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SectionBrachysolenia is raisedhere to the genericlevel and its name shortenedto make it easier to pronounce. The new genusbelongs in Lamiaceaesubfamily Prostantheroideae(often previously referredto by its synonym Chloanthoideae)and appearsto be somewhatintermediate in morphology betweenthe two tribes Chloantheaeand Westringieae.However the molecular data (Olmstead€r dl 1999) clearly place the genusin tribe Choantheae.

Taxonomy

Brachysola Rye, aom, et stat, noy.

Chloanthessect. Brachysolenia F. Muell. (Mueller 1876: 14-15). - Pityrodia sect.Brachysolenia (F. Muell.) E. Pritz. (Diels & Pritzel 1904:515).Type: Chloanthes halganiaceaF.Mrcll.l=Brachysolq halganiacea (F. Muell.) Ryel.

Shrubs wtth non-glandular stellate hairs on the stems and leaves,and with a mixture of non- glandularstellate hairs and simple glandularhairs on vegetativepafis of the inflorescence and on the outside of the flowers; stellatehairs with the branchesspreading and usually longer than the patent stalk; glandularhairs patent, the stalk comprisedofa numberof largecells, the terminal gland forming a capitateapex. young stemstercte, densely hairy. Learresopposite or in near-whorls,sessile, densely hairy on undersurface,Inflorescence aterminal panicleof 1-7-flowered cymes. Caly;r5Jobed, with a similar indumentumto that ofthe pedicelsoutside and distally inside(on the upperpart of the lobes), glabrousinside the tube and baseof the lobes,persistent in fruit but scarcelyenlarged; lobes more or lesstriangular, aboutas long asorlongerthan the tube,acute. CorollaS-lobecl,broaderthan long when fully opened,largely bluish purple with the basemore deeply coloured sunounding a yellow viscid cente; tube shorterthan the lobes, with a narrow tubular baseand a broad spreadingupper portion, glabrousinside; lobes spreading,the lowest (abaxial)one largest,the other two pairs of lobes about equal,variable in shape,commonly broadly ovateto broadly obovate,obtuse. Stamens4, somewhat didynamous,the lowerpair usually with a slightly longer filament than the upperpair, insefiedalmost at the base of the corolla within the nanow basal portion of the tube, glabrous, yellowt filament somewhatthickened above the middle but otherwise filiform; anther of two broad parallel lobes, dorsifixed nearthe base,lacking appendages,each lobe longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 4-celled,with I ovule in eachcell, glabrous,with scatteredsessile glands on the summit, dark puryle. So,lsterminal, arising at sumrnit of ovary but its insertion point becoming exceededby the 4 fruitlets surrounding it atmatudty,long-exserted,filiform,2-lobed at apex,glabrous, purplish; lobes closely adherent at first, separatingat maturity, eachwith a terminal stigma. Fruit a schizocxp, distinctly 4lobed, separating into four l-seededfruitlets (medcarps),enclosed in the calyx; mericarpsindehiscent, hard, the outer surfacereticulate-pattemed and brown tuming to black, with a paler hard compartmenton the inside enclosingsoft tissue;seeds somgwhat flattened and strongly incurved aroundthe inner compartment, soft, white.

Sizeand distribution A genusof two species,restricted to the south-westofWestem Australia. It occurs in the central-eastempart ofthe SouthWest Botanical Proyinceand in the westem part of the South- westem Interzone,its northemmostknown extent not fi south of the EremeanBotanical Province, Figure I shows the distributionsof both species.

Etymology. From the Greek words Drachy.r- short and solen * pipe or channel, referring to the short tubular basalportion of the floral tube. To make it lesscumbersome, this namehas been shortened by removal of two syllablesfrom Brachysoleniato Brachysola, 'sarcedsadfl eq1;o uolldlr3sapaql 8ul^{olloJe8?d lxeu eql uo euol?Jsedd? ol suedd?q '(€01, lErDalou ? ur ue^r8 sr lr s? pelooFe,ro ,(gpzers1 uoDtes ,{eu eql Jo uondutsap Jeuq eql rnq :1661)uuurdeq3fqpel?rlpqs?'lo^u!'wouetous\'lpnlN'lmuEost%zDrq'tressaquoolq)'satoN

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SrnceBrachysola has previously been placed in Chloqnthes and.Pityrodia, a list of the main morphological differences between Brachysola and the Pityrodia group is given in Table I to emphasizehow inappropriatethat placementwas. In view of the great morphological variability in the Pityrodia group, the number of clear-cutdifferencas in the table is surprisingly large and leaves no doubt as to the distinctivenessof Brachysola.

Table 1. Morphological differences between Brachysola and ihe PiSrodia group (including Chloanthe s rnd H emiohora\.

Character Brachysola Pityrodia group branched hairs stellate dendritic corolla shape widely spreading more tubular indumentum inside absent present stamen inse ion very nearbase towards centre of tube anthers attachment nearbase almost central basal appendage absent presenl oYary glabrous hairy fruit number of fruitlets 4 2 (or fruit indehiscent) style insertion in central depression at summit fruitlet core with a compartment simple

AlthoughBrachysola is placedin tribe Chloantheae,it is somewhatintermediate in its morphology between this tribe and tdbe Westringieae. It matchestribe Westringieaein its fruit, with the style insertedin a depressionbetween 4 fruitlets, whereasmembers of tribe Chloantheaehave a fruit that is either indehiscentor separatinginto 2 fruitlets, which areunited at first fully or almost to the surnmit, with the style arising at the summit. Several genera incl]udingHemigenia R. Br. have fruitlets specializedfor myrmecocorousdispersal. They have a hard compartmentattached to the inside-base of each fruitlet containing readily accessiblefleshy tissue attractive to ants, this elaiosomelike stucture being separatedby a hard wall from the soft white seed,which is hidden and protectedinside the fruitlet. In thesegenera of tribe Westringieaethe elaiosome-likestructure is derived from the receptacle,one of severalorgans that have been known to develop this function in Australian plant groups(Berg 1975).Brachysolaappears to havethe remnants ofa similaradaptationbutwith the fleshy tislue reducedand fully encasedso that it is no longer accessibleto ants. Its compafiment is located centrallyon theinner surfaceofthefruitlets, notnearthebaseasinHemigenia,socould have asomewhat different origin.

In its inflorescenceBrachysola is closer to generaof tribe Chloantheae,which commonly have cymesin a variety ofarrangements,than to tribe Westringieaewith its mostly racemoseinflorescences. CyanostegiaTurcz.of the former tribe hasthe sametype ofinflorescenceas Bracftysola but looser,and alsoshows the closestapproach to Braclrysolain its stamens,with the anthersimilarbutmore elongate. Cyqnostegiais readily distinguishedby its persistentenlarged calyx of fused sepals,which bears a superficialresemblance to the Brochysola corolla in its shape,size and colour. The Pityrodia group (including Chloanthes and Hemiphora) differs from Brcc&ysola in having the anthers more centrally 'ec€InsJepun 'paluudes pup lsJrJl€ acepns:eddn uo os Flesuepssal uo .&pq-ate1a1s,{lasuep 1a,tr ,{leuorseJcolnq eJuyns:apuneqt 3urp1q.{1e3:e1puu qt8ual:1aq1;o ged:o; tseellu ula^prurlE Sur1oeru 'etnlor'er tsourF,{IIEnsn ol parunca:,{l8uoJlssulSrelu eql'uItu E-L'QYZ'-VI'eN^oqo,4l,t\ou€u,(Je^ ol 'sapou '.pelJoq,,\1, e1u,ro,{1.,wo:reu ,4ra,t ro J"euq luecefpe1o asoq qt1,t 3ul]€ualF .slJoq^l,aql se^"el '(JI"d 311rs5lsee1 1e S,{e.^aIE tnq paSuu:u ,(I:ep8o!r leqleJ seruDaulos Jaqlo eql ueqt reqStq,{pcupslp '?uo1uru ro ,{pq311sse,reel;o:rud auo) t Jo slloq,t-reeu ur fpsour ro 1p flpnsn sama'1 p'1-y'g 's1ac 'ssueJseJogul (I e8rel ht qtl,t,rsreq ru1npuu13:e:aq.trasla regoqs f,psoru eql uo SuoI uu 'q8tq ueqt sself,1pnsn 1nq) g 1 o1dn s:leq elEllals:qAIq u€qt rapuo:q uego u (6'O)L0-Z'0 qwqs

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NuytsiaVol. 13, No. 2 (2000) usuallybecomingglabrous orpartially glabrous,usually with scatteredsessile glands and occasionally with a few shortglandularhairson uppersurface oron midvein ofundersurface;stellatehairs very fine, sometimesof distinct sizes,with brancheshorizontal or slightly reflexed, shortel than the stemhails but sometimesbroader. Paniclc (50)80-160 mm long, 30-85 mm wide at the base,the cymesmostly or at leastSome ofthem arrangedin near-whorlsof 4 similar to the arrangementofthe leaves,densely stellate-hairyand with scatteredto fairly numerousglandular hairs on the main axis, branchesand pedicels;bracteoles 2-3 mm long, shorterthan the bractsat the summit ofthe cyme peduncles,which in tum areshorter than the leaflike bractssubtending the peduncles. Pedicelsup to 5 mm long. Caly"r 3.5 4.5 mmtongin flowerand4-5mmlongin fruit,tendingto bepinkish; lobes more orless triangular or narrowly so, usually somewhatlongerthan the tube,up to 3 5 mm long, I 5-2 mm wide at the base. Corolla with similar hairs but lessdensely hairy outsidethan the calyx, somctimeswith a few stellate hairsinside on the lobes;tube with the narrow yellow base1-1.5 nm long, the widely spreadingupper part extending 2-3 mm from the centre to the baseof the largestlobe; Iargestlobe 6 l0 mm long, stellate-hairyat the centre and base but with a broad glabrous margin; other lobes 4-6 mm long, uniformly hairy outside.Androecium'.lowerfilaments 4 5-7 mm long; anthers0.8-l 3 mm long. Style 5-8mmlong. Fruit 2-23 mm long,2.5-2.8mmwide,2-23 mm deepiseeds 2-2.3 x 1-1.3 mm.

Selectedspecimens examinetl. WESTERN AUSTRALIA (all PERTH); Bounty Camp, 32"06'5, 119"47'E,22 A'tg.1995,G. Barrett',betweenCoolgardie and Victoria Rock, Nov.1964, C. Dtviesi 3 miles[5 km] WSW of Kulja, l3 Nov. 1911,A.S. George lll14l'4.5 km W of Bencubbinon roadto Mukinbudin,8 Sep.1996,8.J. lzpschi2933 &7.R. lttlly; 12 miles[ 19km] from SouthemCross towards Bullfinch,l8 Sep.1962,M.E. Phillips (exCBG 057400);Mt Day road,23.5 miles [38 km] SEof Marvel Loch, 6 Nov. 1984,B.H. Snith 523 (exMEL).

Distribution qnd harilat Extendsfrom Kulja (betweenDalwallinu and Koorda) south-eastlo near Forrestania(east ofHyden) and eastto nearCoolgardie, its known rangeabout 370 km long. Itoccurs mainly in sandysoils, often with laterite,in shrublandsor open woodlands,the associat€dvegetation often including mallee (Eucalyptus),Acacia and Grevillea specres.

Phenology. Flowers mainly Sept€mberto early December,also recordedMirch and August. Mature fruits recordedfrom early November to late December'

Conservation status. A relatively widespreadand common species,not consideredto be at fisk.

Notes. Mueller & Tate,s descriptionof this specieswas disfibuted as a galley proof in 1893 and was published in BotanischesCentrolblatt (Mrcller & Tate 1893) on 30 August 1893 (Chapman 1991: 704). It wasrepublished a few yearslater (Mueller & Tate 1896)with the specificepithetspellcae rulea. This later spelting of the epithet has commonly been used,but the earlier spelling, i.e. coerulea, has priority.

Munir (1979)reduced the speciesto asynonymofthetaxon now known asBracy'rysolahalganiacea, but probably had seenno matedal of true halganiacea apart from the fragmentary type specimen' certainly there was no material of the speciesavailable at PERTH until recently, when the two specimenscited below were incorporated. Brachysolacoerulea is herereinstated as a distinct species, readily distinguished from B. halganiaceaas indicatedin the key. Furthel diffelences are appalent in the indumentum. ln B. coerulea the stemstend to have lalger glandularhairs with more cells than inB.halganiacea,andtheupper surface oltheleaftends to be lessdenselyhairy and to havefinerstellate hairs. No clear differenceshave been found in the flowers of the two species,however, although B. hqlsaniaceq doestend to have a less hairy corolla than B. coerulea- peutunxe sJe,$ogJeqlo sz ,{1rpur:ouqe ue aq ol pemodduslql /t\olaq sapoullrJuls eql UEID(3uol uru t ?) lueurulgJe8uol?qtl,t' pue alnleJSuauuls;o:led rsddneql,(luo puqpeururuxesla,Trog el{lJo auo "t'JaN

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snuo8uellErlsnv u-r3rsa/\A ^\ou e 'DpsKltrtug'19'el)d 338 Ir'4,rsi4vol 13, No. 2 (2000) on thesame specimenhadfourfertile stamens with thelowertwo filamentsslighdy larger (c. 4 mm long) than the uppertwo (c. 3 mm long).

Braclrysolahalganiacea appears to havea distinctgeographical range, with all its known localities. occurringto the north of the known rangeof B, coerulea(Figve 1).

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Paul Wilson for nomenclaturaladvice, and to Richard Olmsteadand Brendan Lepschifor early accessto, and discussionof, their cladistic data.

References

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