeg - [email protected]; Keith A Crandall - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 17 April 2009 Received: 10 December 2008 Accepted: 17 April 2009 BMC Biology 2009, 7:15 doi:10.1186/1741-7007-7-15 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/7/15 © 2009 Pérez-Losada et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
A Possible 150 Million Years Old Cirripede Crustacean Nauplius and the Phenomenon of Giant Larvae
Contributions to Zoology, 86 (3) 213-227 (2017) A possible 150 million years old cirripede crustacean nauplius and the phenomenon of giant larvae Christina Nagler1, 4, Jens T. Høeg2, Carolin Haug1, 3, Joachim T. Haug1, 3 1 Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg- Martinsried, Germany 2 Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark 3 GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany 4 E-mail: [email protected] Key words: nauplius, metamorphosis, palaeo-evo-devo, Cirripedia, Solnhofen lithographic limestones Abstract The possible function of giant larvae ................................ 222 Interpretation of the present case ....................................... 223 The larval phase of metazoans can be interpreted as a discrete Acknowledgements ....................................................................... 223 post-embryonic period. Larvae have been usually considered to References ...................................................................................... 223 be small, yet some metazoans possess unusually large larvae, or giant larvae. Here, we report a possible case of such a giant larva from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen Lithographic limestones (150 Introduction million years old, southern Germany), most likely representing an immature cirripede crustacean (barnacles and their relatives). The single specimen was documented with up-to-date -
Barnacle Paper.PUB
Proc. Isle Wight nat. Hist. archaeol. Soc . 24 : 42-56. BARNACLES (CRUSTACEA: CIRRIPEDIA) OF THE SOLENT & ISLE OF WIGHT Dr Roger J.H. Herbert & Erik Muxagata To coincide with the bicentenary of the birth of the naturalist Charles Darwin (1809-1889) a list of barnacles (Crustacea:Cirripedia) recorded from around the Solent and Isle of Wight coast is pre- sented, including notes on their distribution. Following the Beagle expedition, and prior to the publication of his seminal work Origin of Species in 1859, Darwin spent eight years studying bar- nacles. During this time he tested his developing ideas of natural selection and evolution through precise observation and systematic recording of anatomical variation. To this day, his monographs of living and fossil cirripedia (Darwin 1851a, 1851b, 1854a, 1854b) are still valuable reference works. Darwin visited the Isle of Wight on three occasions (P. Bingham, pers.com) however it is unlikely he carried out any field work on the shore. He does however describe fossil cirripedia from Eocene strata on the Isle of Wight (Darwin 1851b, 1854b) and presented specimens, that were supplied to him by other collectors, to the Natural History Museum (Appendix). Barnacles can be the most numerous of macrobenthic species on hard substrata. The acorn and stalked (pedunculate) barnacles have a familiar sessile adult stage that is preceded by a planktonic larval phase comprising of six naupliar stages, prior to the metamorphosis of a non-feeding cypris that eventually settles on suitable substrate (for reviews on barnacle biology see Rainbow 1984; Anderson, 1994). Additionally, the Rhizocephalans, an ectoparasitic group, are mainly recognis- able as barnacles by the external characteristics of their planktonic nauplii. -
Five New Species of Bathyal Atlantic Ascothoracida (Crustacea: Maxillopoda) from the Equator to 50° N Latitude
BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 46(3): 655-<i76, l~ FIVE NEW SPECIES OF BATHYAL ATLANTIC ASCOTHORACIDA (CRUSTACEA: MAXILLOPODA) FROM THE EQUATOR TO 50° N LATITUDE Mark J. Grygier ABSTRACT Five new species of Ascothoracida are described from the Atlantic Ocean at depths of700- 3,500 m: Synagoga paucisetosa new species, host unknown, from 3,459 m in the equatorial Atlantic, based on a male; Synagoga bisetosa new species, host unknown, from about 2,000 m outside the Strait of Gibraltar, based on an immature ?female; Thalassomembracis atlan- ticus new species, host Chrysogorgia quadriplex Thomson, from about 1,450 m SW of the British Isles, based on a female; Zoanthoecus scrobisaccus new species, host Epizoanthus fatuus (M. Schultze), from 927 m near the Azores, based on females, a male, and nauplii; Dendrogaster deformator new species, host Novodinia antillensis (A. H. Clark), from 711 m in the Bahamas, based on females. New specimens of Cardomanica longispinata (Grygier), host Chrysogorgia elegans (Verrill), are recorded from the Lesser Antilles. Both new species of Synagoga have a pair of Waginella-like pits on the front inner surfaces of the carapace valves. Synagoga bisetosa has a unique thoracopod segmentation and is intermediate between other Synagoga species and Waginella in some features. Fouling organisms associated with some specimens of Cardomanica longispinata bring into question the nature of the relation- ship with the host. Naupliar antennule segmentation in Zoanthoecus scrobisaccus seems to be different from that of other ascothoracidans, with implications for maxillopodan system- atics. Dendrogaster deformator is morphologically and ecologically intermediate between other species of Dendrogaster and the closely related genus Bifurgaster. -
Illuminating Our World: an Essay on the Unraveling of the Species Problem, with Assistance from a Barnacle and a Goose
Humanities 2012, 1, 145–165; doi:10.3390/h1030145 OPEN ACCESS humanities ISSN 2076-0787 www.mdpi.com/journal/humanities Article Illuminating our World: An Essay on the Unraveling of the Species Problem, with Assistance from a Barnacle and a Goose John Buckeridge * and Rob Watts Earth & Oceanic Systems Group, RMIT University, Melbourne, GPO Box 2476, Australia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-399-252-009. Received: 18 July 2012; in revised form: 27 September 2012 / Accepted: 8 October 2012 / Published: 15 October 2012 Abstract: In order to plan for the future, we must understand the past. This paper investigates the manner in which both naturalists and the wider community view one of the most intriguing of all questions: what makes a species special? Consideration is given to the essentialist view—a rigid perspective and ancient, Aristotelian perspective—that all organisms are fixed in form and nature. In the middle of the 19th century, Charles Darwin changed this by showing that species are indeed mutable, even humans. Advances in genetics have reinforced the unbroken continuum between taxa, a feature long understood by palaeontologists; but irrespective of this, we have persisted in utilizing the ‗species concept‘—a mechanism employed primarily to understand and to manipulate the world around us. The vehicles used to illustrate this journey in perception are the barnacle goose (a bird), and the goose barnacle (a crustacean). The journey of these two has been entwined since antiquity—in folklore, religion, diet and even science. Keywords: species concept; organic evolution; history of biology; goose barnacles; barnacle geese; Aristotle; Charles Darwin; Linnaeus 1. -
Lattice Organs in Ycyprids of the Facetotecta and Their Significance in the Phylogeny of the Crustacea Thecostraca
AZO_100.fm Page 67 Tuesday, December 11, 2001 3:24 PM Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 83: 67–79 (January 2002) LatticeBlackwell Science Ltd organs in y-cyprids of the Facetotecta and their significance in the phylogeny of the Crustacea Thecostraca J. T. Høeg and G. A. Kolbasov1 Abstract Department of Zoomorphology, Zoological Høeg, J.T. and Kolbasov G.A. 2002. Lattice organs in y-cyprids of the Institute, University of Copenhagen, Facetotecta and their significance in the phylogeny of the Crustacea Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Thecostraca. — Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 83: 67 – 79 Copenhagen, Denmark; 1Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Department Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) were used of Invertebrate Zoology, 119899 Moscow, to study lattice organs in facetotectan y-cyprids from the White Sea and from Russia Norwegian and Bahamian waters. The larvae represent at least four and possibly five different species of Facetotecta. Y-cyprids have five pairs of Keywords: lattice organs in the head shield (carapace) organized into two anterior pairs SEM, TEM, cypris y, sense organ, and three posterior pairs. Both groups of lattice organs are arranged around phylogeny, larval biology a large central pore. The facetotectan lattice organs are elongate areas with a longitudinal keel, just as in the Ascothoracida and some Cirripedia Acro- Accepted for publication: 27 June 2001 thoracica. The terminal pore of the organs is situated posteriorly in all five pairs. TEM confirms that the organs have the same general morphology as in the Cirripedia and Ascothoracida, namely, a cuticular chamber into which project ciliary segments from the chemosensory cells. -
Cirripedia: Balanomorpha
Contributions to Zoology, 68 (4) 245-260 (2000) SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague Pyrgoma kuri Hoek, 1913: a case study in morphology and systematics of a symbiotic coral barnacle (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha) Arnold Ross & William+A. Newman Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093-0202, U.S.A atrial Keywords: Pyrgomatidae, passageways, chemical mediation, parasitic dinoflagellates “Whoever attempts to make outfrom external characters alone, Systematics 247 without the valves will almost Chemical mediation between barnacle and host 254 disarticulating ... certainly fall into errors 259 many ...” Acknowledgements Charles Darwin, 1854 References 259 Abstract Introduction The of from the systematics pyrgomatids, stemming early 1800’s, During 1899 and 1900 H.M.S. “Siboga” explored has been based the number of traditionally on plates making up the waters of the Netherlands East Indies, or what the wall (six, four or one) and specializations in the opercular Indonesia. is now largely known as The “Siboga”, plates. A recent study ofthe related bryozobiines focused attention some 50 m in length, takes its name from a town on detailed structural modifications ofthe basis, which we now on the west coast of Sumatra. find also applies to some highly derived pyrgomatids and an Although originally archaeobalanine. Reexamination of the Indonesian coral barnacle designed to be a gun-boat it was retrofitted as a Pyrgoma kuri Hoek, 1913 has revealed previously unknown research vessel prior to completion. Under the lead- morphological features, including separable opercular plates, a ership of Max Weber (Pieters & De Visser, 1993), and basis lined with ladder arch-like true tergal spur, a to the shipboard party collected samples at 323 sta- calcareous structures covering “atrial passageways”. -
Fossil Calibrations for the Arthropod Tree of Life
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/044859; this version posted June 10, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. FOSSIL CALIBRATIONS FOR THE ARTHROPOD TREE OF LIFE AUTHORS Joanna M. Wolfe1*, Allison C. Daley2,3, David A. Legg3, Gregory D. Edgecombe4 1 Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 2 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK 3 Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PZ, UK 4 Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Fossil age data and molecular sequences are increasingly combined to establish a timescale for the Tree of Life. Arthropods, as the most species-rich and morphologically disparate animal phylum, have received substantial attention, particularly with regard to questions such as the timing of habitat shifts (e.g. terrestrialisation), genome evolution (e.g. gene family duplication and functional evolution), origins of novel characters and behaviours (e.g. wings and flight, venom, silk), biogeography, rate of diversification (e.g. Cambrian explosion, insect coevolution with angiosperms, evolution of crab body plans), and the evolution of arthropod microbiomes. We present herein a series of rigorously vetted calibration fossils for arthropod evolutionary history, taking into account recently published guidelines for best practice in fossil calibration. -
Evolving Pathways Key Themes in Evolutionary Developmental Biology
Evolving Pathways Key Themes in Evolutionary Developmental Biology Evolutionary developmental biology, or ‘evo-devo’, is the study of the relationship between evolution and development. Dealing specifically with the generative mechanisms of organismal form, evo-devo goes straight to the core of the developmental origin of variation, the raw material on which natural selection (and random drift) can work. Evolving Pathways responds to the growing volume of data in this field, with its potential to answer fundamental questions in biology, by fuelling debate through contributions that represent a diversity of approaches. Topics range from developmental genetics to comparative morphology of animals and plants alike, including palaeontology. Researchers and graduate students will find this book a valuable overview of current research as we begin to fill a major gap in our perception of evolutionary change. ALESSANDRO MINELLI is currently Professor of Zoology at the University of Padova, Italy. An honorary fellow of the Royal Entomological Society, he was a founding member and Vice-President of the European Society for Evolutionary Biology. He has served as President of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, and is on the editorial board of multiple learned journals, including Evolution & Development. He is the author of The Development of Animal Form (2003). GIUSEPPE FUSCO is Assistant Professor of Zoology at the University of Padova, Italy, where he teaches evolutionary biology. His main research work is in the morphological