View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universidade do Algarve Helgol Mar Res (2006) 60: 207–212 DOI 10.1007/s10152-006-0036-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Peter Wirtz Æ Ricardo Arau´jo Æ Alan J. Southward Cirripedia of Madeira Received: 13 September 2005 / Revised: 12 January 2006 / Accepted: 13 January 2006 / Published online: 3 February 2006 Ó Springer-Verlag and AWI 2006 Abstract We give a list of Cirripedia from Madeira phers. The marine invertebrates have been less studied Island and nearby deep water, based on specimens in and there has been no compilation of cirripede records the collection of the Museu Municipal do Funchal for Madeira, comparable to those for the Azores (Histo´ria Natural) (MMF), records mentioned in the archipelago (Young 1998a; Southward 1999). We here literature, and recent collections. Tesseropora atlantica summarize records from Madeira and nearby deep water Newman and Ross, 1976 is recorded from Madeira for and discuss their biogeographical implications. the first time. The Megabalanus of Madeira is M. az- oricus. There are 20 genera containing 27 species, of which 22 occur in depths less than 200 m. Of these Methods shallow water species, eight are wide-ranging oceanic forms that attach to other organisms or to floating The records are based on (1) the work of R.T. Lowe, objects, leaving just 13 truly benthic shallow water who sent specimens to Charles Darwin; (2) material in barnacles. This low diversity is probably a consequence the Museu Municipal do Funchal (Histo´ria Natural) of the distance from the continental coasts and the (MMF); (3) casual collecting carried out by residents or small area of the available habitat. No endemic species visitors to the island; (4) several hundred SCUBA dives have been found. in a depth range of 1–60 m, from 1992–2005 (Fig. 2) and (5) ad hoc surveys in spring 2005 (Fig. 2). The species Keywords Cirripedia Æ Barnacles Æ Biogeography Æ listed include those noted by Darwin (1851, 1854) and Island faunas Gruvel (1905). For each species, we note whether a specimen is present in the collection of the Museum (MMF). The classification follows Newman and Ross Introduction (1976), Newman (1996), Young (1998b) and Pitombo (2004). Madeira and its associated islands is the smallest among the three groups of islands in the warm temperate region of the NE Atlantic (Fig. 1), and its terrestrial fauna and Results flora have attracted much attention from biogeogra- Suborder Heteralepadomorpha Communicated by H.-D. Franke Family Heteralepadidae & P. Wirtz ( ) Heteralepas cornuta (Darwin, 1854) Centro de Cieˆ ncias do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, MMF: no 8005-139 Faro, Portugal Several specimens attached to whip coral at Seine E-mail: [email protected] Seamount, 170–180 m depth, approximately 250 km north-east of Madeira Island. This species is common off R. Arau´jo Museu Municipal do Funchal (Histo´ria Natural), the Azores and the Canaries (Young 1998a; Southward Rua da Mouraria 31, 9004-546 Funchal, 1999; Buhl-Mortensen and Newman 2004; A.J. South- Madeira, Portugal ward, personal records). Reported by Darwin (1851)as Alepas cornuta, but only from the West Indies. A. J. Southward Heteralepas microstoma Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Gruvel, 1902 PL1 2PB Plymouth, UK MMF: no 208 MMF: yes The original description by Darwin (1851, p. 105) is based on material from Madeira, collected by R.T. Lowe (‘‘attached to the rare Homola cuvieri’’). Presently common on the deep-water crab Chaceon affinis. Poecilasma crassa Gray, 1848 MMF: yes Recorded by Darwin (1851, p. 107) as ‘‘attached to Homola cuvieri, Rev. R.T. Lowe’’. Common on the deep-water crab C. affinis; see Young (1998a) and Southward (1999). Octolasmis lowei (Darwin, 1851) MMF: no Described by Darwin (1851, p. 128, as Dichelaspis lowei), ‘‘attached to a rare Brachyurous crab’’. No recent records. Family Lepadidae Fig. 1 The position of Madeira relative to the continental coasts Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758 and to the other NE Atlantic islands with warm-temperate climates MMF: yes The commonest pedunculate barnacle on buoys and floating objects; colour photo in Wirtz and Debelius On octocorals in several hundred metres depth; see (2003). Young (1998a). Lepas hilli Leach, 1818 MMF: yes. The specimen in the collection of the Madeira Natural History Museum (registration number Suborder Lepadomorpha MMF 27213 from 02 Oct 1963) has no location data. It is thus not entirely certain (but most probable) that it Family Oxynaspidae comes from Madeiran waters. Oxynaspis celata Darwin, 1851 Lepas pectinata Spengler, 1793 MMF: yes MMF: yes. The specimen in the museum collection Described by Darwin (1851, p. 134) as ‘‘attached in comes from a buoy washed ashore at Selvagem Grande numbers to an Antipathes; Rev. R.T. Lowe’’. Presently Island. common on bushes of black coral, Antipathella wolla- Dosima fascicularis (Ellis et Solander, 1786) stoni, from 35 m downwards; colour photo in Wirtz and MMF: no Debelius (2003); see also Wirtz (2001). This species forms its own float. Juvenile specimens Family Poecilasmatidae were encountered floating at the surface near Seine Se- Poecilasma aurantia Darwin, 1851 amount. Conchoderma aurita (Linnaeus, 1758) MMF: yes From a floating buoy near Garajau, south coast of Madeira Island. Conchoderma virgata Spengler, 1789 MMF: yes Frequent on Caretta caretta caught near Madeira Island, occasionally on floating buoys. Suborder Scalpellomorpha Family Calanticidae Smilium acutum (Hoek, 1883) MMF: no Fig. 2 The locations investigated in Madeira. Intertidal stations shown as numbers on filled circles: 1 Porto Moniz; 2 Seixal; 3 Sa˜ o Occurs deeper than 1500 m. See Young (1998a). Vicente; 4 Faial, beach; 5 Porto da Cruz; 6 Machico; 7 Santa Cruz; 8 Canic¸o de Baixo, Reis Magos; 9 Funchal, harbour and marina. Sub-littoral SCUBA-diving stations, worked by the first author, Suborder Verrucomorpha shown as letters on open circles: A Porto Moniz; B Seixal; C Porto da Cruz; D Baia d’Abra; E 1 km east of Canic¸al; F Machico bay and small sea mount in front of bay; G Porto Novo; H Canic¸ode Family Verrucidae Baixo; I Garajau; J Lido do Funchal; K Ribeira Brava; L Calheta Verruca spengleri Darwin, 1854 209 MMF: yes revi para os Ac¸ores)’’, i.e. he believed he had collected The original description by Darwin (1854, p. 521) is Tesseropora arnoldi Young, 1998. This was a species he based on specimens from Madeira (‘‘Museum Lowe’’). had erected to cover the Azores specimens of the genus, See also Young et al. (2003). Common in dark places which he thought differed morphologically from the from low water level downwards, e.g. under stones and Bermudan form, as described by Newman and Ross on the walls of caves. (1977). Southward (1999) examined new material from both the Azores and Bermuda and found the supposed morphological differences were not apparent when large Suborder Balanomorpha numbers of specimens were examined. Paulo Young died in a traffic accident in 2004; his Madeiran specimens Family Chthamalidae are probably in the collection of the Natural History [Chthamalus montagui Southward, 1976 Museum in Rio de Janeiro. We have now collected MMF: no specimens of Tesseropora from under stones at low tide This species is figured by Morton et al. (1998; pp. 39, level, Reis Magos, Canic¸o de Baixo, south coast of 40) in a diagram of the intertidal fauna at Canic¸ode Madeira, and at Seixal on the north coast. We are Baixo, south coast of Madeira. The record appears to be classifying these as T. atlantica pending investigations of a confusion of its occurrence somewhere else, perhaps the DNA of the specimens. There is a current project to on Lanzarote in the Canary Islands (Crisp et al. 1981). examine within island and between island genetic vari- We have intensively searched for this species on the ation in this species in the Azores and Madeira. T. at- shores of Madeira but did not encounter it.] lantica is interesting because it retains the developing Chthamalus stellatus (Poli, 1795) larvae to the cyprid stage before release, and hence MMF: yes might be regarded as having poor larval dispersal Chthamalus stellatus is the common intertidal bar- capabilities (Newman and Ross 1977; Southward 1999). nacle of Madeira Island, present on all rocky shores and Family Archaeobalanidae in harbours. Elminius modestus Darwin, 1854 Family Chelonibiidae MMF: yes Chelonibia caretta Spengler, 1790 Elminius modestus colonized NW Europe from New MMF: yes Zealand during World War II, carried by shipping Common on C. caretta. Southward (1999) identified (Bishop 1947; Crisp 1958). A single specimen was found specimens of Chelonibia from the Azores as being this in the marina at Funchal in May 2005. species; the C. caretta from Madeira belong to the same Acasta cyathus Darwin, 1854 population of turtles (Bolten et al. 1998). MMF: yes Family Coronulidae By an oversight, this species was not listed in the Coronula diadema Linnaeus, 1758 Cirripedia section of the European Register of Marine MMF: yes Species (Southward 2001). The original description is Dry shells without tissues in the Museum; records from Madeira (Darwin 1854, p. 312, ‘‘Museum Lowe’’.). state that they are from a fin whale. The species lives embedded in sponges such as Petrosia Family Platylepadidae ficiformis. Collected at Madeira by the late P. Young Stomatolepas elegans (Costa, 1838) (personal communication). Recently found at Canic¸ode MMF: yes; specimens taken from a leatherback tur- Baixo, in 12 m depth. tle, Dermochelys coriacea. Family Pyrgomatidae A worldwide distributed species. Megatrema anglicum (Sowerby, 1823) Family Tetraclitidae MMF: yes Tesseropora atlantica Newman and Ross, 1976 Commensal on solitary, azooxanthellate scleractinian MMF: yes corals; recorded by Darwin (1854, p. 360) from Madeira, This species was the first record of living Tesseropora but no details given.