Women's Identities in Vojvodina: 1920-1930

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Women's Identities in Vojvodina: 1920-1930 Women’s Identities in Vojvodina: 1920-1930 Women’s Identities in Vojvodina: 1920-1930 Vojvodina: in Identities Women’s Svenka Savić, ed. Serie: Oral Histories, 11 Publisher Futura publikacije Novi Sad, dr Zorana Ðinđića 2 Cover design: Relja Dražić Photos: Ana Lazukić isbn 86-7188-059-1 CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Библиотека Матице српске, Нови Сад 929-055.2(497.113)(047.53) 394-055.2(497.113)(047.53) WOMEN’S Identities in Vojvodina: 1920-1930 / ed. Svenka Savić.- Novi Sad : Futura publikacije, 2006 (Novi Sad : Futura publikacije).- 127 str. : ilustr. ; 24 cm. – (Oral histories ; 11) Tekst na engl. i nem. Jeziku. – Tiraž 300. – Str. 5-6: Foreword / Svenka Savić. ISBN 86-7188-059-1 1. Savić, Svenka a) Žene – Vojvodina – Intervjui COBISS.SR-ID 215301383 Women’s Identities in Vojvodina: 1920-1930 Ed. Svenka Savić Novi Sad, 2006, Futura publikacije Contents Foreword 5 Ana (1921) 7 Magda (1922) 23 Pavica (1923) 51 Elza (96) 8 Vera (97) 05 Mirjam (99) 5 Foreword This book presents the life stories of six women of different ethnic backgrounds from Vojvodina who were born between 1920 and 1930, in the first decade following the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, the First World War and the inclusion of Vojvodina in the newly formed Yugoslavia of 1918. This period is significant for Vojvodina, which under Austria-Hungary had been (and continues to be) the home of a diverse population for two and a half centuries. The diversity of the region was the backdrop against which the women in this book were born and spent their childhood. Each of the featured stories serves both as an example of an individual life and as a model for many similar destinies in Vojvodina. The common thread which binds them together is the formation of personal identity in such a social context. The featured women were born in different places in Vojvodina, some multilingual (Novi Sad, Sombor, Pančevo), some predominantly monolingual (Senta remains predominantly Hungarian, while Perlez is mostly Serbian). They have an awareness of their identities: multicultural, multilingual, ethnically and religiously tolerant. For example, Mirjam is Jewish (by her father), her first language is Hungarian (from her mother), and she is equally familiar with the Catholic and Jewish faiths. She did not ascribe the highest importance to her own ethnicity, but after being sent to a concentration camp for being Jewish, and because of the anti-Semitism which was still deeply engrained in our society both before and after the decade in which she was born, she is sensitive to the anti-Semitism she has experienced throughout her life, regardless of which social structure prevailed at different periods in Vojvodina (monarchy, socialism after WWII and today’s neo-capitalism). Vera and Magda present similar examples (Hungarian as native language, Jewishness as the deciding factor in their personal fates—concentration camps, persecution, personal incidents). All of them demonstrate a strong sense of belonging to the Vojvodina region—a place of many layers and many voices in which they too speak with one voice about difference and diversity. The Life Stories of Women in Vojvodina project was initiated by the NGO for Women’s Studies and Research in Novi Sad (Vojvodina) in 1998 as a long- term undertaking which aimed to gather field data from women of different ethnic backgrounds and create a database for further use in studies and research. To date, we have collected some 150 life stories from women in Vojvodina and published parts of the material in several books: Vojvođanke (‘Women of Vojvodina’, Serbian); Romkinje (‘Roma Women’, in Serbian, English and Romany); Slovakinje (‘Slovakian Women’, in Slovakian); Rusinke (‘Ruthenian Women’, in Ruthenian; Mađarice (‘Hungarian Women’, in Hungarian); while another volume on Croatian women is being prepared 5 for publication in 2006. The present book forms part of the same project, and the six featured stories demonstrate the idea we wish to affirm—the multilayered identity of women, a category that underlies the life experiences of the entire community of Vojvodina. These individual life experiences are part of the intellectual tradition of Vojvodina, which—more than other regions of Serbia—is tolerant of differences. We can see this best in the women’s own work and production: Magda’s literary and political legacy; Vera’s many fruitful years as a pianist; Pavica’s outstanding potential in linguistics. At times it can be difficult to measure the contribution of an individual with such a multilayered identity to her community’s worldview and understanding. It may seem that such a category cannot be measured with the tools of sociology and psychology. But personal stories are an effective tool for making sense of the reality of the other. The narratives themselves are convincing proof that events can be turned to good purpose. This is the key to understanding these individual life stories, brought together in this book under a single title. Thank you to all who have participated in the project from 1998 till now, to all the students and coworkers at the Women’s Studies, a group of 90 people all together— a strong community of women, some who told their stories and others (mostly the younger ones) who listened and took them down. This book can be said to represent a new type of women’s experience. Thank you to Ana, Magda, Pavica, Elza, Vera and Mirjam, who told me their life stories and trusted me to convey them to others. My thank to the translators for making the stories available to readers in English (Edita Jankov, Jasna Trifunović) and German (Zoran Velikić). Svenka Savić Novi Sad, August 2006 6 Anna (1921), Pančevo Erzählen Sie mir über Ihre Kindheit, die Sie in der Vojvodina verbracht haben. Wo sind Sie geboren? – In Pančevo, in einundzwanzig. Wir sind Donauschwaben. Deutsche die Maria Teresia in der Vojvodina angesiedelt hat, der Donau ent- lang noch vor dreihundert Jahren. Da haben wir auch gelebt, dort sind alle unsere Vorfahren, dort sind auch wir, und auch unsere Kinder geboren. Dort in Pančevo haben wir niemand mehr. Au- ßer dem Grab haben wir nichts. Außer Mutters Grab. Unser Vater ist im Jahr fünfund- sechzig nach Deutschland ausgewandert und dort hat er siebzehn Jahre lang gelebt und dort ist er gestor- ben. Die Mutter ist in zwei und vierzig an Krebs gestorben während der Deutschen Zeit . Und dann fing unser schweres Leben an. Alles ging dann bergab. Mein Vater war neun Jahre jünger als meine Mutter und dann hat er wieder geheiratet. Wir haben das damals nicht verstehen können, aber jetzt verstehe ich, daß er nicht allein hat bleiben können. Meine Schwester war verheiratet, wir sind nur meine Schwester und ich. Es fiel uns sehr schwer, es zu verstehen. Ich war damals einundzwanzig Jahre alt, da waren die Wunden noch viel zu offen und so konnte ich mir keine andere Frau anstelle meiner Mutter vorstellen. Diese andere Mutter war Serbin. Wir waren nicht dagegen, weil sie Serbin war, sondern weil sie sich in die Ehe meiner Eltern gemischt hat. Sie war da dazwischen, und wir als erwachsene Kinder wußten es und darum haben wir sie so schwer angenommen. Sie hat sich in die Ehe meiner Eltern eingemischt und das hat uns als Kinder sehr schwer getroffen. Und als sich dann mein Vater entschloß gerade diese Frau zu heiraten, dann war sie uns Kindern gegenüber sehr boshaft, weil sie hatte ihre eigene Kinder. Da haben wir das erste mal eine echte Stiefmutter erlebt,von der man in Büchern lesen kann über die böse Stiefmutter. Sie hat sich nur um ihre eigenen Kinder gekümmert. Meine Schwester war damals verheiratet und ich ging dann aus dem Haus zu ihr. Und ich weiß, daß das meinen Vater sehr getroffen hat. Meine Mutter und Vater haben uns ihr ganzes Leben gewidmet. Wir mußten im Hause nie etwas arbeiten. Mein Vater hat gesagt: „Ihr müßt alles sehen, aber bei mir müßt ihr nicht arbeiten“. Und jetzt könnt 7 ihr mich hinstellen wo immer ihr wollt, und ich werde euch alles machen können. Aber meine Mutter war eine großartige Mutter. Sie haben sehr schwere Jahre gehabt, ihre Mutter ist gestorben und sie mußte in Dienst gehen. Sie hat immer gesagt: „Ich will, daß meine Kinder so leben, wie das die Kinder meiner Herrschaft haben. Sie war bei einem Apotheker in Dienst, und von früherster Jugend auf bis zu neun und zwanzig Jahre, als sie sich mit meinem Vater verheiratete. Sie hat das nicht nur gesagt, sondern wir wissen auch, was sie alles für uns getan hat. Wir mußten nicht einmal Geschirr abwaschen, aber unser Vater hat uns angestellt, damit wir wissen, daß das Leben nicht rosarot ist und daß der Mensch um sein Leben kämpfen muß und bereit sein muß,für alle Schwierigkeiten, die uns treffen werden. Und das hat auch auf uns gewartet. Seit ich verheirat bin, und mein Mann vom Militär nach Hause kam, ist uns nichts je in den Schoß gefallen. Wir mußten alles schwer erkämpfen, dank dieser unserer Eltern. Meine Mutter ist an Krebs gestorben. Meine Schwester war verheiratet, und ich habe meine Mutter acht Monate lang gepflegt, habe Tag und Nacht neben ihr verbracht. Als Sie in die Schule gegangen sind, haben Sie auf Ungarisch gelernt? – Nein. Wir waren Deutsche. In Pančevo gab es eine Schule, die deutsche Kinder besuchten, in der Altstadt wohnten nur Deutsche. Es wohnten mit uns auch Ungarn. In der Schule war Deutsch die Pflichtsprache, aber Pflicht war auch die serbische Spra- che. Der Unterricht war in Deutsch und Serbisch, zweisprachig. So habe ich die Grund- schule abgeschlossen. Dann bin ich in die Mädchensgewerbeschule gegangen. Die besteht jetzt nicht mehr. Das ist, wissen Sie, eine Mädchengewerbeschule, wo Nähen, Zuscheiden, Re- ligionsunterricht und all die anderen Grundfächer gelehrt werden, die es sonst in den Schulen gibt, bis zur dritten Klasse und dann haben wir uns für eine Fachschule ent- schließen können.
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