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Community and Communication
Community and 12 Communication A large, diverse, and thriving group of volun- teers produces encyclopedia articles and administers Wikipedia. Over time, members of the Wikipedia community have developed conventions for interacting with each other, processes for managing content, and policies for minimizing disruptions and maximizing use- ful work. In this chapter, we’ll discuss where to find other contributors and how to ask for help with any topic. We’ll also explain ways in which community members interact with each other. Though most discussion occurs on talk pages, Wikipedia has some central community forums for debate about the site’s larger policies and more specific issues. We’ll also talk about the make-up of the community. First, however, we’ll outline aspects of Wikipedia’s shared culture, from key philosophies about how contributors How Wikipedia Works (C) 2008 by Phoebe Ayers, Charles Matthews, and Ben Yates should interact with each other to some long-running points of debate to some friendly practices that have arisen over time. Although explicit site policies cover content guidelines and social norms, informal philosophies and practices help keep the Wikipedia community of contributors together. Wikipedia’s Culture Wikipedia’s community has grown spontaneously and organically—a recipe for a baffling culture rich with in-jokes and insider references. But core tenets of the wiki way, like Assume Good Faith and Please Don’t Bite the Newcomers, have been with the community since the beginning. Assumptions on Arrival Wikipedians try to treat new editors well. Assume Good Faith (AGF) is a funda- mental philosophy, as well as an official guideline (shortcut WP:AGF) on Wikipedia. -
L'exemple De Wikipédia Laure Endrizzi Chargée D'études Et De Recherche, Cellule Veille Scientifique Et Technologique, INRP, Lyon
La communauté comme auteur et éditeur : l’exemple de Wikipédia Laure Endrizzi To cite this version: Laure Endrizzi. La communauté comme auteur et éditeur : l’exemple de Wikipédia. Journée nationale du réseau des URFIST : Evaluation et validation de l’information sur internet, Jan 2007, Paris, France. edutice-00184888 HAL Id: edutice-00184888 https://edutice.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00184888 Submitted on 2 Nov 2007 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Journée d'études des URFIST 31 janvier 2007, Paris « Evaluation et validation de l'information sur internet » La communauté comme auteur et éditeur : l'exemple de Wikipédia Laure Endrizzi chargée d'études et de recherche, cellule Veille scientifique et technologique, INRP, Lyon Résumé L’ensemble des technologies dites 2.0 place l’usager au cœur de la création des contenus numériques tout en l’inscrivant dans une dynamique collective. Ces transformations remettent en cause le modèle éditorial traditionnel, sans offrir de représentations claires et stabilisées des modes de production et de validation qui sont à l’œuvre. Avec l’exemple de Wikipédia, nous tenterons de comprendre les mécanismes de la régulation éditoriale, pour ensuite nous interroger sur les formes d’expertise sollicitées et les figures de l’auteur. -
Wikimania 2006 Invited Speaker Biographies
Wikimania 2006 Invited Speaker has been a forceful advocate for open science and open access scientific publishing - the free release of the Biographies material and intellectual product of the scientific research. He is co-Founder of Public Library of Science Yochai Benkler is Professor of Law at Yale Law (PLoS). He serves on the PLoS board, and is an advisor School. His research focuses on commons-based to Science Commons. approaches to managing resources in networked environments. His publications include “The Wealth of Rishab Aiyer Ghosh first developed and sold free Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets” and software in 1994. He switched from writing in C and “Freedom and Coase’s Penguin, or Linux and the Nature of the assembly to English, and has been writing about the Firm”. economics of free software and collaborative production since 1994. He is the Founding Karen Christensen is the CEO of Berkshire International and Managing Editor of First Monday, the Publishing group, a reference work publisher known for most widely read peer-reviewed on-line journal of the specialty encyclopedias. Her primary responsibility is Internet, and Senior Researcher at the Maastricht bringing together global teams and building Economic Research Institute on Innovation and relationships with experts and organizations around the Technology (MERIT) at the University of Maastricht world. Karen has also served as an encyclopedia editor; and United Nations University, the Netherlands. In as coeditor on the “Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport” 2000 he coordinated the European Union -funded (June 2005) and “Global Perspectives on the United States” FLOSS project, the most comprehensive early study of (three volumes, forthcoming), and as senior editor of free/libre/open source users and developers. -
The Culture of Wikipedia
Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia Good Faith Collaboration The Culture of Wikipedia Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. Foreword by Lawrence Lessig The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Web edition, Copyright © 2011 by Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. CC-NC-SA 3.0 Purchase at Amazon.com | Barnes and Noble | IndieBound | MIT Press Wikipedia's style of collaborative production has been lauded, lambasted, and satirized. Despite unease over its implications for the character (and quality) of knowledge, Wikipedia has brought us closer than ever to a realization of the centuries-old Author Bio & Research Blog pursuit of a universal encyclopedia. Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia is a rich ethnographic portrayal of Wikipedia's historical roots, collaborative culture, and much debated legacy. Foreword Preface to the Web Edition Praise for Good Faith Collaboration Preface Extended Table of Contents "Reagle offers a compelling case that Wikipedia's most fascinating and unprecedented aspect isn't the encyclopedia itself — rather, it's the collaborative culture that underpins it: brawling, self-reflexive, funny, serious, and full-tilt committed to the 1. Nazis and Norms project, even if it means setting aside personal differences. Reagle's position as a scholar and a member of the community 2. The Pursuit of the Universal makes him uniquely situated to describe this culture." —Cory Doctorow , Boing Boing Encyclopedia "Reagle provides ample data regarding the everyday practices and cultural norms of the community which collaborates to 3. Good Faith Collaboration produce Wikipedia. His rich research and nuanced appreciation of the complexities of cultural digital media research are 4. The Puzzle of Openness well presented. -
Flags and Banners
Flags and Banners A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents 1 Flag 1 1.1 History ................................................. 2 1.2 National flags ............................................. 4 1.2.1 Civil flags ........................................... 8 1.2.2 War flags ........................................... 8 1.2.3 International flags ....................................... 8 1.3 At sea ................................................. 8 1.4 Shapes and designs .......................................... 9 1.4.1 Vertical flags ......................................... 12 1.5 Religious flags ............................................. 13 1.6 Linguistic flags ............................................. 13 1.7 In sports ................................................ 16 1.8 Diplomatic flags ............................................ 18 1.9 In politics ............................................... 18 1.10 Vehicle flags .............................................. 18 1.11 Swimming flags ............................................ 19 1.12 Railway flags .............................................. 20 1.13 Flagpoles ............................................... 21 1.13.1 Record heights ........................................ 21 1.13.2 Design ............................................. 21 1.14 Hoisting the flag ............................................ 21 1.15 Flags and communication ....................................... 21 1.16 Flapping ................................................ 23 1.17 See also ............................................... -
The First Meaning Is the Holder of the Precious Thing and Literally Translates to “Gourd”, the Second Meaning Is “Interactive Recording”
1. The name of this website comes from two Mandarin Chinese words : the first meaning is the holder of the precious thing and literally translates to “gourd”, the second meaning is “interactive recording”. We saw both definitions highly relevant to our mission. Which website? Hulu 2. The term was first coined in 1996 by a member of The Cult of The Dead Cow. The term is defined as “the use of legal and/or illegal digital tools in pursuit of political ends”: Hactivism (Hacking+ Activism) 3. Petition to include X among the UNESCO’s world heritage site, will become first digital entry in the prestigious UNESCO list, a masterpiece of human creative genius and also of universal human value: Wikipedia 4. Tie-ins via 3 games- 2010 Haiti Earthquake Relief Fund; Virtual Sugar Beets were available for purchase; October 2009- players to contribute to charitable causes: Zinga 5. Trademark owned by Hormel Foods Corporation; Approx 80 to 85% of all emails fall in this category; Digital Equipment Corporation Computers- Gery Thoerk- ARPANET-1975: Spam 6. Mike Muuss-1983- Troubleshoot; Utility-Reach ability of a host; Blogging-XML-RPC based push mechanism – updates: Ping 7. Launched in 1997: Most User Friendly Website acc to JuxtConsult 2008 ; Anupam Mittal; World’s largest matrimonial website: Shaadi.com 8. Ward Cunningham; Hawaiian-Fast or Quick; Users can add, modify or delete content: Ward Cunningham, the developer of the first wiki software, WikiWikiWeb, originally described it as "the simplest online database that could possibly work". 9. President & CEO is Satoru Iwata; Card Company 1889; Leave Luck to Heaven: Nintendo of America 10. -
Memory of the Babi Yar Massacres on Wikipedia Makhortykh, M
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Framing the holocaust online Memory of the Babi Yar Massacres on Wikipedia Makhortykh, M. Publication date 2017 Document Version Final published version Published in Digital Icons Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Makhortykh, M. (2017). Framing the holocaust online: Memory of the Babi Yar Massacres on Wikipedia. Digital Icons, 18, 67–94. https://www.digitalicons.org/issue18/framing-the- holocaust-online-memory-of-the-babi-yar-massacres/ General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:24 Sep 2021 Framing the Holocaust Online: Memory of the Babi Yar Massacres on Wikipedia MYKOLA MAKHORTYKH University of Amsterdam Abstract: The article explores how a notorious case of Second World War atrocities in Ukraine – the Babi Yar massacres of 1941-1943 – is represented and interpreted on Wikipedia. -
Netizenship Sur Wikipedia
Netizenship sur Wikipedia Septembre 2010 Florence Nibart Devouard [email protected] Florence Devouard - [email protected] Florence Devouard - [email protected] Une encyclopédie au service du plus grand nombre Imaginez un monde dans lequel chacun aurait libre accès à la connaissance • Une encyclopédie en ligne, créée en janvier 2001 • Plus de 15 000 000 d’articles • Multilingue (+250 langages) • Gratuite • Conditions de réutilisation peu restrictives • Encourage le lecteur à devenir un éditeur • Technologie wiki Florence Devouard - [email protected] Francis Marmande : • Wikipédia est à l'Encyclopédie de Diderot ce que le kiwi est à la truffe. • Wikipédia, c'est ça, une « !self made encyclopedia”: un festival d'erreurs de date, de jugements péremptoires, d'idées reçues, le tout tricot é selon une orthographe très personnelle, très diversifiée, à chacun la sienne. • Elle ignore donc que dans deux ans Wikipédia aura laiss é une trace aussi indélébile que le hula hoop, le Teppaz et la Juvaquatre ? Mme Wikiwiki, Francis Marmande, Le Monde , 01 février 2007, p. 2 Florence Devouard - [email protected] 330 millions de visiteurs uniques par mois (Alexa, ComScore, Nielsen) 5ème site le plus visité au monde 20% des internautes viennent sur Wikipédia Florence Devouard - [email protected] « Le but d’une encyclopédie est de rassembler les connaissances éparses sur la surface de la terre: d’en exposer le système général aux hommes avec qui nous vivons, et de les transmettre aux hommes qui viendront après nous ».-- Denis Diderot -
Wikimedia Commons
Wikimedia Wikis Imagine a world in which every Invented by Ward Cunningham in 1995, wikis are single person is given free access dynamic websites in which any user can edit a page, to the sum of all human know- quickly and easily, using a web browser. The name ledge. That‘s what we‘re doing. is derived from the Hawaiian word “Wikiwiki”, -- Jimmy Wales meaning fast. Wikis use a simple formatting lan- Wikimedia is an international non-profit organisa- guage anyone can learn in just a few minutes. For tion dedicated to the development and distribu- example, to italicise text, surround it with two tion of free multilingual content. It hosts various apostrophes; use three for bolded text, and en- free-content projects, most notably Wikipedia, the close a word in two brackets ([[]]) to create a link award-winning online encyclopædia. Other online to another page in the wiki. projects include Wiktionary, a multilingual diction- ary; Wikibooks, a collection of free-content text- books; Wikiquote, a repository of famous quotes; and Wikisource, a repository for primary-source materials. The Wikimedia Foundation was set up in June 2003 to serve and develop the necessary infrastructure for the constantly growing projects. It owns the Wikimedia servers and covers bandwidth and hosting costs. In Germany, France and Italy, local Wikimedia chapters have been founded to support and promote the projects on a national level. Wiki- media is run mostly by volunteer staff and relies entirely on public donations and grants to meet its goal of providing free knowledge to every person in the world. -
Relative Quality Assessment of Wikipedia Articles in Different Languages Using Synthetic Measure *
Relative Quality Assessment of Wikipedia Articles in Different Languages Using Synthetic Measure * Włodzimierz Lewoniewski, Krzysztof Węcel Poznań University of Economics and Business, Poland {wlodzimierz.lewoniewski,krzysztof.wecel}@ue.poznan.pl Abstract. Online encyclopedia Wikipedia is one of the most popular sources of knowledge. It is often criticized for poor information quality. Articles can be created and edited even by anonymous users independently in almost 300 languages. Therefore, a difference in the information quality in various language versions on the same topic is observed. The Wikipedia community has created a system for assessing the quality of articles, which can be helpful in deciding which language version is more complete and correct. There are several issues: each Wikipedia language can use own grading scheme and there is usually a large number of unevaluated articles. In this paper, we propose to use a synthetic measure for automatic quality evaluation of the articles in different languages based on important features. Keywords: Wikipedia, article quality, synthetic measure, wikirank. 1 Introduction The social nature of Web 2.0 services offers almost all users the same freedom to contribute. Wikipedia one of the best examples of online collaborative human knowledge on the Web. This online encyclopedia has more than 44 million articles in almost 300 language editions.1 English version is the biggest and have more than 5,4 million articles. There are other language versions, which consist over million articles, e.g. German, French, Russian, Polish. There are systems of grades for article quality in Wikipedia and particular language version can use own assessment standard [1]. -
Wikimedia Commons
Wikimedia Wikis Imagine a world in which every Invented by Ward Cunningham in 1995, wikis are single person is given free access dynamic websites in which any user can edit a page, to the sum of all human know- quickly and easily, using a web browser. The name ledge. That‘s what we‘re doing. is derived from the Hawaiian word “Wikiwiki”, -- Jimmy Wales meaning fast. Wikis use a simple formatting lan- Wikimedia is an international non-profit organisa- guage anyone can learn in just a few minutes. For tion dedicated to the development and distribu- example, to italicise text, surround it with two tion of free multilingual content. It hosts various apostrophes; use three for bolded text, and en- free-content projects, most notably Wikipedia, the close a word in two brackets ([[]]) to create a link award-winning online encyclopædia. Other online to another page in the wiki. projects include Wiktionary, a multilingual diction- ary; Wikibooks, a collection of free-content text- books; Wikiquote, a repository of famous quotes; and Wikisource, a repository for primary-source materials. The Wikimedia Foundation was set up in June 2003 to serve and develop the necessary infrastructure for the constantly growing projects. It owns the Wikimedia servers and covers bandwidth and hosting costs. In Germany, France and Italy, local Wikimedia chapters have been founded to support and promote the projects on a national level. Wiki- media is run mostly by volunteer staff and relies entirely on public donations and grants to meet its goal of providing free knowledge to every person in the world. -
Stepan Bandera Through the Lens of Quantitative Memory Studies
Scraping the Monumental: Stepan Bandera through the Lens of Quantitative Memory Studies ROLF FREDHEIM, GERNOT HOWANITZ, MYKOLA MAKHORTYKH University of Cambridge, University of Passau, University of Amsterdam Abstract: In this article we use the example of Stepan Bandera to demonstrate the effective- ness of web-scraping methods as a tool to explore how people interact with memory content online. Using data from Wikipedia, Twitter and YouTube, we analyse the traces left by users interested in Stepan Bandera and assess how these differ between Ukraine, Russia and Po- land. Applying data mining and content analysis to data traditionally analysed from a purely qualitative perspective, we show how Polish content about Bandera follows completely dif- ferent patterns in comparison to Ukrainian and Russian debates. Our tools, made available online, also include attempts at analysing video content. Keywords: Wikipedia, Twitter, YouTube, memory studies, data mining, content analysis, dig- ital humanities, Eastern Europe ho is Stepan Bandera? The answer – as often happens with controversial historical W figur es – depends on whom you ask. Bandera, a leader of the Ukrainian nationalist movement during the Second World War, was already controversial during his lifetime. In the Soviet Union he was branded as a Nazi collaborator; Ukrainian émigrés praised him as a fearless independence fighter.1 The existing scholarship features a variety of interpretations: from Nazi collaborator, terrorist and instigator of ethnic cleansings to national hero, fearless resistance leader and martyr2. Consequently, it is hard to disagree with David Marples, who argued that the name of ‘Bandera’ provokes an emotional reaction simply by its utterance (Marples 2006: 555).