DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogeography and Molecular Systematics of the Rafting Aeolid Nudibranch Fiona Pinnata (Eschscholtz, 1831)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogeography and Molecular Systematics of the Rafting Aeolid Nudibranch Fiona Pinnata (Eschscholtz, 1831) Phylogeography and molecular systematics of the rafting aeolid nudibranch Fiona pinnata (Eschscholtz, 1831) Jennifer S. Trickey A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science in Zoology at the University of Otago, New Zealand August 2012 An undescribed species of Fiona nudibranch (at center) on the mooring line of a rompong in SE Sulawesi, Indonesia. Also pictured are its egg masses and barnacle prey. © Magnus Johnson [University of Hull] i ABSTRACT The pelagic nudibranch Fiona pinnata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) occurs exclusively on macroalgal rafts and other floating substrata, and is found throughout tropical and temperate seas worldwide. Its cosmopolitan distribution has been attributed to its planktotrophic larval mode and propensity for passive rafting, and although it was one of the earliest aeolid nudibranchs to be described, this study produced the first molecular phylogeny for this ubiquitous invertebrate. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data was generated from specimens collected worldwide in order to elucidate the genetic structure and diversity within this obligate rafter. Phylogeographic analyses revealed three distinct lineages that were geographically partitioned in concordance with oceanic circulation patterns. Two clades were abundant and widespread, with one displaying a circum-equatorial distribution and the other exhibiting an anti-tropical distribution throughout temperate zones of the Pacific Ocean. A third lineage based on a single Indonesian specimen was also detected, and the genetic divergences and largely allopatric distributions observed among these three clades suggest that they may represent a cryptic species complex. Long-distance dispersal in this nudibranch appears to be current-mediated, and the North-South disjunction detected within New Zealand is concordant with known marine biogeographic breaks. In contrast, populations sampled in Chile and the South Island of New Zealand displayed close phylogenetic relationships, indicating that the West Wind Drift has facilitated trans-oceanic gene flow in Fiona pinnata. All sampled individuals formed a well-supported monophyletic group that was recovered in phylogenetic analyses of several independent molecular markers. Although much ambiguity has surrounded Fiona pinnata’s taxonomic status since its original discovery in 1775, the molecular evidence of the current study confirms that this group is substantially divergent from even its closest relatives in the Fionoidea and thus upholds the systematic standing of the historically monotypic family Fionidae. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people contributed to the production of this thesis. First and foremost I must give thanks to the University of Otago for granting me an International Master’s Scholarship that made this project possible. I am also extremely grateful to my adviser, Prof. Jonathan Waters, who has been supportive every step of the way during this program; his feedback has been greatly appreciated throughout the entirety of this endeavor. Dr. Tania King has also been instrumental in my success; her guidance and patience in the lab were critical in getting this project up and running, and her troubleshooting skills were much appreciated. I am grateful to have passed through Otago’s Zoology Department and my fellow researchers in the rafting group have all contributed to my project in one way or another. I am deeply indebted to Chris Garden for always being willing to give a helping hand, whether with sample collection, data analysis, or GIS work. Laura Bussolini was also very helpful with sample collection, and I appreciate her braving seasickness in order to help me hunt for sea slugs. Raisa Nikula and Rebecca Cumming were both helpful in introducing me to the daunting world of data analysis and were always willing to lend an ear. Kim Currie, Phil Heseltine, and Bill Dickson were invaluable in their assistance in sampling, and I’m extremely appreciative that I was allowed to tag along on the RV Polaris cruises. They made every outing as smooth as could be expected, and it was always refreshing to get out in the field and see these research questions in action. All DNA sequencing was carried out at the University of Otago Genetic Analysis Services; their efficiency and cooperation made my work that much easier. Achieving global sampling of an elusive critter in under a year was a daunting task, but it was made a reality through the tremendous generosity of several people around the world. Martin Thiel was an outstanding collaborator who collected and contributed valuable specimens and went out of his way to help me in my quest for samples. Several people from all around the world went above and beyond by monitoring, collecting, organizing, and delivering samples: Richard Taylor of the University of Auckland, Yira Tibirica of Zavora Marine Lab, Yoichi Yusa of Nara Women’s University, and Marcus Eriksen of the 5 Gyres Institute. Many people from iii museums also generously provided loans of preserved specimens: Adam Baldinger of the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, Kathe Jensen of the Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen (the original 1856 Bergh specimens no less!), Rafa Araujo of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Elizabeth Kools and Terry Gosliner of the California Academy of Sciences, Wilma Blom of the Auckland War Memorial Museum, Mandy Bemis and Terry Lott of the Florida Museum of Natural History, Christine Zorn of the Museum fur Naturkunde, Ricardo Araujo of the Museu de Historia Naturales do Funchal, Janet Waterhouse and Mandy Reid of the Australian Museum, and lastly Michael Schrödl and Enrico Schwabe of the Zoologische Staatssammlung Munchen. Cory Pittman was a great help, both in collecting samples and sharing his comprehensive knowledge of Hawaii’s rafting nudibranchs. Nerida Wilson greatly encouraged my early interest in nudibranchs and has been a great mentor and co- author over the past few years; she also contributed what proved to be some of the most interesting samples in this study. Bill Rudman kindly granted me the use of some of his pictures from the Sea Slug Forum, a truly fantastic resource. Graeme Loh from the Department of Conservation also provided some outstanding photographs taken during long days of fieldwork at sea. My family has of course been influential in my academic endeavors and I appreciate their constant support for my scientific pursuits, even when they take me thousands of miles from home. Lastly, I must thank my partner, Paul Nakauchi, for his support and patience during this project, and for enduring my many nudibranch-based ramblings over the past year. This work was supported by a Marsden fund courtesy of the Royal Society of New Zealand (contract 07-UOO-099 to J. M. Waters). iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………………………………….......................................................................i Acknowledgments………………………………………………………......................ii List of Tables……………………………….…………………………………..........vii List of Figures………………………………….……………………………............viii List of Abbreviations….……………………………………………………...............ix Chapter 1: General introduction……………………………………………………1 1.1 Cosmopolitan marine species and cryptic speciation…………………….…..........1 1.2 The biogeographic importance of oceanic rafting…………………..........………..3 1.3 The natural history of the aeolid nudibranch Fiona pinnata...……………...……..6 1.4 The taxonomic uncertainty of Fiona pinnata...........................................................9 1.5 Thesis objectives....................................................................................................11 Chapter 2: Genetic structure and diversity of the pelagic nudibranch Fiona pinnata within New Zealand & Chile and the influence of the West Wind Drift on population connectivity……………………………............................................13 2.1 Abstract………………………………………………………………………......13 2.2 Introduction………………………………...………………………………..…...14 2.3 Methods………….……………………………...………………………………..16 2.3.1 Sample collection…………...………………………………………….…….16 2.3.2 DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing……………...………...21 2.3.3 Analysis of mitochondrial DNA variation……………...….…....….………..24 2.3.4 Analysis of nuclear DNA variation……...…………………………………...25 2.4 Results………………………………………………………................…………26 v 2.4.1 Mitochondrial COI variation………………………………………………....26 2.4.2 Nuclear ITS variation……………………...……………………………........31 2.5 Discussion………...…………………………………………………..…………33 2.5.1 Genetic structure of Dunedin populations……………………………..……34 2.5.2 North/South New Zealand dynamics…………………...……...……………35 2.5.3 Genetic structure of Coquimbo populations...………..……………………..36 2.5.4 Southern Hemisphere patterns……………………………………..………..36 Chapter 3: Global phylogeography, evolutionary history, and systematic status of the aeolid nudibranch Fiona pinnata…...............................................................38 3.1 Abstract...........………..………………………...………………………………..38 3.2 Introduction............................................................................................................39 3.3 Methods…………………...…………………...………………………........……41 3.3.1 Sample collection………………….……………...……………….....…........41 3.3.2 DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing…...…………..…........41 3.3.3 Analysis of global mitochondrial DNA variation……………………………44 3.3.4 Analysis of global nuclear DNA variation……….……………………...…...45 3.3.5 Phylogenetic analysis of the family Fionidae………………………………..45 3.4 Results……………………..………………………………………...………...…48 3.4.1
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Appendix to Taxonomic Revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas' Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with Correction
    http://www.natsca.org Journal of Natural Science Collections Title: Appendix to Taxonomic revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas’ Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with correction of authorities Author(s): Callaghan, E., Egger, B., Doyle, H., & E. G. Reynaud Source: Callaghan, E., Egger, B., Doyle, H., & E. G. Reynaud. (2020). Appendix to Taxonomic revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas’ Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with correction of authorities. Journal of Natural Science Collections, Volume 7, . URL: http://www.natsca.org/article/2587 NatSCA supports open access publication as part of its mission is to promote and support natural science collections. NatSCA uses the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ for all works we publish. Under CCAL authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles in NatSCA publications, so long as the original authors and source are cited. TABLE 3 – Callaghan et al. WARD AUTHORITY TAXONOMY ORIGINAL SPECIES NAME REVISED SPECIES NAME REVISED AUTHORITY N° (Ward Catalogue 1888) Coelenterata Anthozoa Alcyonaria 1 Alcyonium digitatum Linnaeus, 1758 2 Alcyonium palmatum Pallas, 1766 3 Alcyonium stellatum Milne-Edwards [?] Sarcophyton stellatum Kükenthal, 1910 4 Anthelia glauca Savigny Lamarck, 1816 5 Corallium rubrum Lamarck Linnaeus, 1758 6 Gorgonia verrucosa Pallas, 1766 [?] Eunicella verrucosa 7 Kophobelemon (Umbellularia) stelliferum
    [Show full text]
  • 15 Sea Turtle Epibiosis
    15 Sea Turtle Epibiosis Michael G. Frick and joseph B. Pfaller CONTENTS 15. I Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 399 15.2 Common Forms .................................................................................................................... 401 15.2.1 Sessile Forms ............................................................................................................ 401 15.2.2 Sedentary Forms ....................................................................................................... 401 15.2.3 Motile Forms ............................................................................................................ 401 15.3 Communities and Community Dynamics ............................................................................ 402 15.3.1 Pelagic/Oceanic Communities .................................................................................. 402 15.3.2 Benthic/Neritic Communities ................................................................................... 402 15.3.3 Obligate Communities .............................................................................................. 403 15.3.4 Community Distribution ........................................................................................... 403 15.3.5 Community Succession ............................................................................................ 404 15.4 Ecological Interactions ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Diaphorodoris Luteocincta (Sars, 1870): ¿Dos “Variedades” O Especies Diferentes?
    Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Departamento de Biología Trabajo Fin de Grado Grado en Ciencias del Mar Diaphorodoris luteocincta (Sars, 1870): ¿dos “variedades” o especies diferentes? Fernando Cortés Fossati Tutores: Pr. Dr. D. Juan Lucas Cervera Currado, Pr. Dra. Dña. Marta Pola Pérez Por ada: Fotografía modificada de Marta Pola Diaphorodoris luteocincta (Sars, 1870): ¿dos “variedades” o especies diferentes? Memoria presentada por Fernando Cortés Fossati para optar al Grado de Ciencias del Mar por la Universidad de Cádiz. Fdo.: Fernando Cortés Fossati Puerto Real, 16 de Septiembre de 2016 LA PRESENTE MEMORIA DE TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO HA SIDO TUTORIZADA POR EL PR. DR. JUAN LUCAS CERVERA CURRADO, DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CÁDIZ Y POR LA PR. DRA. MARTA POLA PÉREZ, DE LA UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID Los tutores: Fdo.: Juan Lucas Cervera Currado Fdo.: Marta Pola Pérez Puerto Real, 16 de Septiembre de 2016 ÍNDICE AGRADECIMIENTOS ...................................................................................................... 3 RESUMEN ........................................................................................................................... 7 ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... 7 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Sobre la Biodiversidad de los “Invertebrados” en el Medio Marino ................. 9 1.2 El debate acerca de la identidad
    [Show full text]
  • A Radical Solution: the Phylogeny of the Nudibranch Family Fionidae
    RESEARCH ARTICLE A Radical Solution: The Phylogeny of the Nudibranch Family Fionidae Kristen Cella1, Leila Carmona2*, Irina Ekimova3,4, Anton Chichvarkhin3,5, Dimitry Schepetov6, Terrence M. Gosliner1 1 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, 3 Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia, 4 Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 5 A.V. Zhirmunsky Instutute of Marine Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, 6 National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia a11111 * [email protected] Abstract Tergipedidae represents a diverse and successful group of aeolid nudibranchs, with approx- imately 200 species distributed throughout most marine ecosystems and spanning all bio- OPEN ACCESS geographical regions of the oceans. However, the systematics of this family remains poorly Citation: Cella K, Carmona L, Ekimova I, understood since no modern phylogenetic study has been undertaken to support any of the Chichvarkhin A, Schepetov D, Gosliner TM (2016) A Radical Solution: The Phylogeny of the proposed classifications. The present study is the first molecular phylogeny of Tergipedidae Nudibranch Family Fionidae. PLoS ONE 11(12): based on partial sequences of two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) genes and one nuclear e0167800. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167800 gene (H3). Maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis were con- Editor: Geerat J. Vermeij, University of California, ducted in order to elucidate the systematics of this family. Our results do not recover the tra- UNITED STATES ditional Tergipedidae as monophyletic, since it belongs to a larger clade that includes the Received: July 7, 2016 families Eubranchidae, Fionidae and Calmidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Norwegian Sea Slugs (Nudibranchia): New Species to Norwegian Coastal Waters and New Data on Distribution of Rare Species
    Fauna norvegica 2013 Vol. 32: 45-52. ISSN: 1502-4873 Diversity of Norwegian sea slugs (Nudibranchia): new species to Norwegian coastal waters and new data on distribution of rare species Jussi Evertsen1 and Torkild Bakken1 Evertsen J, Bakken T. 2013. Diversity of Norwegian sea slugs (Nudibranchia): new species to Norwegian coastal waters and new data on distribution of rare species. Fauna norvegica 32: 45-52. A total of 5 nudibranch species are reported from the Norwegian coast for the first time (Doridoxa ingolfiana, Goniodoris castanea, Onchidoris sparsa, Eubranchus rupium and Proctonotus mucro- niferus). In addition 10 species that can be considered rare in Norwegian waters are presented with new information (Lophodoris danielsseni, Onchidoris depressa, Palio nothus, Tritonia griegi, Tritonia lineata, Hero formosa, Janolus cristatus, Cumanotus beaumonti, Berghia norvegica and Calma glau- coides), in some cases with considerable changes to their distribution. These new results present an update to our previous extensive investigation of the nudibranch fauna of the Norwegian coast from 2005, which now totals 87 species. An increase in several new species to the Norwegian fauna and new records of rare species, some with considerable updates, in relatively few years results mainly from sampling effort and contributions by specialists on samples from poorly sampled areas. doi: 10.5324/fn.v31i0.1576. Received: 2012-12-02. Accepted: 2012-12-20. Published on paper and online: 2013-02-13. Keywords: Nudibranchia, Gastropoda, taxonomy, biogeography 1. Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway Corresponding author: Jussi Evertsen E-mail: [email protected] IntRODUCTION the main aims.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylum MOLLUSCA
    285 MOLLUSCA: SOLENOGASTRES-POLYPLACOPHORA Phylum MOLLUSCA Class SOLENOGASTRES Family Lepidomeniidae NEMATOMENIA BANYULENSIS (Pruvot, 1891, p. 715, as Dondersia) Occasionally on Lafoea dumosa (R.A.T., S.P., E.J.A.): at 4 positions S.W. of Eddystone, 42-49 fm., on Lafoea dumosa (Crawshay, 1912, p. 368): Eddystone, 29 fm., 1920 (R.W.): 7, 3, 1 and 1 in 4 hauls N.E. of Eddystone, 1948 (V.F.) Breeding: gonads ripe in Aug. (R.A.T.) Family Neomeniidae NEOMENIA CARINATA Tullberg, 1875, p. 1 One specimen Rame-Eddystone Grounds, 29.12.49 (V.F.) Family Proneomeniidae PRONEOMENIA AGLAOPHENIAE Kovalevsky and Marion [Pruvot, 1891, p. 720] Common on Thecocarpus myriophyllum, generally coiled around the base of the stem of the hydroid (S.P., E.J.A.): at 4 positions S.W. of Eddystone, 43-49 fm. (Crawshay, 1912, p. 367): S. of Rame Head, 27 fm., 1920 (R.W.): N. of Eddystone, 29.3.33 (A.J.S.) Class POLYPLACOPHORA (=LORICATA) Family Lepidopleuridae LEPIDOPLEURUS ASELLUS (Gmelin) [Forbes and Hanley, 1849, II, p. 407, as Chiton; Matthews, 1953, p. 246] Abundant, 15-30 fm., especially on muddy gravel (S.P.): at 9 positions S.W. of Eddystone, 40-43 fm. (Crawshay, 1912, p. 368, as Craspedochilus onyx) SALCOMBE. Common in dredge material (Allen and Todd, 1900, p. 210) LEPIDOPLEURUS, CANCELLATUS (Sowerby) [Forbes and Hanley, 1849, II, p. 410, as Chiton; Matthews. 1953, p. 246] Wembury West Reef, three specimens at E.L.W.S.T. by J. Brady, 28.3.56 (G.M.S.) Family Lepidochitonidae TONICELLA RUBRA (L.) [Forbes and Hanley, 1849, II, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Possible Anti-Predation Properties of the Egg Masses of the Marine Gastropods Dialula Sandiegensis, Doris Montereyensis and Haminoea Virescens (Mollusca, Gastropoda)
    Possible anti-predation properties of the egg masses of the marine gastropods Dialula sandiegensis, Doris montereyensis and Haminoea virescens (Mollusca, Gastropoda) E. Sally Chang1,2 Friday Harbor Laboratories Marine Invertebrate Zoology Summer Term 2014 1Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 2University of Kansas, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Lawrence, KS 66044 Contact information: E. Sally Chang Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas 1200 Sunnyside Avenue Lawrence, KS 66044 [email protected] Keywords: gastropods, nudibranchs, Cephalaspidea, predation, toxins, feedimg, crustaceans Chang 1 Abstract Many marine mollucs deposit their eggs on the substrate encapsulated in distinctive masses, thereby leaving the egg case and embryos vulnerable to possible predators and pathogens. Although it is apparent that many marine gastropods possess chemical anti-predation mechanisms as an adult, it is not known from many species whether or not these compounds are widespread in the egg masses. This study aims to expand our knowledge of egg mass predation examining the feeding behavior of three species of crab when offered egg mass material from three gastropods local to the San Juan Islands. The study includes the dorid nudibranchs Diaulula sandiegensis and Doris montereyensis and the cephalospidean Haminoea virescens. The results illustrate a clear rejection of the egg masses by all three of the crab species tested, suggesting anti- predation mechanisms in the egg masses for all three species of gastropod. Introduction Eggs that are laid and then left by the parents are vulnerable to a variety of environmental stressors, both biotic and abiotic. A common, possibly protective strategy among marine invertebrates is to lay encapsulated aggregations of embryos in jelly masses (Pechenik 1978), where embryos live for all or part of their development.
    [Show full text]
  • Nudibranchia: Flabellinidae) from the Red and Arabian Seas
    Ruthenica, 2020, vol. 30, No. 4: 183-194. © Ruthenica, 2020 Published online October 1, 2020. http: ruthenica.net Molecular data and updated morphological description of Flabellina rubrolineata (Nudibranchia: Flabellinidae) from the Red and Arabian seas Irina A. EKIMOVA1,5, Tatiana I. ANTOKHINA2, Dimitry M. SCHEPETOV1,3,4 1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234 Moscow, RUSSIA; 2A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninskiy prosp. 33, 119071 Moscow, RUSSIA; 3N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Vavilov str. 26, 119334 Moscow, RUSSIA; 4Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MPEI, National Research University), 111250 Krasnokazarmennaya 14, Moscow, RUSSIA. 5Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Flabellina rubrolineata was believed to have a wide distribution range, being reported from the Mediterranean Sea (non-native), the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and adjacent seas, and the Indo-West Pacific and from Australia to Hawaii. In the present paper, we provide a redescription of Flabellina rubrolineata, based on specimens collected near the type locality of this species in the Red Sea. The morphology of this species was studied using anatomical dissections and scanning electron microscopy. To place this species in the phylogenetic framework and test the identity of other specimens of F. rubrolineata from the Indo-West Pacific we sequenced COI, H3, 16S and 28S gene fragments and obtained phylogenetic trees based on Bayesian and Maximum likelihood inferences. Our morphological and molecular results show a clear separation of F. rubrolineata from the Red Sea from its relatives in the Indo-West Pacific. We suggest that F. rubrolineata is restricted to only the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea and to West Indian Ocean, while specimens from other regions belong to a complex of pseudocryptic species.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Journal, 2020, 11 (4): 861–870
    Biodiversity Journal, 2020, 11 (4): 861–870 https://doi.org/10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2020.11.4.861.870 The biodiversity of the marine Heterobranchia fauna along the central-eastern coast of Sicily, Ionian Sea Andrea Lombardo* & Giuliana Marletta Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences - Section of Animal Biology, University of Catania, via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The first updated list of the marine Heterobranchia for the central-eastern coast of Sicily (Italy) is here reported. This study was carried out, through a total of 271 scuba dives, from 2017 to the beginning of 2020 in four sites located along the Ionian coasts of Sicily: Catania, Aci Trezza, Santa Maria La Scala and Santa Tecla. Through a photographic data collection, 95 taxa, representing 17.27% of all Mediterranean marine Heterobranchia, were reported. The order with the highest number of found species was that of Nudibranchia. Among the study areas, Catania, Santa Maria La Scala and Santa Tecla had not a remarkable difference in the number of species, while Aci Trezza had the lowest number of species. Moreover, among the 95 taxa, four species considered rare and six non-indigenous species have been recorded. Since the presence of a high diversity of sea slugs in a relatively small area, the central-eastern coast of Sicily could be considered a zone of high biodiversity for the marine Heterobranchia fauna. KEY WORDS diversity; marine Heterobranchia; Mediterranean Sea; sea slugs; species list. Received 08.07.2020; accepted 08.10.2020; published online 20.11.2020 INTRODUCTION more researches were carried out (Cattaneo Vietti & Chemello, 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • PMNHS Bulletin Number 6, Autumn 2016
    ISSN 2054-7137 BULLETIN of the PORCUPINE MARINE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY Autumn 2016 — Number 6 Bulletin of the Porcupine Marine Natural History Society No. 6 Autumn 2016 Hon. Chairman — Susan Chambers Hon. Secretary — Frances Dipper National Museums Scotland 18 High St 242 West Granton Road Landbeach Edinburgh EH5 1JA Cambridge CB25 9FT 07528 519465 [email protected] [email protected] Hon. Membership Secretary — Roni Robbins Hon. Treasurer — Jon Moore ARTOO Marine Biology Consultants, Ti Cara, Ocean Quay Marina, Point Lane, Belvidere Road, Cosheston, Southampton SO14 5QY Pembroke Dock, [email protected] Pembrokeshire SA72 4UN 01646 687946 Hon. Records Convenor — Julia Nunn [email protected] Cherry Cottage 11 Ballyhaft Road Hon. Editor — Vicki Howe Newtownards White House, Co. Down BT22 2AW Penrhos, [email protected] Raglan NP15 2LF 07779 278841 — Tammy Horton [email protected] Hon. Web-site Officer National Oceanography Centre, Waterfront Campus, Newsletter Layout & Design European Way, — Teresa Darbyshire Southampton SO14 3ZH Department of Natural Sciences, 023 80 596 352 Amgueddfa Cymru — National Museum Wales, [email protected] Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NP Porcupine MNHS welcomes new members- scientists, 029 20 573 222 students, divers, naturalists and lay people. [email protected] We are an informal society interested in marine natural history and recording particularly in the North Atlantic and ‘Porcupine Bight’. Members receive 2 Bulletins per year which include proceedings
    [Show full text]
  • Ringiculid Bubble Snails Recovered As the Sister Group to Sea Slugs
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Ringiculid bubble snails recovered as the sister group to sea slugs (Nudipleura) Received: 13 May 2016 Yasunori Kano1, Bastian Brenzinger2,3, Alexander Nützel4, Nerida G. Wilson5 & Accepted: 08 July 2016 Michael Schrödl2,3 Published: 08 August 2016 Euthyneuran gastropods represent one of the most diverse lineages in Mollusca (with over 30,000 species), play significant ecological roles in aquatic and terrestrial environments and affect many aspects of human life. However, our understanding of their evolutionary relationships remains incomplete due to missing data for key phylogenetic lineages. The present study integrates such a neglected, ancient snail family Ringiculidae into a molecular systematics of Euthyneura for the first time, and is supplemented by the first microanatomical data. Surprisingly, both molecular and morphological features present compelling evidence for the common ancestry of ringiculid snails with the highly dissimilar Nudipleura—the most species-rich and well-known taxon of sea slugs (nudibranchs and pleurobranchoids). A new taxon name Ringipleura is proposed here for these long-lost sisters, as one of three major euthyneuran clades with late Palaeozoic origins, along with Acteonacea (Acteonoidea + Rissoelloidea) and Tectipleura (Euopisthobranchia + Panpulmonata). The early Euthyneura are suggested to be at least temporary burrowers with a characteristic ‘bubble’ shell, hypertrophied foot and headshield as exemplified by many extant subtaxa with an infaunal mode of life, while the expansion of the mantle might have triggered the explosive Mesozoic radiation of the clade into diverse ecological niches. The traditional gastropod subclass Euthyneura is a highly diverse clade of snails and slugs with at least 30,000 living species1,2.
    [Show full text]
  • Cirripedia of Madeira
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universidade do Algarve Helgol Mar Res (2006) 60: 207–212 DOI 10.1007/s10152-006-0036-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Peter Wirtz Æ Ricardo Arau´jo Æ Alan J. Southward Cirripedia of Madeira Received: 13 September 2005 / Revised: 12 January 2006 / Accepted: 13 January 2006 / Published online: 3 February 2006 Ó Springer-Verlag and AWI 2006 Abstract We give a list of Cirripedia from Madeira phers. The marine invertebrates have been less studied Island and nearby deep water, based on specimens in and there has been no compilation of cirripede records the collection of the Museu Municipal do Funchal for Madeira, comparable to those for the Azores (Histo´ria Natural) (MMF), records mentioned in the archipelago (Young 1998a; Southward 1999). We here literature, and recent collections. Tesseropora atlantica summarize records from Madeira and nearby deep water Newman and Ross, 1976 is recorded from Madeira for and discuss their biogeographical implications. the first time. The Megabalanus of Madeira is M. az- oricus. There are 20 genera containing 27 species, of which 22 occur in depths less than 200 m. Of these Methods shallow water species, eight are wide-ranging oceanic forms that attach to other organisms or to floating The records are based on (1) the work of R.T. Lowe, objects, leaving just 13 truly benthic shallow water who sent specimens to Charles Darwin; (2) material in barnacles. This low diversity is probably a consequence the Museu Municipal do Funchal (Histo´ria Natural) of the distance from the continental coasts and the (MMF); (3) casual collecting carried out by residents or small area of the available habitat.
    [Show full text]