North and South (1820-1860) 14 L:I§!It.Jfll Industry in the North
CHAPTER North and South (1820-1860) 14 l:i§!it.Jfll Industry in the North VOCABULARY telegraph communication device that works by sending electrical signals along a wire locomotive a steam-powered train engine clipper ship narrow, speedy sailing vessel designed to make best use of wind SUMMARY In the middle 1800s, a number of inven Steam was also used in other ways. By tions helped manufacturing and farming the 1830s, machines in factories began grow in the North. The sewing machine to use steam power. In earlier times, allowed a worker to make dozens of shirts factories used water power and had to in the same amount of time that it took to be built near swift rivers. Now, however, sew one shirt by hand. Farmers could now factories could be built anywhere. use lightweight steel plow pulled by a horse. (Older iron or wooden plows were heavy and had to be pulled by slow-moving GROWTH OF RAILROADS oxen.) A mechanical reaper could harvest as much as five people using hand tools. 35 New means of communication helped business. Samuel F.B. Morse invented the '''""''·"' telegraph in the 1840s. The telegraph 30 , r·~ " ..:.: r"··· ,. allowed news to travel rapidly. Businesses u r· .. ' C'a ·I'· ,, in different parts of the country could now .= 25 P·" exchange information quickly. Q W•>< - ,'n en New transportation methods also helped G) 20 ' ,,,. '·~·. northern businesses grow. Steam-powered ·-::E ,, F ,,. I" ',,~ •' locomotives moved people and freight at Q - ,,, ' ,,, en 15 ~ amazing speeds. Early trains had many 'CI , ' ~-'''' c c<M '' troubles. They broke down often and were C'a en .,, ' i"· unsafe.
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