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Netizenship Sur Wikipedia Netizenship sur Wikipedia Septembre 2010 Florence Nibart Devouard [email protected] Florence Devouard - [email protected] Florence Devouard - [email protected] Une encyclopédie au service du plus grand nombre Imaginez un monde dans lequel chacun aurait libre accès à la connaissance • Une encyclopédie en ligne, créée en janvier 2001 • Plus de 15 000 000 d’articles • Multilingue (+250 langages) • Gratuite • Conditions de réutilisation peu restrictives • Encourage le lecteur à devenir un éditeur • Technologie wiki Florence Devouard - [email protected] Francis Marmande : • Wikipédia est à l'Encyclopédie de Diderot ce que le kiwi est à la truffe. • Wikipédia, c'est ça, une « !self made encyclopedia”: un festival d'erreurs de date, de jugements péremptoires, d'idées reçues, le tout tricot é selon une orthographe très personnelle, très diversifiée, à chacun la sienne. • Elle ignore donc que dans deux ans Wikipédia aura laiss é une trace aussi indélébile que le hula hoop, le Teppaz et la Juvaquatre ? Mme Wikiwiki, Francis Marmande, Le Monde , 01 février 2007, p. 2 Florence Devouard - [email protected] 330 millions de visiteurs uniques par mois (Alexa, ComScore, Nielsen) 5ème site le plus visité au monde 20% des internautes viennent sur Wikipédia Florence Devouard - [email protected] « Le but d’une encyclopédie est de rassembler les connaissances éparses sur la surface de la terre: d’en exposer le système général aux hommes avec qui nous vivons, et de les transmettre aux hommes qui viendront après nous ».-- Denis Diderot Florence Devouard - [email protected] 1st lever: learning from others 1er levier : apprendre des autres Droit à l’information De la rareté… à l’abondance… puis à l’infobésité… Florence Devouard - [email protected] 2ème levier: enseigner aux autres Personne ne sait tout mais tout le monde sait quelque chose Etre une voix active Droit à la participation à la culture Florence Devouard - [email protected] Le contenu de Wikipedia est sous licence libre • Consultation libre; 4 libertés pour l’utilisateur… • Modifications de contenu autorisées; • Distribution libre, copies illimitées; • Usage commercial autorisé (vente). MAIS … et 2 obligations • Le contenu DOIT rester libre (mentionner la licence); • La source DOIT être citée (mentionner l’ouvrage ou les auteurs). Florence Devouard - [email protected] 4ème levier: réduire, réutiliser, recycler Contenu de Wikipedia en anglais, distribué sur les xo Contenu de Wikipedia accessible sur les téléphones portables Sélection d’articles destinés aux enfants, distribué au RU, Pakistan et Afrique du Sud (projet reconduit en 2007 et 2008) • Open source: favorise le progrès à travers la coopération • Licence libre: favorise la dissémination Florence Devouard - [email protected] 3ème levier: accompagner le développement d’un esprit critique mais respecteux • Lecteurs et rédacteurs proviennent d’horizons divers • Le contenu décrit tout les points de vue significatifs, sans prise de position (NPOV) • Apprendre à vérifier et à citer ses sources • Acquisition de compétences en … négociation, recherche de consensus, résolution de conflits Cheminement vers la paix Florence Devouard - [email protected] FlorenceFlorence DevouardDevouard - [email protected] Découvrir les projets Wikimedia Wikibooks Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Wiktionary FlorenceFlorence DevouardDevouard - [email protected] Wiktionary: le dictionnaire/thésaurus • Projet de dictionnaire et thésaurus • Version la plus complète : français • Né en décembre 2002 • 100 langues • 3 millions d’entrées début 2009 http://www.wiktionary.org Florence Devouard - [email protected] Wikiquote: les citations • Répertoire de citations (+ proverbes, • 75000 pages en 50 langues en jan 2008 moyens mnémotechniques, slogans) • La version la plus développée: l’anglais • Né en juillet 2003 http://www.wikiquote.org Florence Devouard - [email protected] Wikibooks: les ouvrages pédagogiques • Fond d’ouvrages pédagogiques libres • La version la plus complète: anglais • Né en juillet 2003 • Héberge Wikijunior, ouvrages • 5000 ouvrages en 50 langues destinés aux 8-11 ans http://www.wikibooks.org Florence Devouard - [email protected] Wikimedia Commons: le fond multimédia • Médiathèque en ligne (images, • Conduit en langue anglaise sons, vidéos, textes audio…) • 7 millions de fichiers été 2010 • Né en septembre 2004 http://commons.wikimedia.org Florence Devouard - [email protected] Wikisource: le fond de texte public • Fond de textes sous licence libre ou domaine public (documents de références) • Version la plus complète: anglophone • 315 000 textes sources en janvier 2008 http://www.wikisource.org • Peuvent être traduit sur le site wikisource. Florence Devouard - [email protected] La cathédrale et le bazar «À l'opposé de la construction de cathédrales, silencieuse et pleine de vénération, la communauté paraissait plutôt ressembler à un bazar, grouillant de rituels et d'approches différentes (…) à partir duquel un système stable et cohérent ne pourrait apparemment émerger que par une succession de miracles.» Erik S. Raymond dans « !La cathédrale et le bazar !» Florence Devouard - [email protected] The user who visits Wikipedia to learn about some subject, to confirm some matter of fact, is rather in the position of a visitor to a public restroom. It may be obviously dirty, so that he knows to exercise great care, or it may seem fairly clean, so that he may be lulled into a false sense of security. What he certainly does not know is who has used the facilities before him. Former Encyclopaedia Britannica editor-in-chief Robert McHenry, about Wikipedia Florence Devouard - [email protected] Florence Devouard - [email protected] Les missions de la Wikimedia Foundation et des associations locales Héberger l es p rojets w ikimedia - Wikipedia, Wikibooks etc… - Amélioration de l’usabilité Développer la plateforme d’édition - Intégration de cartographie - « !flaggued revisions !» Soutenir la communauté - wiki rencontres - conférence annuelle Wikimania - Conférences Promouvoir les projets wikimedia - Gestion de la presse - Publication de livres Faciliter la collecte de contenu - projets de numérisation - workshops photo - CD/DVD/clé USB Faciliter la diffusion du contenu - Téléphones cellulaires - OLPC… Florence Devouard - [email protected] Wiki loves Monuments: photographier notre patrimoine architectural • Rallye-compétition organisé par Wikimedia Netherlands • Objectif: prendre en photos quelques uns des 50 000 monuments nationaux • A disposition: la liste de tous les monuments et leurs coordonnées géographiques • Photos téléversées sur Wikimedia Commons Florence Devouard - [email protected] Projet BNF-Wikisource: Préserver et accéder à des ressources littéraires • Partenariat Bibliothèque Nationale de France - Wikimedia France • Objectif: correction collaborative des versions numérisées de 1400 textes anciens • Documents hébergés sur Gallica et Wikisource Florence Devouard - [email protected] Projet « Public Policy Initiative » Améliorer la qualité des articles dans une thématique • Projet initié par la Wikimedia Foundation et financé par la Stanton Foundation ( $1.2 million ) • Objectif: développer un modèle systémique d’amélioration d’article via l’encouragement et l’accompagnement d’élèves et de la communauté éducative • Projet de 18 mois impliquant 5 universités américaines Florence Devouard - [email protected].
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