Fordham Urban Law Journal Volume 20 | Number 3 Article 1 1993 Considering Lead Poisoning as a Criminal Defense Deborah W. Denno Fordham University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ulj Part of the Criminal Law Commons Recommended Citation Deborah W. Denno, Considering Lead Poisoning as a Criminal Defense, 20 Fordham Urb. L.J. 377 (1993). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ulj/vol20/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Urban Law Journal by an authorized editor of FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. CONSIDERING LEAD POISONING AS A CRIMINAL DEFENSE Deborah W. Denno* I. Introduction No doubt, Frank XI stood apart from his peers. At age twenty- three, he already had an extensive criminal record: twenty-seven offi- cially recorded offenses asa juvenile and ten offenses as an adult. His first recorded offense was for truancy at age ten. From ages twelve to twenty-two, he had at least two and as many as six recorded offenses every year. These offenses included robbery, assault, theft, and re- peated disorderly conduct. Frank was a subject in the "Biosocial Study," one of this country's largest "longitudinal" studies of biological, sociological, and environ- mental predictors of crime.2 A longitudinal study analyzes the same group of individuals over a period of time.' The Biosocial Study is unique because it analyzed numerous variables relating to a group of nearly one thousand males and females during the first twenty-four years of their lives: from the time the subjects' mothers were admitted into the same Philadelphia hospital to give birth until the subjects' twenty-fourth birthday.