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Vmsg Abstract Book V-VMSG Annual General Meeting 6-8 January 2021 Abstract book CODE OF CONDUCT FOR MEETINGS AND EVENTS The Volcanic & Magmatic Studies Group is a Special Interest Group joint between the Geological Society of London and Mineralogical Society. These learned societies are signatories to the Science Council Declaration on Diversity, Equality and Inclusion. Through their members, the Geological Society of London and Mineralogical Society have a duty in the public interest to provide a safe, productive and welcoming environment for all participants and attendees of meetings, workshops, and events regardless of gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, race, ethnicity, religion, disability, physical appearance, or career level. The Volcanic & Magmatic Studies Group has worked with the Geological Society of London and Mineralogical Society on Code of Conduct policies. These are available from https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/codeofconduct and https://www.minersoc.org/code-of- conduct.html. The Code of Conduct outlined below specifically applies to all participants in Volcanic & Magmatic Studies Group activities, including ancillary events and social gatherings. The Volcanic & Magmatic Studies Group expects all participants -- including, but is not limited to, attendees, speakers, volunteers, exhibitors, staff, service providers and representatives to outside bodies -- to uphold the principles of this Code of Conduct. 1. Behaviour The Volcanic & Magmatic Studies Group aims to provide a constructive, supportive and professionally stimulating environment for all its members. Participants of VMSG meetings and events are expected to behave in a professional manner at all times. 2. Unacceptable Behaviour Harassment and/or sexist, racist, or exclusionary comments or jokes are not appropriate and will not be tolerated. Harassment includes sustained disruption of talks or other events, inappropriate physical contact, sexual attention or innuendo, deliberate intimidation, stalking, and photography or recording of an individual without consent. It also includes offensive comments related to gender, sexual orientation, disability, physical appearance, body size, race or religion. 3. Breach of the Code of Conduct Anyone requested to stop unacceptable behaviour is expected to immediately cease and desist. If an incident of prohibited conduct occurs either within or outside the premises during a meeting or event, then the aggrieved person or witness to the prohibited conduct is encouraged to report it promptly to a member of the Volcanic & Magmatic Studies Group Committee or meeting organizing committee either in person or via email. Once the Volcanic & Magmatic Studies Group is notified, the committee member will discuss the details first with the individual filing the complaint, then any witnesses who have been identified, and then the alleged offender before determining an appropriate course of action. Actions in response to breaching this Code of Conduct will range from a verbal warning to immediate removal from the meeting or activity without refund of registration fee. The Volcanic & Magmatic Studies Group also reserve the right to prohibit attendance at any future meeting or other societysponsored event. Confidentiality will be maintained to the extent that it does not compromise the rights of others. 1 Table of contents Code of Conduct…..........................................................page 1 Joining Instructions…………………………………………page 2 Keynotes (by presentation order)………………………....page 3 Talks and Flash talks (alpha by first name)……………...page 15 Joining instructions Once joined via the Zoom link you have received, please ensure that your microphone and video are off. You can do this through the microphone and video icons on the lower left of your screen. To rename yourself, you can click on the three dots on your picture, or open the participants list and click on “more”. Please include your first and last name, and a short affiliation. If you would like to ask a question, you can use the raise hand feature at the bottom of the participants list menu. 2 Keynote: The rheology of magma and lava – upwards and onwards! Ed Llewellin (Durham University)* *[email protected] Magma is one of the most physically complex materials in the natural world. As a parent silicate melt moves through the magmatic and volcanic system, it decomposes into a multiphase mixture of crystals, bubbles, and liquid. The proportions and properties of the phases undergo dramatic changes in response to changes in pressure, temperature, strain, and with the passage of time. Consequently, the rheology of magma and lava is both complex and dynamic. Understanding and quantifying this rheology is, nonetheless, essential for all aspects of physical volcanology, since rheology dictates the response of magma and lava to the stresses that drive it through the crust and over the ground. Decades of research into multiphase rheology – much of it driven by the volcanological community – has brought us to the point where rheological models that are general, theoretically-grounded, and experimentally-validated are available only for two-phase systems of low to intermediate suspended fraction. Whilst considerable progress has been made towards understanding and characterising more complex systems, there is much work left to do. In this contribution, I will explore recent and ongoing work at the frontier of the discipline, addressing three-phase systems, highly-concentrated systems, and systems that are out of equilibrium. I will consider the role that emerging experimental and numerical technologies are playing in pushing the frontier. Finally, I will offer a personal view of the disciplinary priorities for the new decade, as we work towards a more complete and general understanding of the rheology of magma in its natural complexity. 3 Keynote on reservoir and emplacement processes: 3D seismic Imaging of the buried Erlend Shield Volcano Faye Walker (University of Aberdeen) Understanding the nature and growth of magmatic plumbing systems is fundamental to the study of igneous geology. However, although extensive study of modern shield volcanoes (e.g. Hawaii and Iceland) has provided detailed understanding of the surface processes associated with basaltic volcanism, our knowledge of the internal 3D structure of volcanic edifices and their plumbing systems is comparatively poor. We cannot observe such systems directly, and have generally relied on outcrops, seismic tomography and theoretical modelling, which are all useful but cannot provide a complete and detailed view. Here we present the first high-resolution 3D reconstruction of a subsurface shield volcano and its magmatic plumbing system in the Faroe-Shetland Basin, revealed by careful mapping using new high-quality 3D seismic data. The plumbing system comprises a large laccolithic complex which appears to have fed hundreds of radially-distributed sills, overlain by a conduit structure containing numerous stacked sills. The images give hitherto unprecedented 3D access to the sub- volcanic plumbing system of a shield volcano. 4 Keynote on volcanic histories: The utility of plutonic xenoliths and lavas for imaging magmatic systems Michal Camejo-Harry (The University of the West Indies), Elena Melekhova (University of Bristol), Jon Blundy (University of Oxford ), Richard Robertson (The University of the West Indies), Thomas Christopher(The University of the West Indies, Montserrat Volcano Observatory) Volcano behaviour is ultimately a surface expression of the dynamics of magmatic systems in the underlying crust. It is now well recognised that most volcano plumbing systems are vertically extensive consisting of crystalline mushes separated by transiently interconnected accumulations of melt. Although technological advancements have made the imaging of sub- volcanic systems possible through geophysical surveys, the acquisition of such measurements is not always readily available. Petrological and geochemical observations of volcanic deposits provide an alternate and complementary means of retrospectively imaging the configuration of magmatic systems and their internal conditions. Plutonic xenoliths sample the crystalline roots of magmatic systems while lavas derive from shallow eruptible magma storage reservoirs. We draw insights from a case study of albeit inactive volcanic island of Bequia, Lesser Antilles, an arc distinguished by unusually abundant plutonic xenoliths and diverse lava compositions. Petrographical and geochemical analyses of these rocks show widespread disequilibrium textures and broad mineral compositional ranges. Bulk compositions of xenoliths deviate from the liquid line of descent of lavas supporting a cumulate origin with varying degrees of reactive infiltration by evolved hydrous melts, preserved as melt inclusions in xenolith crystals. Volatile saturation pressures in melt inclusions indicate xenolith crystallization over a 162–571 MPa pressure range under conditions of high dissolved water contents (up to 8 wt% H2O), consistent with other thermobarometric estimates. Phase assemblages of xenoliths are consistent with published experimental data on volatile-saturated low-magnesium and high- alumina basalts and basaltic andesite from the Lesser Antilles at pressures of 200–1000 MPa, temperatures of 950–1050 °C and dissolved H2O contents of 4–7 wt%. Once extracted from mid-crustal mushes, residual melts ascend to higher levels and undergo H2O-saturated crystallization in shallow, pre-eruptive reservoirs
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