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BROTHERS OR ENEMIES

The Ukrainian National Movement and Russia, from the to the 1870s “Moskal.” Mykola Hatchuk, Ukrainska abetka. Moscow: Universytetska dru- karnia, 1861. Courtesy of the National Library of Finland, Slavic collection. JOHANNES REMY

Brothers or Enemies

The Ukrainian National Movement and Russia, from the 1840s to the 1870s

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London © University of Toronto Press 2016 Toronto Buffalo London www.utppublishing.com Printed in the U.S.A.

ISBN 978-1-4875-0046-7

♾ Printed on acid-free, 100% post-consumer recycled paper with vegetable-based inks. ______Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Remy, Johannes, 1962–, author Brothers or enemies : the Ukrainian national movement and Russia, from the 1840s to the 1870s / Johannes Remy. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4875-0046-7 (cloth)

1. Nationalism – Ukraine – History − . 2. Ukrainian literature – Censorship – History − 19th century. 3. − History − 19th ­ century. 4. Ukraine – History − 19th century. 5. Ukraine − Politics and ­government − 19th century. 6. Ukraine – Relations − Russia – History − 19th century. 7. Russia – Relations – Ukraine − History − 19th century. I. Title. DK508.772.R44 2016 947.708 C2016-904895-0 ______This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publica- tions Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The Kowalsky Program for the Study of Eastern Ukraine at Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies has assisted the publication of this book. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council, an agency of the Government of Ontario.

Funded by the Financé par le Government gouvernement of Canada du Canada To Eelis, Filip, and Misael This page intentionally left blank