Diaphorodoris Luteocincta (Sars, 1870): ¿Dos “Variedades” O Especies Diferentes?

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Diaphorodoris Luteocincta (Sars, 1870): ¿Dos “Variedades” O Especies Diferentes? Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Departamento de Biología Trabajo Fin de Grado Grado en Ciencias del Mar Diaphorodoris luteocincta (Sars, 1870): ¿dos “variedades” o especies diferentes? Fernando Cortés Fossati Tutores: Pr. Dr. D. Juan Lucas Cervera Currado, Pr. Dra. Dña. Marta Pola Pérez Por ada: Fotografía modificada de Marta Pola Diaphorodoris luteocincta (Sars, 1870): ¿dos “variedades” o especies diferentes? Memoria presentada por Fernando Cortés Fossati para optar al Grado de Ciencias del Mar por la Universidad de Cádiz. Fdo.: Fernando Cortés Fossati Puerto Real, 16 de Septiembre de 2016 LA PRESENTE MEMORIA DE TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO HA SIDO TUTORIZADA POR EL PR. DR. JUAN LUCAS CERVERA CURRADO, DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CÁDIZ Y POR LA PR. DRA. MARTA POLA PÉREZ, DE LA UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID Los tutores: Fdo.: Juan Lucas Cervera Currado Fdo.: Marta Pola Pérez Puerto Real, 16 de Septiembre de 2016 ÍNDICE AGRADECIMIENTOS ...................................................................................................... 3 RESUMEN ........................................................................................................................... 7 ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... 7 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Sobre la Biodiversidad de los “Invertebrados” en el Medio Marino ................. 9 1.2 El debate acerca de la identidad taxonómica de Diaphorodoris luteocincta .. 10 2. OBJETIVOS .................................................................................................................. 12 3. ANTECEDENTES BIBLIOGRÁFICOS .................................................................... 12 4. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS .......................................................................................... 13 4.1 Descripción de las muestras utilizadas en el presente estudio......................... 13 4.2 Metodología experimental ............................................................................... 15 4.3 Metodología de gabinete ................................................................................. 18 5. RESULTADOS .............................................................................................................. 20 6. ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ......................................................... 27 7. CONCLUSIONES ......................................................................................................... 29 8. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ........................................................................................................... 30 Anexo .................................................................................................................................. 39 Fotografía modificada de Enric Madrenas 1 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS Quería dedicar unas palabras en este trabajo y acordarme de todos vosotros, porque esto no sólo supone para mí la finalización de un Doble Grado, donde no hubiera llegado sin vuestra ayuda, sino también de una etapa muy importante en mi vida. He aprendido y evolucionado, he vivido muchas bonitas experiencias que no olvidaré, y he conocido a mucha buena gente en este camino... Los resultados de este proyecto han sido financiados por diferentes proyectos y ayudas: ASSEMBLE grant (nº 227799) para trabajar en el Laboratoire Arago de Banyuls-sur-Mer, Francia, los proyectos del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) CGL2006-05182/BOS y CGL2010-17187/BOS y de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional y Desarrollo (AECID) AECID-PCI A/8688/07 Me gustaría agradecer el apoyo a mis padres, a mi hermana, ¡a mi familia entera! (sí , incluyendo mascotas tanto vertebradas como no), a todos los que me han dicho “¡venga que ya queda poco!”, “que tú puedes” y “¡ya verás que sí!” …mis abuelos preocupados y siempre animando a su nieto, mis tíos y primos… sobre todo a mis padres, que han sido los que siempre han estado ahí conmigo para que hoy esté aquí, y siempre me han cuidado de la mejor manera incluso en los momentos “más malos” que pueda haber. Me habéis respetado mi forma de ser y mis inusuales inquietudes, me habéis hecho vivir la infancia más bonita, y… ¡aquí llegué! Sin esos cimientos… esto no podría haber pasado. Por su puesto al Nudilab. A ver, no sé qué deciros aparte de que sois, para un científico loco, unos súper- compañeros. Me alegro de haber compartido con vosotros tantas buenas vivencias, científicas y no tan científicas. Gracias a todos por hacerme sentir como en casa en el Lab durante tantos años… Ese Lab en el que cuando tenía un mal día, siempre estaba allí mi huequito para cobijarme hasta en mis peores momentos, porque estaba tan a gusto… Y ahí, en ese “cuartito” ha ido creciendo la familia, (¡como que hemos tenido que tirar un muro y todo!) hemos ido evolucionando y diversificándonos, desde las babosas marinas, planarias, pasando por anélidos, crustáceos, ¡peces!... hasta los bichos sensu estricto, ya representando el salto evolutivo a tierra firme… cuidao cuidao que la pala C nos la conquistamos de a pocos. …qué de recuerdos que me vienen a la memoria… Lucas, cuando me quedaba a hablar contigo después de las clases de Zoología y nos daban las tantas… …Patri, y nuestra mítica Party Hard con Naftaleno… ¡y las tartas!, y miles de muestreos, tanto de bichos marinos como terrestres, charlas, comidas, tu libro, la Planaria filetitus, qué de años desde que empezamos primero de Ambientales y se juntó el grupito, que de tiempo, qué de revisiones de etanol… qué de años compartidos de Lab… ¡y ya mira dónde andas! Leila, en el laboratorio con sus cascos rojos y su escritorio lleno de muñequitos y adornos, y fotos de Marilyn Monroe. Que sepas que, junto con Karen, fuisteis mis primeras compañeras de laboratorio y eso ya queda ahí para siempre. Te conocí cuando tenías mi edad ahora, qué fuerte, cuando estabas empezando el doctorado, y ya Doctora, felizmente casada, y vas a ser mami. Me alegro de que todo te esté yendo tan bien, te lo has ganado. Gracias por enviarme las muestras desde Suecia, y mandarme con cariño tus ánimos en forma de Post-It. Karen…une de mes deux premières compagnes de laboratoire. Je garde cette mémoire avec tendresse. Je me souviens de nos conversations, de ses belles vidéos de plongée et ses méduses… Naoufal, très gentil, et son boîte de cafetière plein de eppendorfs soingneusement emballès avec paraffine. Jazmín/Deneb (es como Clark Kent/Superman, la primera es la persona de a pie, la segunda es la Científica que va descubriendo) con su “¡sube fotos al iNaturalist!”. Giulia sempre così allegra, dicendomi “tu sei iperattivo!”. Chari y sus bromas todos los días. Yara e sua canção sobre os nudibrânquios, ¡Branch, Branch!. Dyana e il tutorial su come utilizzare pipette nel laboratorio di 3 molecolare, Sandra con sus peces… y nuestra compra de acciones de Google y por supuesto, esa increíble hartada de dulces que nos dimos en el desayuno en el centro de Cádiz. Josep y su cuadernillo a lo Cuarto Milenio titulado “Expendientes Secretos de Nudis”. Mikel con su estudio de fotografía para Modelos-Cangrejo. Karla e sua exclamação “Fernando!” no Laboratório de Molecular. Eu tenho que admitir que eu deixava Karla bastante nervosa…mas também rimos muito. Felipe…e seu menino com dentes…frango bonito. Obrigado por suas aulas de portuguès. Tó, um grande cientista, sábio, simpático e sorridente, para sempre "The Boss do Churrasco", rimos muito juntos quando imitou uma fada madrinha no jogo Party and Co…. e você ganhou no jogo! Obrigado por responder às minhas perguntas, por compartilhar o seu conhecimento, por este ano que você compartilhou com nós. Obrigado! Ah! Genny, du var vitne min avhengighet til sjokolade…Tonight we are young… En especial, me gustaría dedicar algo más a unas personas que se lo merecen mucho: Si alguien merece un párrafo propio, es sin duda alguna mi querido Profesor Doctor Juan Lucas Cervera Currado. Representas algo muy especial para mí. Cuando te conocí en aquel lejano 2011, primer curso de Ciencias Ambientales... Al verte a ti, como Jaz me hizo el símil un día, fue como cuando los marcianitos de Toy Story dijeron con cara de admiración “Oooooh el Gaaaaaancho”. De hecho, nunca mejor dicho, me engaché aún más a la Zoología y acabé como colaborador en tu Lab. Una de las mejores decisiones de mi vida, me lo pasaba pipa y me lo sigo pasando, y todo el párrafo anterior, el estar en un lugar de trabajo tan guay con compañeros geniales haciendo cosas chulas, es en gran parte es gracias a ti. Te admiro como Zoólogo, ya que eres un gran profesional y un sabio de verdad, que le encanta lo suyo y que disfruta con ello, y como persona. Apostaste por mis gustos zoólogos un tanto distintos (nada más, un poquito sólo) a los del Lab (…y a los del Dep. entero) confiándome la tarea de encargarme de la colección de Insectos…que con el paso de los años ya es de Artrópodos Terrestres… y sobre todo para que pudiera hacer mi proyecto sobre insectos, incluso entrevistándonos en casa de entomólogos para ello. Qué orgulloso me sentí cuando defendiste la Cátedra. ¡Te lo mereces! Muchas gracias por tu confianza, por todo tu tiempo, por ser un tutor preocupado, por tus chistes frikis, por nuestras conversaciones guays, por aguantar mis “estoy podrío” y sus consiguientes problemas técnicos, por momentos de risas, de ciencia y a veces de momentos mezcla de los dos, por ser el Catedrático más guay de tó
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