CHAPTER
North and South (1820-1860) 14 l:i§!it.Jfll Industry in the North
VOCABULARY telegraph communication device that works by sending electrical signals along a wire locomotive a steam-powered train engine clipper ship narrow, speedy sailing vessel designed to make best use of wind SUMMARY In the middle 1800s, a number of inven Steam was also used in other ways. By tions helped manufacturing and farming the 1830s, machines in factories began grow in the North. The sewing machine to use steam power. In earlier times, allowed a worker to make dozens of shirts factories used water power and had to in the same amount of time that it took to be built near swift rivers. Now, however, sew one shirt by hand. Farmers could now factories could be built anywhere. use lightweight steel plow pulled by a horse. (Older iron or wooden plows were heavy and had to be pulled by slow-moving GROWTH OF RAILROADS oxen.) A mechanical reaper could harvest as much as five people using hand tools. 35 New means of communication helped
business. Samuel F.B. Morse invented the '''""''·"' telegraph in the 1840s. The telegraph 30 , r·~ " ..:.: r"··· ,. allowed news to travel rapidly. Businesses u r· .. ' C'a ·I'· ,, in different parts of the country could now .= 25 P·" exchange information quickly. Q W•>< - ,'n en New transportation methods also helped G) 20 ' ,,,. '·~·. northern businesses grow. Steam-powered ·-::E ,, F
,,. I" ',,~ •' locomotives moved people and freight at Q - ,,, ' ,,, en 15 ~ amazing speeds. Early trains had many 'CI , ' ~-'''' c c
REVIEW Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What are three inventions that helped change farming and manufacturing in the North? 2. Graph Skills By about how many miles of track did the railroads grow between 1840 and 1860?
Chapter 14/Section 1 * 77
- ..--~- ..------• lii§31t.JfB Cotton Kingdom in the South SUMMARY During the early years of the Industrial for southern manufactured goods. Revolution, the demand for cotton increased. Southerners relied on the North and Europe Textile mills needed cotton to make cloth. for most of the factory products they used. Cotton grew well in parts of the South. They also borrowed money from northern Southern planters, however, had difficulty banks to buy more land and slaves. meeting the demand for cotton. Removing seeds from cotton was a slow process that had to be done by hand. GROWTH OF SLAVERY Then in 1793, Eli ·Whitney invented the cotton gin. This machine led to a large 4.0 increase in cotton production. One worker using a cotton gin could do the work of 50 3.5 II people cleaning cotton by hand. As southern planters grew more cotton, )f they began moving west to start more plan 3.0 en tations. By the 1850s, cotton was grown in CD > a wide area of land from South Carolina ~2.5 .V to Texas. This area came to be called the Ci:l Cotton Kingdom. As the cotton kingdom -Q _/~ ~2.0 grew, so did the need for slaves to work on Q the plantations. (See graph.) ~/~ • Unlike the economy of the industrial :a: 1.5 North, the economy in the South depended y~ on farming. In areas where cotton did not grow well, farmers grew rice, sugar cane, 1.0 or tobacco. Some southerners wanted the ~ South to build factories. However, most .5 planters were more interested in buying land and slaves than they were in building factories. Despite having rich resources, 0 such as iron, wood, and stone, the South 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 relied on farming. Because slaves could not Year afford to buy goods, there was little demand
REVIEW Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 1. How did the cotton gin affect the production of cotton in the South? • 2. Graph Skills About how many slaves were there in 1820? In 1860?
Chapter 14/Section 3 * 79 I